Transcript Electronic Chart

Electronic Chart
Per R. Bodin
Solas Chapter V Regulation 27
Nautical chart and nautical publications
Nautical charts and nautical publications,
such as:
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sailing directions,
list of lights,
notices to mariners,
tide tabels
and other nautical publications necessary for
the intended
Per R. Bodin
Solas chapter V Regulation 2
Definitions
2. Nautical Chart or nautical publication is a
special-purpose map or book, or a specially
complied database from which such a map or
book is derived, that is issued officially by or on
the authority of a Government, authorised
Hydrographic Office to meet the requirements of
marine navigation.
Per R. Bodin
Example hazards
• Minor
• Interruption to navigation information
• Reduced ECDIS functionality
• Increased navigation workload
• Major
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Severe disruption to navigation information
Loss of alarm functions
Unable to continuosly monitor vessel`s position
Difficulty in maintaining planned track
• Critical
• Total loss of navigational information
• ECDIS failure
Per R. Bodin
Electronic chart are here to stay
• International legislation is complete
• Revised equipment approval standards
agreed and published
• National legislation requirements are being
refined
• Paper chart sales are predicted to have
peaked
Per R. Bodin
Why og electronic
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Integration with other sensors
Simplifies route planning
Effective route monitoring
Comprehensive recording
Simple application of updates
Updates by satcoms and telephone
More intelligent systems
Increased safety
Per R. Bodin
ECDIS
• IMO Performance Standar (1995)
– Resolution A.817 (19)
• IHO Transfer Standards for Digital
Hydrographic Data
– S57 Edition 3.1 (2000)
• International Electrochnical Commission
Ecdis Oerformance Standards, Methods of
Testing and Required Test Results
– IEC 61174,2nd Edition (2001)
Per R. Bodin
RENCS
• Regional Electronic Navigational
Chart Co-ordinating Centres
• In Europe there are two such centeres:
• International Centere for ENCs
• Primar - Stavanger
Per R. Bodin
Electronic charts are here to stay
• International legislation is complete
• Revised equipment approval standards
agreed and published
• National legislation requirements are being
refined
• Paper chart sales are predicted to have
peaked
Per R. Bodin
Basic formats of electronic charts
• Raster Chart
• Data is ”dot” equivalent of printed image
• Arranged in rectangular grid of pixels
• Each pixel is geographically referenced
• Vector Chart
• Data is ”ordered” list of features
• Data is geographically referenced
• Data items have attributes
Per R. Bodin
Terminology
• Electronic Chart Display and Information System
(ECDIS)
• Specific vector shart system defined by IMO/IHO
• Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC)
• Official HO approved vector data for ECDIS
• Raster Chart Display System
• Raster chart system meeting IMO requirements
• Raster Navigational Chart (RNC)
• Official HO approved raster data for RCDS
Per R. Bodin
Non-approved electronic charts
• Electronic Chart System (ECS)
• An electronic chart system which does not meet
IMO`s standards or an approved system which is
displaying data which does not meet ENC/RNC
standards
Per R. Bodin
Maritime Administrations
Administrations have been taking a cautious
approach to the use of electronic charts:
• Legislation issues prior to revised SOLAS Ch. V
• Unhappy with First Edition of IEC 61174 for Type
approval of equipment
• Limited ENC coverage
• Wanted more RCDS experience
• Wanted more experience regarding back-up
• Experience has been gained though controlled use
under IMO 15 regulations
Per R. Bodin
Scenario for the immediate future
Maritime administrations will:
• Insist on full use of paper charts for ECS operation
(as is presently the case)
• Where there is adequate coverage of ENCs allow
non-paper operation if back-up meets their
requirements, eg by formal risk analysis or
inspection
• Allow RCDS operation, if ENCs are not available,
with parallel use of (generally) smaller scale paper
charts (in accordance with
administrations`requirements or by formal risk
analysis)
Per R. Bodin
RCDS mode of operation
In 1998 IMO MSC70 adopted amendments
to the original ECDIS resolution:
• Permits RCDS mode of operation when ENC data
is not available
• ”When operating in the RCDS mode, ECDIS
equipment should be used together with an
appropriate portfolio of up-to-date paper charts”
• So called ”dual-fuel” operation
Per R. Bodin
SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 19
Carriage requirements for shipborne
navigational systems and equipment
• 2.1 All ships irrespective of size shall have:
• 4 nautical charts and nautical publications to plan and display
the ship`s route for the intended voyage and to plot and
monitor positions thoughout the voyage; an Electronic Chart
Display and Information System (ECDIS) may be accepted
as meeting the chart carriage requirements of this
subparagraph;
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Per R. Bodin
Solas Chapter V
• New Chapter V (Safety of Navigation)
• Comes into force 1 July 2002
• Explicitly includes references to ECDIS
Per R. Bodin
Risk assessment method
• Determine hazards, ie what could cause harm
• Determine the risk
• Risk= severity x likelihood
• Decide if risk is tolerable
• Otherwise develop procedures to control the risk
• Review the risk
• Will controls lead to a tolerable risk and are they practicable
• Develop emergency procedures
Per R. Bodin
Risk assessment
Increased support by marine administrations of risk
Assessment techniques to identify the hazards and
hence determine the safe configuration and use of
electronic charts and their back-up, considering:
• Type of vessel
• Operational area
• ECDIS specifications
Per R. Bodin
Back-up solutions
IMO Resolution MSC.64(67) – 1996
• Carriage of an additional type approved
ECDIS
• Reversion to paper charts
• Reversion to a non-ECDIS electronic chart
system
• Meeting minimum requirements
• Data issued by a national HO
Per R. Bodin
Alarms and indicators
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Alarm
Exceeding off track limits
Alarm
Crossing safety contour
Alarm/indication
Area with special conditions
Alarm
Deviation from route
Alarm
Positioning system failure
Alarm
Approach to critical point
Alarm
Different geodetic datum
Alarm/indication Malfunction of chart system
Indication
Information overscale
Indication
Larger scale data available
Indication
Route planning across safety
contour / specified area
• Indication
Positioning system accuracy
Per R. Bodin
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