Programmes Environment

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Transcript Programmes Environment

Programmes Environment for the Wireless Applications Development

Ass.prof. Miroslav Galabov, PhD St.Cyril and St.Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria

1.Overview of m-Business and the • • Wireless Internet

Wireless technology brings communication, Internet and World Wide Web to users around the world

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Consumers and businesses will be able to conduct all information transactions from mobile devices Applications

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Businesses: transmitting critical information

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Schools: improved connectivity Consumers: purchasing products when away from home

1.Overview of m-Business and the • Wireless Internet

Location-identification

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location-identification capabilities built into all cell phones

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TDOA (time difference of arrival ), AOA (Angle of Arrival) and GPS

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Benefits

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Enhances lives of disabled (Digital Angel) Improves B2C and B2B applications Provides focused marketing and store/restaurant location

1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet • •

E-payments

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M-wallets: store billing information

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Bluetooth wireless technology and infrared: transactions occur via wireless devices Concerns

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Continuous marketing: privacy issues

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Accumulated personal information

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WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security ) protocol protects wireless information, but not once decrypted at destination

1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet • –

Small text-based interfaces Technologies

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First-generation: analog cell phones

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Second-generation: digital transmissions on circuit-switched networks

• GSM, CDMA, TDMA and OFDM (Orthogonal

frequency-division multiplexing)

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2.5 generation: between 2G and 3G

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packet-switching

1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet • –

Third-generation (3G): streaming audio, video, multimedia and voice transmissions

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W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access ) , GPRS, EDGE and CDMA2000

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NTT DoCoMo (JAPAN): leads world in 3G development (W-CDMA) Standardization

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Variety of transmission protocols

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Languages

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HDML

(

Handheld Device Markup Language

), and J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition )

WAP/WML

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BREW: enables developers to write applications for devices on disparate platforms

2.1 Introduction to m-business •

M-business

An e-business enabled by wireless communications

2.2 Adopting Wireless Technologies • •

Disadvantages of wireless technology (phones)

– – – –

Screen size and resolution Entering information Incompatible web sites Phone billing New technologies

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Web Clipping, WAP, WML, J2ME etc…

2.3 Creating m-Businesses •

Creating a business plan

Se c tio ns Primary Purpose Strategy Support Business Model Process Nee d fo r Wire le ss c om munic a tio ns Define the purpose of adding wireless Internet capabilities to the business. What benefits and services will wireless technology provide? Describe how the product or service fits into the market. How is it different from existing products or services and how will it be profitable? Provide reasons that support the implementation of wireless capabilities. How are these justifed as support? Has research been conducted? What is the market? Who are the customers? How will revenue be generated? What are the expenses? What business model will be implemented? How will transactions be conducted? How will this enhance currently existing protocols? List the necessary steps to build wireless communications. Does more research need to be conducted before the project can move forward?

Fig. 2.1

Steps to determine the need for wireless access.

2.3.1 Generating Revenue •

Factors determining revenue

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Consumer spending

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Advertising

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Cost of production

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Wireless reliability

2.3.2 Wireless Web-Site Design and • • Content Creation

Transcoding

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Converting HTML to WML

Customizing Content

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Writing code for wireless access by variety of devices and standards

The example:

E*Trade (the global leader of online trading) on Palm

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Portfolio management, market activity, help index

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No multimedia or interactive features

2.3.2 Wireless Web-Site Design and Content Creation

E*Trade on desktop

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Many more services offered

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Multimedia and interactive features

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Value Added Services: links to additional services

2.3.2 Wireless Web-Site Design and • Content Creation

Functionality and reliability over aesthetics and features

E*Trade on the wireless Palm device and on Microsoft IE 13

• • 2.3.3 Business-to-Employee (B2E) Communications

Wireless internet

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Increases productivity

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Reduces expenses B2E considerations

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Changing old procedures and protocols

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Implementing security and encryption

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New drive/standard-specific protocols

2.4 Wireless Application Solution • • • Providers

Choosing a wireless device

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Cost

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Storage Compatibility with existing systems Wireless solution providers for demands of changing technologies

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End-to-end services

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Packaged software iConverse

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iConverse Mobility Platform: helps enterprise manage data and speech applications for all devices

2.4 Wireless Application Solution Providers iConverse is a wireless applications solution provider.

2.5 Business-to-Employee (B2E) • • • Applications

PocketCashier: service and sales from remote locations using phones or PDAs Transportation and shipping industry web-sites enhance services

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DHL , Fedex Trucking Industry

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Load matching: match truck capacity with shipping needs

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Cargonet.com

, Cargonow.com

2.5 Business-to-Employee (B2E) Applications •

Applications in other industries

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Factory Management: wireless chips for production, monitoring, and safety

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Education: e-learning reduces time and travel Smartforce - leading provider of e learning and performance support solutions for global enterprises, government, education and small to medium-sized businesses.

2.6 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Applications • •

Mobile devices

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News, scores, e-mail Micropayments: small transactions

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Accenture’s Mobile Micropayments

3.1 International Wireless Communications. Introduction •

International wireless communication technologies drive the global economy

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US’ wireless penetration (% using service) lags behind other countries

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Companies investing in wireless infrastructure, creating wireless accessible content and developing wireless applications

3.2.1 Asia and the Pacific •

Asia has a highly advanced wireless market

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Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan all have high market penetrations

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China has low market penetration despite 46.5 million subscribers

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India has large potential market

Country Japan China South Korea Subscribers (millions) 57.95 46.5 27.5 Taiwan 11.45

Fig. 3.1

Top Asian/Pacific cell phone markets. Penetration 43.4 3.7 53.3 51.6 21

• • 3.2.2 Europe

The European wireless market

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Sweden, Italy, and Portugal have highest penetration

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Italy, UK, and Germany have most subscribers Ericsson (Sweden)

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30% world’s wireless market

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50% 3G contracts

Country Italy UK Germany France Spain Turkey Netherlands Sweden Portugal Subscribers (millions) 31.1 25.5 25.0 21.1 16.4 9.2 7.1 5.4 4.8

Fig. 3.2

Top European cell phone markets. Penetration 52.2 42.9 30.2 35.5 41 14 44.9 60 47.8 22

3.2.3 North, Central and South • • • America

Brazil, Mexico, Canada, and Argentina have relatively high cell phone markets South America is attractive market for foreign investment Central America still slow to embrace technology

Country Brazil Mexico Canada Argentina Subscribers (millions) 14.4 8.7 7.0 4.7

Fig. 3.3

Top North and South American cell phone markets.

Penetration 8.3 8.6 22.4 12.7 23

3.2.5 Africa •

African developments in wireless infrastructures attracts foreign investors

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South Africa and Morocco are the leaders and have offered 3G licenses

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South Africa is one of the most mature wireless markets and one of the top 20 in the world with approximately 5.3 million cell-phone subscribers.

4.1 Wireless Communications Technologies.Introduction.

• •

Millions of people worldwide use wireless services and devices Wireless communications

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Hardware

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Wireless carriers

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Networks

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Radio Frequency, Laser, Infrared and Bluetooth Wireless Technology

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Satellites

4.2 Hardware • •

Mobile phones, PDAs and laptop computers allow wireless access to the Internet from remote locations Outside US, mobile phones are preferred medium for information and e-business transactions

4.3 Wireless Carriers •

Wireless Carriers: companies providing wireless Internet access to mobile devices

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Services

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Pricing

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Network coverage

4.4 Wireless Networks • •

Corporations, businesses and colleges building wireless networks allowing information access anytime from anywhere

Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN)

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Use wires and cables to connect users to central server

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Many companies and residences turning to wireless solutions for area networks

4.4 Wireless Networks •

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) and Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

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Transmit data through air

4.5 Radio Frequency, Laser, Infrared and Bluetooth Wireless Technology •

Technologies allowing sharing among wireless devices

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Radio frequency

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Infrared

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Laser

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Bluetooth

4.5.1 Radio Frequency (RF) •

Radio Frequency (RF): communications through radio signals

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Phones, broadcasts and networks

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Radio Frequency WLAN: networks devices not close together

• 4.5.1 Radio Frequency (RF)

RF WLAN standards

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HomeRF

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In home and small offices Data and voice products networking between printers, PCs, and phones

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Uses Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP), FHSS technology

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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)

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802.11b standard

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Airports, restaurants and other areas High power consumption and low reliability in high traffic

4.5.1 Radio Frequency (RF) HomeRF (HomeRF Working Group, Inc. (www.homerf.com)) 33

• • 4.5.2 Laser and Infrared Technology

Laser technology: connects buildings

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Transceivers (towers) on rooftops communicate through signal and link networks Infrared technology: - connects devices up to 30 feet and needs clear line of sight

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More cost-efficient than laser techn.

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slow speeds

• • 4.5.3 Bluetooth

Bluetooth: radio frequencies

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2000 companies involved in Bluetooth Consortium

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Point-to-multipoint and FHSS packet switching

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Can connect multiple devices within a 30 foot radius

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Interference problems: on 2.4GHz band with most other WLAN devices Bluetooth allows automatic communication as soon as devices enter coverage area

4.6 Satellite Communications • •

Satellite communications is alternative for wireless networks Satellite system types

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Low Earth Orbit Satellites (LEOs)

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100-300 miles above surface: transmit signals quickly

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Hundreds placed in ring following earth’s curvature: communicate with each other until in range of destination user

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Medium Earth Orbit Satellites (MEOs)

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6,000 to 12,000 miles above surface Require fewer satellite than LEOs Used by government and for weather

• • • 4.6 Satellite Communications

Satellite system types (cont’d)

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Geostationary Orbit Satellites

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22,282 miles above surface

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Replaced less often More transmission delays and distortions Satellites provide voice, data, and location-based services Iridium

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Motorola satellite network for voice, data, fax and location

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Used 66 LEO satellites, bankrupt in 1999 and bought in 2001 by Iridium Satellite

4.7 Future of Wireless Communication •

Wireless service moving toward 3G technologies

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Battle over technologies and standards

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Provider globalization

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Network upgrades to 3G

5.1 Wireless Platforms & Programming Languages • •

No unifying standard Protocols, platforms and languages are important developmental/implementation tools

5.1.1 Handheld Devices Markup Language (HDML) • •

Handheld Devices Markup Language (HDML)

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One of first languages for handheld devices

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Similar to HTML

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Evolved into WAP and WML HDML no longer manufactured, but still present in many devices

5.1.2 WAP and WML •

Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)

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Set of protocols enabling communication between different wireless devices

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Intended for phones, pagers and other handhelds

5.1.2 WAP and WML •

Wireless Markup Language (WML)

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Creates web content for wireless devices, based on XML

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Microbrowsers: access web via wireless internet

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WML supports WAP

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Deck: a WML document made up of

cards

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Image support and telephone support through telephony tags

5.1.2 WAP and WML • •

WAP limitations

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Security breaches and unreliability

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Limited bandwidth

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Can’t handle multimedia and overloaded easily WAP communications

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WAP-enabled mobile device

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WAP gateway

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Web server

WAP Communications Architecture 43

5.1.2 WAP and WML

Growth of WAP, as the platform for development of wireless web applications WAP 1.0

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Black and white screen

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Slowly load of documents /10-15s/

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Price– depending on the time of view

WAP 2.0

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Growth graphics, colors

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Contents tune in

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Local cash

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Security server access

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Compatibility with WAP 1.0 / WML

WAP WAP 1.0

WML 1.X / WML Script WAP 1.2.1

GPRS, WAP Push WAP 2.0

WAP CSS / XHTML MP XHTML Basic WAP CSS / XHTML MP

5.1.2 WAP and WML

WAP 1.0 WML / WML Script

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WML – The first language, specially for WAP

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Support the basic functions- presenting of text and images

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Limiting possibility for presentations

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Integration of presentation in contents

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Organize the contents in carts and decks=> Pages visualization only trough WAP-browser

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Support scripting of the client - WML Script

5.1.2 WAP and WML

WAP 2.0 XHTML MP / WAP CSS

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XHTML MP – The official mark-up language of modern WAP pages

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Wide spectra of functional possibility – growth graphics

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Wide varied on instruments for control of contents mode – WAP CSS

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Contents and presentation division –external CSS-files /WAP CSS/

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Using well knowing recourses for development of web-pages => Pages visualization trough WEB- and WAP- browsers.

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In the future will support the client scripting=> ECMA Script Mobile Profile

5.1.2 WAP and WML

Structure of the information site for mobile phones

5.1.2 WAP and WML

Visualization with WAP Proof 2008

5.1.2 WAP and WML

Weather forecast

5.1.3 Compact HTML (cHTML) & i-mode •

i-mode: popular service in Japan for voice, text, graphics and web-browsing

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Uses cHTML, subset of HTML

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NTT DoCoMo has over 30,000 cHTML pages on own servers – eliminates translation

5

.1.4 Java and Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) • •

Java: one of most widely used programming languages Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME): programming platform for mobile devices

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Facilitates development of applications on wireless devices

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Compensates for WAP’s drawbacks

• 5.1.5 XML & XHTML

XML: an open technology for data exchange

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XML documents contain data, applications decide how data is displayed

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Markup languages created with XML

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XHTML; XHTML Basic

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VoiceXML WBXML

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Markup documents

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Tags mark and describe data

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Documents are highly portable Human and machine readable

5.1.5 XML & XHTML •

XHTML

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Markup language identifies page’s elements

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Equipped to represent complex data on wireless Internet

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Strict syntax and well-formed code

5.1.6 EPOC •

EPOC (

EPOC is a family of graphical operating systems developed for portable devices. EPOC came from epoch, the beginning of an era)

: a platform for next generation wireless devices

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Supports phone and PDA for 3G technologies

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Supports C++, Java, WAP and the Internet; TCP/IP protocols, GSM, Bluetooth and infrared

5.1.7 Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW) •

Qualcomm’s platform enables applications accessible by variety of wireless devices

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Ease of use and development – lower costs and production times

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Many possible applications

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Navigation E-wallets Games Music

• • 5.2 Synchronization Markup Language (SyncML) Initiative

Synchronization

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Sharing information in multiple areas among non-compatible devices SyncML Initiative

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Formed by 8 companies to develop standard protocol for information exchange regardless of time, place or device

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Remote synchronization: application used by two devices at same time

5.2 SyncML Initiative –

Works with fixed, infrared, cable or Bluetooth wireless technology networks

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Divides synchronization areas into client-side and server-side

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SyncML based on WBXML version of XML

5.3 Future of Wireless Technologies • •

Advances in transmission speed and types of information

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3G standards, technologies and protocols was develop;

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Possibly 4G technologies by 2010.

Multimedia communications will be dominant transmission type of future

Thank you for your attention!

Programmes Environment

Transcript Programmes Environment

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