Transcript PPT] Teaching Phonemic Awareness

Teaching Phonemic Awareness
in the early grades
What is Phonemic Awareness?
What is Phonics?
What is Phonological Awareness?
What is Phonemic Awareness?
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Phonemic awareness is the ability to
notice, think about, and work with the
individual sounds in spoken words. Before
children learn to read print, they need to
become aware of how the sounds in
words work. They must understand that
words are made up of speech sounds, or
phonemes.
What is Phonemic Awareness?
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Phonemic awareness is the
understanding that the sounds of
spoken language work together to
make words.
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Phonemic Awareness
("Bell, bike, and boy all have /b/ at the
beginning."
 The beginning sound of dog is /d/. The
ending sound of sit is /t/.“
 /m/, /a/, /p/-- map
 up--/u/, /p/
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Children who cannot hear and work
with the phonemes of spoken words
will have a difficult time learning how
to relate these phonemes to the
graphemes when they see them in
written words.
What is Phonological Awareness?
Phonemic awareness is a subcategory of
Phonological Awareness.
What is Phonological Awareness?
The focus of phonological awareness is
much broader than that of phonemic
awareness. It includes identifying and
manipulating larger parts of spoken
language, such as words, syllables, and
onsets and rimes--as well as phonemes. It
also encompasses awareness of other
aspects of sound, such as rhyming,
alliteration, and intonation.
What is Phonics?

Phonics is the understanding that there is
a predictable relationship between
phonemes and graphemes, the letters that
represent those sounds in written
language
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If children are to benefit from phonics
instruction, they need phonemic
awareness.
Today’s Agenda
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Review terms
Take a short quiz
Strategies for teaching phonological
awareness
Adaptation for students with special needs
Sample lesson plans and other resources
Using technology for reading
http://www.reconnectioncompany.com
Quick Quiz
Phonemic Phonological, or Phonics?
1.
How many syllables does a spoken word
have?
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2.
Say a word that rhymes with bat.
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3.
Phonological: break down word into smaller
parts
(Phonological- rhyming sounds)
How many sounds are in cup?
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Phonemic – break into individual phonemes
Quick Quiz
Phonemic Phonological, or Phonics?
4.
Find all of the words in the sentence that
have the letter that makes the /m/
mmmmm sound.
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5.
Put the sounds /d/, /o/, /g/ together and
say the word.
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6.
Phonics- match sounds to letters
Phonological- manipulate phonemes to make
words
What letter makes the first sound in
pop?
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Phonics- match letter to sound
Assessing Phonemic Awareness
("Bell, bike, and boy all have /b/ at the
beginning."
 The beginning sound of dog is /d/. The
ending sound of sit is /t/.“
 /m/, /a/, /p/-- map
 up--/u/, /p/

ASSESSING PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS
Review
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identifying and making oral rhymes;
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identifying and working with syllables in spoken
words;
"The pig has a (wig)."
"Pat the (cat)."
"The sun is (fun)."
"I can clap the parts in my name: Andrew."
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identifying and working with onsets and rimes in
spoken syllables or one-syllable words;
"The first part of sip is s-."
"The last part of win is -in."
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identifying and working with individual phonemes
in spoken words.
"The first sound in sun is /s/."
Teaching Phonemic and
Phonological Awareness
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Research indicates that phonological awareness
can be taught and that students who increased
their awareness of phonemes facilitated their
subsequent reading acquisition (Lundberg et al,
1988).
Teachers need to be aware of instructional
activities that can help their students become
aware of phonemes before they receive formal
reading instruction; they need to realize that
phonemic awareness will become more
sophisticated as students' reading skills develop.
Teaching Phonemic and Phonological
Awareness
(1) Engage children in activities that direct
their attention to the sounds in words,
such as rhyming and alliteration games.
(2) Teach students to segment and blend.
(3) Combine training in segmentation and
blending with instruction in letter-sound
relationships.
Phonemic Awareness: An Important Early Step in Learning To Read. ERIC Digest.
Teaching Phonemic and
Phonological Awareness
(4) Teach segmentation and blending as
complementary processes.
(5) Systematically sequence examples when
teaching segmentation and blending.
(6) Teach for transfer to novel tasks and
contexts.
Teaching Phonemic Awareness
Yopp (1992)
(a) Keep a sense of playfulness and fun,
avoid drill and rote memorization.
(b) Use group settings that encourage
interaction among children.
(c) Encourage children's curiosity about
language and their experimentation with
it.
(d) Allow for and be prepared for individual
differences.
Teaching Phonemic and
Phonological Awareness
(e) Make sure the tone of the activity is not
evaluative but rather fun and informal.
Spending a few minutes daily engaging
preschool, kindergarten, and first-grade
[and older] children in oral activities that
emphasize the sounds of language may go
a long way in helping them become
successful readers and learners.
Differentiated Instruction
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Activities for students in the early stages should
include identifying and categorizing phonemes.
Students who can identify and categorize
phonemes should work with activities that help
them learn to blend phonemes to form words
and to segment words into phonemes.
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More advanced activities are those in which
students delete or add phonemes to form new
words, and activities in which students
substitute phonemes to make new words.
5 Levels of Phonological Ability
Adams (1990)
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to hear rhymes and alliteration as
measured by knowledge of nursery
rhymes
to do oddity tasks (comparing and
contrasting the sounds of words for rhyme
and alliteration)
to blend and split syllables
5 Levels of Phonological Ability
Adams (1990)
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to perform phonemic segmentation (such
as counting out the number of phonemes
in a word)
to perform phoneme manipulation tasks
(such as adding, deleting a particular
phoneme and regenerating a word from
the remainder).
Levels of Literacy Development
Phonemic Awareness Greater Phonological Awareness
Spoken Spoken
Phonics Awareness
Written Sounds