Transcript ABC: The Problem-Solution Agenda

ABC: The Problem-Solution
Agenda
A Presentation On Street Dog Population
Control
Before the
Hon Lokayuktha,Bangalore
By ABC Centres on Tuesday, 02.07.2002
Past Strategies
• BMP had adopted a policy of mass
killing of dogs by electrocution for
the past 60 years. (1939 to 1999)
• About 160 dogs per day, about
50,000 per year.
• Lakhs of dogs- male, female, lactating mothers,
pregnant mothers, puppies are caught and killed.
• This went on & on & on ….
Mass Electrocution
The Result of Electrocution
Inspite of killing more than 25,00,000 dogs:
• Dog Population continued to increase
• Dog bites continued to increase
• Deaths due to rabies continued to increase
Aptly in WHO document, to quote Dr K Bogel, Chief Veterinary Public
Health Unit, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland & J.A. Hoyt, President,
WSPA state that
“All too often, authorities confronted with the problems caused by these
dogs have turned to mass destruction in the hope of finding a quick
solution, only to discover that the destruction had to continue, year
after year with no end in sight”.
Let’s Examine Why Killing fails?
• Dog for dog replacement every time a dog is
killed.
• Bangalore, an expanding city: dogs moving in
from the outskirts in search of easy access to food
• Example: Kiran Koshy,34, an employee of Lintas
says, “I know the dogs on my street were taken
away twice to be killed. Today, I see 15 dogs
more”.
• The pattern was the same in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai,
Kolkatta, Jaipur, Vishakapatnam, Goa, Secunderabad,
Hyderabad, Pune, Mysore, Mangalore, Hubli, etc, etc.
• The pattern has been the same in China: the closest to India
by way of population and area.
Why do dogs bite?
• During the mating season, rivalry among male
dogs for the female is high
• The female dog is aggressive, being hounded by
packs of males
• The female while protecting her litter of puppies
• Provocation from humans: chased, pelted with
stones, teased
ABC: The Credentials Test
• On sterilising 70% of the street dog population, it gets
stabilised
• Actively recommended by the WHO, specially for Asian
countries
• Tried and tested in Jaipur, Mumbai, Delhi,
Chennai,Kolkatta, Vishakapatnam, Goa, Secunderabad,
Hyderabad.
• Adopted and followed on a war footing in Pune,
Mysore, Mangalore, Hubli, Darjeeling, Kota, Ajmer,
Jamshedpur, Vishakapatnam, Jodhpur, Baroda,
Ahmedabad, Chandigarh, Jamshedpur, Nagapattinam,
Salem, Kanchipuram, (TN), Nellore, Tirupati, Anantpur
district (AP), Pondicherry, Jallandhar, to name a few
ARV: Credentials Test
• As per WHO once 70% of Dog Population has
been vaccinated death due to Rabies stops.
• Further it has also been pointed out by Dr F.-X.
Meslin of the Dept of Communicable Diseases
Surveillance of WHO,
• "Rabies elimination by vaccination of the dog
population is the most cost-beneficial strategy".
(Source : APCRI Journal, Vol, I, Issue 2, 2000)
• 4th International Symposium on Rabies
Control in Asia organized with the cosponsorship of the World Health
Organization -• "Elimination of rabies in humans
requires control of rabies in dogs.”
Vaccination of dogs is a cost-effective
means for achieving this goal and may be
THE only long-term solution to the
problem of rabies in humans.
• www.who.int/emc/diseases/zoo/rabies_symposium1.html
Benefits of ABC/ARV programme
• The following benefits are observed in
cities following ABC/ARV programme :
Reduction in dog population
Reduction in dog bite cases
Reduction in rabies deaths
Advantage ABC
• Permanent, one time solution
• Dogs when returned to their streets prevent new
dogs from coming in as they are territorial by
nature
• Familiarity with the residing people: therefore
keep to themselves
• Control the rodent population, guard the streets
• The average life of the street dog is only 4-5 years.
• Dog bites come down
Learned Judges of India favour
ABC/ARV
 High Courts all over India unanimously favour
Sterilization/Vaccination inspite of local laws favouring
Killing of dogs
Examples include
• Delhi High Court Suit No. 1246/92.
• Hyderabad-Secunderabad High Court WP No. 18669 of
1994
• Vishakhapatnam High Court WP 5483 of 1997
• Jaipur High Court.
• Goa High Court WP No. 373 of 1998
• Mumbai High Court WP No. 1596 of 1998
• Karnataka High Court WP 1921 of 1991
• Karnataka High Court WP 1970 & 37359 of 2001
Indian Success Stories
The Jaipur Example
• After Jaipur High Court Judgement in 1994 ABC/ARV
was started and has continued without hinderance from
public, media or municipal authorities.
The results spectacular:
 No Rabies death for past 4 years.
 Dog bites reduced from 2500 in 1994 to about 100 in 2001.
 Most visitors to Jaipur comment that Jaipur street dogs are
the healthiest in India and in far better conditions than in
other towns and cities that do not have ABC programme.
 Jaipur project is known world wide as a successful
pioneering project.
ABC/ARV
Internationally Favoured
Bangkok goes the Jaipur and Bangalore way
• Bangkok's stray dogs to be sterilised and microchipped
• BANGKOK, March 12,02 (AFP) - The plan calls for the Bangkok
Metropolitan Authority's Health Department and three universities to
work together on catching and neutering the city's estimated 120,000
dogs.
• Stray dogs "are a major problem for the whole of Bangkok," said
health department director Krit Hiranras. Around 3,50,000 people were
bitten by dogs considered to be potentially infected with rabies last
year, according to the Ministry of Public Health.
• A male dog would cost around 400 baht (nine dollars) to sterilise,
while a female would cost 500 baht, Krit said, with the total cost of 54
million baht (INR 6 Crores) to be footed by the city authorities.
• A cull is deemed unacceptable in the predominantly Buddhist country.
Source: by Agence France-Presse.
Fethiye,Turkey adopts ABC/ARV
• The Fethiye Stray Dog Project is the first of its kind in southwestern
Turkey. It is a locally based, professionally managed operation that
takes in strays, gives them vaccinations and medical care, sterilizes
them, then releases them back to the streets once they are healthy.
•
In its first year, the project significantly reduced the number of
incidents involving aggressive dogs. Its ongoing success has
encouraged the municipality of Fethiye to increase its support for the
project.
• The Fethiye Stray Dog Project offers localities throughout Turkey and
the world a proven model program that can reduce stray dog
overpopulation, improve the health of individual animals, and reduce
human-animal conflicts.
•
www.ifaw.org
How Sri Lanka, Thailand have
reduced incidences of rabies
• Developing Asian countries like Thailand, Laos,
Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Philippines have seen marked
reduction in rabies cases, NOT BECAUSE OF
DOG DESTRUCTION CAMPAIGNS but because
of Vaccinations.
• It is up to us to either copy cruel practices which
does not change rabies scenario or to adopt
scientific policies which benefit humans more.
Killing of Dogs
International Failures
Why Rabies Exists in Dog
unfriendly Pakistan?
According to Dr. Naseem Salahuddin, Liaquat National
Hospital, Karachi
“The Incidence of Dog Bites from potentially rabid dogs is
rising alarmingly ….. great public anxiety …... In Karachi,
with a population of 13 million, the major referral centers
including Govt. Hospitals report 55-60 cases of Dog bite
per day and private hospitals 3-5 per day. Periodic dog
destruction campaigns in large cities have not significantly
reduced the number of dog bite cases. The incidence of
Rabies in Karachi was estimated to be 9 per million
population”.
Source: WHO/CDS/CSR/APH/2000.5
Animal Bites and Rabies
Situation in Iran
M. Zeynali DVM, MPH,* A. Fayaz DVM, PhD,** A. Nadim MD, PhD***
*Department General of Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical
Education, Tehran, Iran
• In Iran, the number of reported animal bites has
increased dramatically from 66,370 in 1987 to
183,000 in 1997”.
• “Although the number of animal bites in our
country is increasing, this rise is commensurate
with the population growth rather than a genuine
rise in prevalence”.
•
Source: www.sums.ac.ir
Similar is the situation in some of
the following Asian Countries
Afganistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Iran
Iraq
Jordan
North Korea
Nepal
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Yemen
An Overview of Killer Diseases
•
Infectious diseases are the world biggest killer of children and adults.
•
Six diseases cause 90% of infectious disease deaths and rabies is not one of
them.
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Prominent killer diseases:
HIV/AIDS – 336 Lakhs, with no cure in Horizon.
Pneumonia – 35 Lakhs
Diarrheoal diseases – 20 Lakhs
TB – 15 Lakhs/year
Malaria – 10 Lakhs/year
Measles – 9 Lakhs
One in two deaths in developing countries per hour is because of these diseases. 1500 people die per hour,
more than 50% children under 5.
Source: www.who.int
To recap
A terrific cohesive movement taking shape with
NGO services complementing BMP’s efforts.
• Dog Population under Decline
• Dog Bites under Decline
• Death due to rabies is NIL in Bangalore.
Highlights of BMP action plan
• Garbage to be tacked aggressively.
• Awareness programmes that will generate public support
and participation in the ABC Programme: tackle public
ignorance, spreading of rumours and false information.
• Vaccination and Licensing to be intensified.
ABC: The Pro-Person
Programme
Thank you for your time