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Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation (SMART) 101 Brief for the DOD's 2014 Taking the Pentagon to the People Program at Tuskegee University Janie L. Mines for Dr. Laura Stubbs Director DoD STEM Development Office 27 February 2014 Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release Briefing Outline • • • • ASD(R&E) STEM Development Office Background: National and DoD STEM DoD STEM Leadership - DoD STEM Executive Board SDO STEM Portfolio – STEM Resources: National Defense Education Program (NDEP) – Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) – National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship (NSSEFF) – NDEP K-12 • SMART – Overview • SMART Context – Demand Signals • Graduate Degrees Awarded to SMART Participants • Back Up Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 2 STEM Development Office “The Secretary of Defense shall identify actions and establish and conduct programs to improve education and training in the scientific, mathematics, and engineering skills necessary to meet long-term defense needs.” (10 USC 2192) ASD(R&E) - Four Research and Engineering Imperatives • Accelerate the delivery of technical capabilities to win the current fight; • Prepare for an uncertain future; • Reduce the cost, acquisition time, and risk of major defense acquisition programs; and • Develop world class science, technology, engineering and math capabilities for the DoD and the Nation. SDO Director – Wears Many Hats: • Most senior-level individual in the DoD for S&T scholarship programs • Lead all aspects of STEM initiatives • Lead OSD collaborative efforts with Military Services and Defense Agencies – formulation of policies and practices to achieve STEM objectives • Manage National Defense Education Program SDO Priorities • OSTP and inter-agency coordination - Align with NSTC Federal STEM Education 5-Year Strategic Plan • DoD STEM Leadership • • • STEM Executive Board, Execute DoD STEM Strategic and Implementation Plans STEM investments – NDEP, Portfolio of DoD investments Utilize DoD Technical Workforce Model – analytics: workforce and education data Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release Background: NATIONAL AND DOD STEM Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release STEM Skills are Linked with U.S. Competitiveness Federal role – integrate STEM approaches across sectors to improve U.S. competitiveness Historical milestones – STEM competitiveness 1957 – Sputnik on-going supply/demand debates about the STEM workforce 1983 – “A Nation at Risk” lambasted the U.S. educational system 1995 – Congressional hearings about NSF’s deeply flawed S&E shortages forecasts 1999-2003 – NIH budget doubles 2001 – dot com bust 2007 – “Rising Above the Gathering Storm” (Pre-publication 2006) 2007 – America COMPETES Act (among other things, created President’s Council on Innovation and Competitiveness) 2009 & 2013 – President’s State of the Union – STEM a priority 2010 – America COMPETES Act (among other things, required OSTP to establish a committee to coordinate Federal STEM education programs and activities) 2011 – “Rising above the Gathering Storm Revisited: Rapidly Approaching Category 5” (pre-publication in 2010) Government Industry Academia Crisis: (1) Aging STEM workforce (2) U.S. industry unable to obtain high-quality workers with necessary skills (3) STEM diversity Policy directions: (1) Increase H-1B visas and (2) Increase U.S. participation in STEM Federal STEM Education 5-Year Strategic Plan Priorities 1) Improve STEM instruction (Lead agency: ED) 2) Increase and sustain youth and public engagement in STEM (Lead agency: Smithsonian Institution) 3) Enhance STEM experience of undergraduate students (Lead agency: NSF) 4) Better serve groups historically underrepresented in STEM fields (Lead agency: TBD) 5) Design graduate education for tomorrow’s STEM workforce (Lead agency: NSF) STEM Education Coordination Approaches 1) Build new models for leveraging assets and expertise. 2) Build and use evidence-based approaches. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release Key Milestones Shaping National Level STEM STEM interest spurred by the National Academies 2007 publication (prepublication 2006): Rising above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. PCAST* Report: “Prepare and Inspire” K-12 CoSTEM formed CoSTEM Report – Inventory of Federal STEM Investments GAO Report – STEM Strategic Planning Needed OMB FY 2014 PBR – Reorganization of Federal STEM investments OCT 2005 Department of Education Report: Academic Competitiveness Council GAO Report: Federal STEM Programs and Related Trends† Higher Education CoSTEM Report – Coordinating Federal STEM Investments *PCAST: President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology †No DoD STEM investments reported PCAST* Report: “Engage to Excel” Undergraduate Education NSTC - CoSTEM Federal STEM Education 5-Year Strategic Plan [the PBR] [p]repares students for careers in STEM-related fields by reorganizing and restructuring Federal STEM education programs to make better use of resources and improve outcomes; and invests in recruiting and preparing 100,000 STEM teachers and creating a new STEM Master Teachers Corps to improve STEM instruction. ~ PBR FY 2014 – “Overview: Equipping Americans with the Skills they Need” Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release One-third of DoD’s Civilian Workforce is in a STEM Occupational Series The DoD STEM Occupational Taxonomy – Civilian organizes ~110 occupational series into 12 categories. • Veterans: • ~40% of the DoD civilian workforce • 36% of those in STEM occupations • Overall, 66% of civilians in STEM occupational series hold a bachelor’s or higher degree, among the largest STEM occupational categories (68% of STEM): • Engineering: • • • Computer science and information technology: • • 49% veterans; 48% bachelor’s or higher 64% in STEM (24% in business) • Program management: • • 14% veterans; 98% bachelor’s or higher 92% in STEM (5% in business) 49% veterans; 58% bachelor’s or higher 27% in STEM (50% in business) To get more vets into STEM – need to increase educational attainment of Service members. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release Future U.S. and DoD STEM Workforce Capacity is Dependent on Diversity • • • • Innovation thrives on diversity (Herring 2009 and Kochan et al 2003) and the labor force is increasingly diverse U.S. corporations like Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, and Boeing have invested in a diverse STEM workforce Women are 47% of the U.S. workforce, 25% of U.S. STEM workforce and 28% of DoD STEM workforce 25% of U.S. workforce is African American and Latino but only 12% of U.S. STEM and 16% of DoD STEM workforces U.S. Workforce DoD Civilian Workforce STEM Jobs, US All Jobs, US Women, 47% Women, 25% Women, 34% Men 75% Men 53% Afr. Am. 11% Asian Am. 5% Afr. Am. 6% NonLatino White 70% Women, 28% Men 72% Men 66% Asian Am. 13% Afr. Am. 15% Latino 6% Latino 14% STEM Jobs, DOD All Jobs, DoD NonLatino White 75% Source: SDO analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau. 2011. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011. Shown are 2009 employment data for the civilian non-institutionalized population aged 16 and older. NonLatino White 72% Afr. Am. 11% Asian Am. 6% Latino 7% Asian Am. 7% Latino 5% NonLatino White 77% Source: SDO analysis of FY 2012 year-end Defense Manpower Data Center Civilian data, run 5 June 2013. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release Computing Jobs are in High Demand – with Potential Serious National, Federal and DoD Supply Shortfalls through 2020 Over the next decade, the U.S. will fall far short of meeting projected demand for bachelor’sdegreed computer science graduates – DoD has not sufficiently tapped women and minorities for these jobs. Cumulative Number of Positions / Graduates (in 1,000s) 3000 Ethnic Composition of Computer Science Bachelor’s Recipients, 1991 and 2011 Supply and Demand for New Bachelor's Degreed Computer Science Workers, 2010-2020 Demand 2500 1991 2000 2.1 M 1500 White 80% Other/ Unknown (U.S.) 2% Foreign 3% Underrepresented Minority 11% Asian American 4% 1000 500 Supply Gender Composition of Computer Science Bachelor’s Recipients, 1991 and 2011 2010 2012 2014 2016 2011 1991 Women 2020 2022 DoD Civilians 2012 34% 44% Men 2018 White 64% Other/ Unknown (U.S.) 8% Foreign 3% Underrepresented Minority 19% Asian American 6% Additional foreign BSCS from U.S. institutions 0 2008 2011 Ethnic diversity of DoD’s civilian employees with bachelor’s degrees in computer science (CS) is slightly better than recent graduating seniors. But representation of women with CS bachelor’s degrees is lower – 26% vs. 34%. 26% Source: SDO analysis of Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) degree data accessed via National Science Foundation (NSF) WebCASPAR database. Degree projections based on 2011 bachelor's degree earning rates by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin and citizenship from U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for July 1, 2011. The median time to a bachelor's degree is six years. Demand was based on occupational replacement rates derived from estimates by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012. Shown are cumulative distributions of projections from 2010-2020. DoD data are SDO analysis of DMDC year-end 2012 data. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release DoD Mission Critical Computing Occupations - Demography 2210: Federal-Wide and DoD Mission Critical Occupation 2210: Information Technology Management, 36,539 1550 Computer Science, 5,467 Recruitment and retention challenges • 2210 (Information Technology Management) differs compared to 1550 (Computer Science) • Much larger occupational series • Age profile is a mountain, not a bathtub • Education: Typically less than bachelor’s degree but varies greatly within 2210’s 12 career categories • Greater representation of veterans • More likely to be eligible to retire in the next 5 years 1550: Computer Science 2210: Info Tech Women 25% Women 26% Men 74% Eligible to Retire within 5 Years Info Tech: 31% Comp Sci: 24% Men 75% Afr. Am. 15% White 74% • Afr. Am. 8% Latino 4% Latino 6% Asian Am. 5% Veterans Info Tech: 58% Comp Sci: 19% Asian Am. 13% White 75% Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release Workforce Needs Drive DoD STEM Efforts • STEM skills and knowledge underpin DoD mission – Mission-essential workforce needs E.g., nuclear engineers, energetics SMEs, Naval architects – Mission Critical Occupations (MCOs) E.g., information technology, electronics and computer engineering • Aging workforce: impending retirement wave and “bathtub” demographics profile • Gender, ethnicity, and race: to meet future STEM workforce needs, DoD must foster and attract a more diverse population of STEM-competent employees • Veterans provide critical STEM skills to meet DoD workforce needs efficiently – e.g., information technology – Need to develop strong transition mechanism DoD funds STEM investments in disciplines that are critical to national security Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release DoD STEM Leadership DOD STEM EXECUTIVE BOARD Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release DoD STEM Executive Board To ensure that the Department has enduring access to a highly competent STEM workforce essential to deliver innovative solutions for the Nation's current and future defense challenges: DoD STEM Executive Board Organization Representation USD(I) [DHCMO] Department of Navy [CNR] USD(AT&L) [DASD(SE) & DAHCI] U.S. Army [DASA(RT)] U.S. Air Force [DASAFA(ST&E)] USD(P&R) [DASD(C&)] DoD STEM Executive Board (DASD(R) Chair) STEM Development Office STEM Working Group • Broadly improve STEM skills of students so as to expand and enhance the pool of individuals who might one day be able to contribute directly to DoD’s mission • Attract students to STEM fields relevant to future DoD workforce needs and career opportunities, both military and civilian • Ensure development of a sufficient supply of people with specific, unique DoD-essential STEM skills • Foster continuous STEM capability improvements for DoD employees Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release DoD STEM Strategic Plan Provides Direction and Guides Investments Vision A diverse, world-class STEM talent pool and workforce with the creativity and agility to meet national defense needs. Mission Ensure the Department has enduring access to a highly competent STEM workforce essential to deliver innovative solutions for the Nation's current and future defense challenges. Goals 1) Attract, develop, and retain a highly competent DoD STEM workforce, based on DoD requirements. 2) Maximize effectiveness of DoD STEM investments. 3) Codify DoD STEM policy. Approach 1) The DoD STEM Executive Board is responsible for execution and implementation of this Plan. 2) The Board will baseline workforce requirements, investments, and policy. 3) The Working Group will report annually to the Board on the achievement of these goals and objectives in accordance with Government Performance and Results Act. 4) The Board will make data-driven recommendations and decisions as necessary in alignment with the Program Objective Memorandum (POM) cycle. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release Alignment: Federal and DoD STEM Strategic Plans Vision Goal 1: Goal 2: Goal 3: Goal 4: Goal 5: Approaches [1] Federal STEM Education 5-Year Strategic Plan The U.S. has a well-qualified and increasingly diverse STEM workforce able to lead innovation in STEM-related industries and to fulfill CoSTEM agency workforce needs; American students have access to excellent P-12, postsecondary, and informal STEM education and learning opportunities; and Federal STEM education programs are based on evidence and are coordinated for maximum impact in priority areas. Improve STEM Instruction. (Lead agency: Department of Education) Increase and sustain youth and public engagement in STEM. (Lead agency: Smithsonian Institution) Enhance STEM experience of undergraduate students. (Lead agency: National Science Foundation) Better serve groups historically underrepresented in STEM fields (Lead agency: TBD) Design graduate education for tomorrow’s STEM workforce. (Lead agency: National Science Foundation) (1) Build new models for leveraging assets and expertise. (2) Build and use evidence-based approaches. DoD STEM Strategic Plan Vision: A diverse, world-class STEM talent pool and workforce with the creativity and agility to meet national defense needs. Mission: Ensure the Department has enduring access to a highly competent STEM workforce essential to deliver innovative solutions for the Nation’s current and future defense challenges. Goal 1: Attract, develop, and retain a highly competent DoD STEM workforce, based on DoD requirements. Objective 1.1: Develop and foster an engaged and diverse STEM talent pool. Goal 1: Attract, develop, and retain a highly competent DoD STEM workforce, based on DoD requirements. Objective 1.2: Attract and recruit a proficient, agile and effective STEM workforce. Goal 1: Attract, develop, and retain a highly competent DoD STEM workforce, based on DoD requirements. Objective 1.3: Retain a highly competent and diverse DoD STEM workforce. Goal 1, Objective 1.2: Attract and recruit a proficient, agile and effective STEM workforce. Goal 2: Maximize effectiveness of DoD STEM investments. The STEM Development Office will facilitate work of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (ASD(R&E))’s STEM Executive Board and its Working Group. In alignment with the Committee on Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education (CoSTEM) efforts. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release SDO STEM Portfolio – STEM Resources: NATIONAL DEFENSE EDUCATION PROGRAM Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release ASD(R&E) Investments in STEM STUDENTS - TEACHERS – SCHOOLS – INSTITUTES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION - COMMUNITIES - MEDIA - PUBLIC PRE-K & ELEMENTARY JUNIOR HIGH HIGH SCHOOL BACHELORS MASTERS DOCTORAL FACULTY K-12 EDUCATION* ASSURE VISION: A diverse, world-class STEM talent pool with the creativity and agility to meet national defense needs SE CAPSTONE SMART* HBCU / MI PROGRAM BASIC RESEARCH * Indicates NDEP Component Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release NDSEG NSSEFF* PECASE National Defense Education Program Purpose To attract, engage and develop current and future generations of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) talent to benefit DoD’s mission. Component Purpose Science, Mathematics, And Research for Transformation (SMART) Scholarship-for-service in STEM disciplines to educate, train, and retain DoD’s future technical workforce National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship (NSSEFF) Support scientific research that defines and advances emerging fields and may lead to breakthroughs for DoD; foster long term relationships between leading university researchers and DoD Pre-kindergarten-12 (PK-12) Build the STEM talent pool by connecting students, teachers and schools with DoD STEM professionals and research facilities Program Partners • Military Services and DoD Components • DoD Laboratories • U.S. Colleges and Universities • FFRDCs (e.g. Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) • Non-Profits (e.g., FIRST, MATHCOUNTS) Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release SMART OVERVIEW Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 19 SMART – Bottom Line Up Front Science Mathematics And Research for Transformation Purpose Approach SMART is a Scholarship-for-Service program designed to produce the next generation DoD S&T Leaders • S&T / STEM workforce is aging/retiring • Establish SMART Authorities (Directive Type Memorandum, DoDI, Privacy Act, etc.) • Selected 142 new SMART awardees for 2013. Cohort size based on available funding and continuing commitments • Requirements come directly from the Sponsoring Facilities • Increase STEM (including SMART) efficiency – increased retention of STEM professionals • Educational and internship expenses paid for by the program The SMART Program: • Provides funding to allow Participants to focus on school • Provides Participants with experience and exposure to DoD facilities and the DoD culture prior to graduation • 84% of SMART participants are retained in DoD employment beyond their service commitment • 97% of RT • Provides incentive for Participants to enter and work (recruitment) and current DoD employees (retention) to remain at DoD facilities $60 • • • $50 2005 was a pilot SMART annual funding is impacted by financial commitments required to sustain previous multi-year awards Increased funding requirements to sustain previous multi-year awards w/o commensurate funding increases reduced number of new awards Source: SDO analysisStatement of data providedA. byApproved SMART Program October, 2013. Distribution forOffice, public release $48.720 $48.789 Annual Funding ($ millions) New SMART Awardees per Year (All Degree Levels) SMART Funding (All Degree Levels) $46.867 $40 $43.325 $31.167 $30 $27.108 $25.047 $20 $13.825 $10 $0 $8.451 $2.106 20 SMART Scholarship Overview Eligibility Requirements Participant (Scholar) Benefits • U.S. citizen • • 18 years of age or older • Minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0 (on a 4.0 scale) Full tuition and fees (up to five years) for AA (very rare), BS, MS, and PhD degrees at any accredited college or university in the U.S. • Pursuing degree in one of 19 approved STEM disciplines with interest in research • Annual stipend from $25,000 to $38,000 (Prior to 2012: $25,000 to $41,800) • Can accept both recruitment (new) and retention (current DoD employees) as scholars • Security clearance (SECRET) • Paid Summer internships (average 10 weeks) • Ability to obtain/maintain a security clearance • Book and health insurance allowances • Ability to complete 8-12 week summer internships • Experienced Mentor at a DoD Facility • Willing to accept postgraduation employment w/DoD • Post-graduation employment At least 1:1 Post-Graduation Service Commitment Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 21 SMART Graduate Students and Degrees SMART: Degrees Awarded (2005-2012) 250 200 188 200 150 100 46 50 31 0 Master's RC Master's RT PhD RC PhD RT Source: SDO analysis of data provided by SMART Program Office, October, 2013. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 22 SMART CONTEXT – DEMAND SIGNALS Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 23 Context: Educational Level of DoD New Hires, FY 2000 and FY 2012 The education level of DoD new hires has increased since 2000. Source: SDO analysis of Defense Manpower Data Center, Civilian Personnel File, September 30, 2000 and September 30, 2012. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 24 DoD Civilian New Hires with Graduate Degrees – Fields of Study, 2012 Fields of Degrees: Master’s-Degreed New Hires, 2012 (n = 3,580) All other, 810, 23% S&E, 946, 26% Fields of Degrees: Doctoral-Degreed New Hires, 2012 (n = 786) All other, 194, 24% S&E, 312, 40% Medical and health, 352, 10% Education, 543, 15% Business, 929, 26% Medical and health, 243, 31% Business, Education, 8, 1% 29, 4% At the master’s level, DoD hires similar numbers of S&Es and business majors but at the doctoral level, S&Es account for more than other degree fields. Note: S&E degree fields include the 19 SMART disciplines and all other areas of science and engineering as defined by the National Science Foundation. Source: SDO analysis of Defense Manpower Data Center, Civilian Personnel File, September 30, 2012. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 25 Degree Fields of Master’s-Degreed DoD Civilian New Hires, 2000 and 2012 Business 929 425 Engineering 433 266 200 199 Social sciences & psychology Computer/info sciences 59 Life sciences 60 53 Physical & geosciences 51 45 175 2012 2000 27 29 Mathematics 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Number of Master's Degrees among New Hires DoD hired substantially more master’s of business, computer/info sciences and engineering in 2012 versus 2000. Source: SDO analysis of Defense Manpower Data Center, Civilian Personnel File, September 30, 2000 and September 30, 2012. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 26 Degree Fields of Doctoral-Degreed DoD Civilian New Hires, 2000 and 2012 Social sciences & psychology 105 69 83 Engineering 52 Physical & geosciences Life sciences 38 Mathematics 9 Computer/info sciences 8 Business 0 92 46 15 2012 2000 11 5 90 13 20 40 60 80 100 120 Number of Doctoral Degrees among New Hires DoD hired substantially more doctor’s of business, computer/info sciences and engineering in 2012 versus 2000. Source: SDO analysis of Defense Manpower Data Center, Civilian Personnel File, September 30, 2000 and September 30, 2012. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 27 Bachelor’s and Master’s Newhires in SMART Degree Fields Bachelor's Degree New Hires: SMART Degree Fields Master's Degree New Hires: SMART Degree Fields 1800 700 Life & psych sci 1600 1400 Number 1000 Computer & info sci 800 Physical & geo sci 600 Number Math & OR 1200 Life & psych sci 600 500 Math & OR 400 Computer & info sci 300 Physical & geo sci 200 400 Engineering Engineering 100 200 0 0 2000 2012 2000 2012 Occupational Field Categories Aligned with DoD STEM Taxonomy - Civilian Engineering Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering Chemical Engineering Civil Engineering Electrical Engineering Industrial and Systems Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Mechanical Engineering Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Nuclear Engineering Physical Sciences Chemistry Geosciences Oceanography Physics Life & psych Biosciences Cognitive, Neural, and Behavioral Sciences Computer & info sci Computer and Computational Sciences Information Sciences Math & OR Mathematics Operations Research Source: SDO analysis of Defense Manpower Data Center, Civilian Personnel File, September 30, 2000 and September 30, 2012. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 28 SMART Requirements* Generation • Requirements are approved and prioritized by a SMART board for each Service • Each sponsoring facility is requested to determine the following for each requirement: • Number of scholars • Disciplines (19 SMART disciplines) • Degree level (Bachelor’s, Master’s, PhD) • Duty site • Each sponsoring facility is required to commit to: • Provide a summer internship assignment • Provide a mentor • Place SMART participants into a permanent position upon graduation * Demand signal from sponsoring facilities Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 29 Graduate Degrees Awarded to SMART Participants Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 30 SMART Sponsoring Facilities’ 2013 Graduate Demand Signal Source: SDO analysis of data provided by SMART Service Liaisons, August, 2013. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 31 Graduate Degree Award Data • SMART participants predominantly attend civilian institutions • Only 9 of 465 attended AFIT or NPS • 3 retention • 6 recruitment • 456 – attended one of 140 civilian institutions Master’s and Doctoral Graduates in SMART Top Two Science and Top Two Engineering Fields Total: Master's and Graduated from a Doctoral Degrees "Top 25" Institution RC RT RC RT Degree Field Engineering Electrical eng. Mechanical eng. Sciences Computer & computational Cognitive, neural & behavioral 85 55 19 8 40% 47% 32% 25% 41 16 17 2 27% 13% 35% 0% “Top 25” institutions based on 2014 U.S. News and World Report rankings of U.S. graduate programs. Source: SDO analysis of data provided by SMART Program Office, October, 2013. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 32 Engineering Sciences SMART Sponsoring Facilities’ Demand Signal and Overall Graduate Degree Outcomes Masters Annual Discipline Demand Average Computer & Computational Sci. 25 5 Cognitive, Neural, & Behavioral Sci. 4 <1 Chemistry 6 <1 Biosciences 3 <1 Physics 7 <1 Mathematics 4 1 Information Sciences 3 <1 Oceanography 2 <1 0 1 Geosciences Electrical Eng. 34 8 Mechanical Eng. 23 6 Aeronautical & Astronautical Eng. 7 4 Chemical Eng. 5 <1 Materials Science and Eng. 5 1 Operations Research 7 2 Industrial and Systems Eng. 8 1 Naval Architecture and Ocean Eng. 6 1 Nuclear Eng. 2 <1 Civil Eng. 6 3 157 35 Total Degrees PhD Demand 14 12 8 7 6 4 2 0 0 30 27 7 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 136 Annual Average 3 2 2 2 2 1 <1 <1 <1 7 3 3 1 2 <1 1 <1 <1 1 31 *Annual average computed with a denominator of 7: only 2 scholars graduated in 2005. Yellow highlighting indicates top two science and top two engineering fields with respect to demand. Source: SDO analysis of data provided by SMART Service Liaisons, August, 2013. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 33 Institutions the have Conferred Degrees to SMART Scholars – Ranked by Largest Number of SMART Degrees within Level Doctoral Degree Institutions University of Florida Georgia Institute of Technology Purdue University Texas A & M University Virginia Tech Arizona State University North Carolina State University Pennsylvania State University University of Central Florida University of Michigan - Ann Arbor University of Washington Auburn University Main Campus Clemson University Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute University of California-Santa Barbara University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Maryland - College Park University of Texas at Austin Vanderbilt University Brigham Young University Carnegie Mellon University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Naval Postgraduate School University of Connecticut University of New Mexico-Main Campus University of Wisconsin-Madison 12 9 8 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Source: SDO analysis of data provided by SMART Program Office, October, 2013. Master’s Degree Institutions Georgia Institute of Technology University of California - San Diego Virginia Tech Stanford University Utah State University University of Central Florida Brigham Young University Columbia University University of Florida University of Maryland - College Park University of Utah University of Wisconsin-Madison Auburn University Main Campus Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Stevens Institute of Technology University of Michigan - Ann Arbor University of Pennsylvania University of Texas at Austin Air Force Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Pennsylvania State University Purdue University San Diego State University Texas A & M University University of California - Berkeley University of Colorado at Boulder University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Kansas University of Southern California Worcester Polytechnic Institute Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 12 12 11 10 8 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 34 Universities Conferring Degrees in Top Two SMART Sciences Fields (Demand) Computer and Computational Sciences University of California - San Diego University of Central Florida University of Utah Brigham Young University Carnegie Mellon University Columbia University Naval Postgraduate School Texas A & M University University of Notre Dame University of Pennsylvania Total 5 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Computer and Computational Sciences – One degree each Air Force Institute of Technology Arizona State University Clark Atlanta University College of Charleston Colorado School of Mines Cornell University George Mason University Georgia Institute of Technology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana University-Purdue University Indpls. Louisiana Tech University Loyola Marymount University Rochester Institute of Technology Rutgers Syracuse University The University of Texas at Dallas University of Alabama at Birmingham University of California - Berkeley University of California - Davis University of California-Santa Barbara University of Florida University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Kansas University of Maryland - College Park University of New Mexico-Main Campus University of Southern California University of Virginia Vanderbilt University Virginia Tech Washington University in St Louis Western Michigan University Wright State University Cognitive, Neural and Behavioral Sciences Clemson University University of Central Florida Arizona State University Brown University Carnegie Mellon University Emory University George Mason University SUNY College at New Paltz University of Texas at El Paso University of Cincinnati University of Denver University of Maryland - College Park University of Nevada - Reno University of Texas at Austin Washington State University Washington University in St Louis 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Shading indicates institutions in the most recent (2014) list of top programs by U.S. News Source: SDO analysis of data provided by SMART Program Office, October, 2013. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 35 Universities the have Conferred Degrees to SMART Scholars in Top Two SMART Engineering Fields (Based on Demand) Electrical Engineering Auburn Univ. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Univ. of California - San Diego Univ. of Central Florida Georgia Institute of Technology Purdue Univ. Univ. of Florida Univ. of Washington Columbia Univ. Texas A & M Univ. Arizona State Univ. Utah State Univ. Stanford Univ. Univ. of California-Santa Barbara Univ. of Michigan - Ann Arbor Univ. of Minnesota - Twin Cities Virginia Tech Boston Univ. Brigham Young Univ. Clarkson Univ. Clemson Univ. North Carolina State Univ. San Diego State Univ. Univ. of Louisville Univ. of Pennsylvania Worcester Polytechnic Institute Mechanical Engineering 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Virginia Tech Pennsylvania State Univ. Purdue Univ. Univ. of Florida Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison Utah State Univ. Brigham Young Univ. Case Western Reserve Univ. Georgia Institute of Technology Stanford Univ. Univ. of Utah Villanova Univ. 6 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 Shading indicates institutions in the most recent (2014) list of top programs by U.S. News Source: SDO analysis of data provided by SMART Program Office, October, 2013. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 36 BACKUP SLIDES Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 37 SMART Authorities: Title 10 U.S.C. Section 2192a § 2192a. Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation (SMART) Defense Education Program (d) EMPLOYMENT OF PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS,— The Secretary of Defense— (1) may, without regard to any provision of title 5 governing appointment of employees to competitive service positions within the Department of Defense, appoint to a position in the Department of Defense in the excepted service an (a) REQUIREMENT FOR PROGRAM—The Secretary of Defense shall carry out a program to provide financial individual who has successfully completed an academic program for which a scholarship or fellowship under this assistance for education in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology skills and disciplines that, as determined by the section was awarded and who, under the terms of the agreement for such scholarship or fellowship, at the time of such Secretary, are critical to the national security functions of the Department of Defense and are needed in the Department of appointment, owes a service commitment to the Department; and Defense workforce. (2) may, upon satisfactory completion of 2 years of substantially continuous service by an incumbent who was appointed to an excepted service position under the authority of paragraph (1), convert the appointment of such individual, without (b) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.— competition, to a career or career conditional appointment. (1) Under the program under this section, the Secretary of Defense may award a scholarship or fellowship in accordance with this section to a person who— (e) REFUND FOR PERIOD OF UNSERVED OBLIGATED SERVICE.— (1) (A) is a citizen of the United States; (A) A participant in the program under this section who is not an employee of the Department of Defense and who volun(B) is pursuing an associates degree, undergraduate degree, or advanced degree in a critical skill or discipline tarily fails to complete the educational program for which financial assistance has been provided under this section, or fails described in subsection (a) at an accredited institution of higher education; and to maintain satisfactory academic progress as determined in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of (C) enters into a service agreement with the Secretary of Defense as described in subsection (c). Defense, shall refund to the United States an appropriate amount, as determined by the Secretary. (2) The amount of the financial assistance provided under a scholarship or fellowship awarded (B) A participant in the program under this section who is an employee of the Department of Defense and who— to a person under this subsection shall be the amount determined by the Secretary of Defense as being necessary to pay (i) voluntarily fails to complete the educational program for which financial assistance has been provided, or all educational expenses incurred by that person, including tuition, fees, cost of books, laboratory expenses, equipment fails to maintain satisfactory academic progress as determined in accordance with regulations prescribed by the expenses, and expenses of room and board, Secretary; or (ii) before completion of the period of obligated service required of such participants— (3) Financial assistance provided under a scholarship or fellowship awarded under this section may be paid directly to the (I) voluntarily terminates such participant’s employment with the Department; or recipient of such scholarship or fellowship or to an administering entity for disbursement of the funds. (II) is removed from such participant’s employment with the Department on the basis of misconduct, shall refund the United States an appropriate amount, as determined by the Secretary. (c) SERVICE AGREEMENT FOR RECIPIENTS OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE— (2) An obligation to reimburse the United States imposed under paragraph (1) is for all purposes a debt owed to the United (1) To receive financial assistance under this section— States. (A) in the case of an employee of the Department of Defense, the employee shall enter into a written agreement (3) The Secretary of Defense may waive, in whole or in part, a refund required under paragraph (1) if the Secretary to continue in the employment of the department for the period of obligated service determined under paragraph (2); and determines that recovery would be against equity and good conscience or would be contrary to the best interests of the United (B) in the case of a person not an employee of the Department of Defense, the person shall enter into a written States. agreement to accept and continue employment in the Department of Defense for the period of obligated service de- (4) A discharge in bankruptcy under title 11 that is entered less than five years after the termination of an agreement under this section does not discharge the person signing such agreement from a debt arising under such agreement or under this termined under paragraph (2). (2) For the purposes of this subsection, the period of obligated service for a recipient of financial assistance under this subsection. section shall be the period determined by the Secretary of Defense as being appropriate to obtain adequate service in exchange for such financial assistance. The period of service required of a recipient may not be less than the total (f) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PROGRAMS—The Secretary of Defense shall coordinate the provision of financial assistance under the authority of this section with the provision of financial assistance under the other authorities provided in this period of pursuit of a degree that is covered by such financial assistance. The period of obligated service is in addition chapter in order to maximize the benefits derived by the Department of Defense from the exercise of all such authorities. to any other period for which the recipient is obligated to serve in the civil service of the United States. (3) An agreement entered into under this subsection by a person pursuing an academic degree shall include any terms and (g) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION DEFINED—In this section, the term “institution of higher education” has conditions that the Secretary of Defense determines necessary to protect the interests of the United States or otherwise the meaning given such term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). appropriate for carrying out this section. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 38 Data Sources • Defense Manpower Data Center, Civilian Personnel Files, September 30, 2000 and 2012: unit record data on DoD civilian personnel – year-end files. • SMART Service Liaisons: data on demand requested from sponsoring facilities. The four SMART Service Liaisons (Army, Navy, Air Force and 4th Estate) provide connections between the program office, students, and the sponsoring facilities. • SMART Program Office: data typically pulled from the SMART Information Management System (database). Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 39 Additional SMART Information For general program information http://smart.asee.org/ Email: [email protected] Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release 40