Transcript Medical Terminology

Basic Medical
Terminology 1
Introduction
 Medical words are used daily



media
doctors, nurses
working life
 Examples



arthritis
hepatitis
anemia
 Useful to learn medical terminology
Objectives
 Enable you to understand the common
medical terms
 Allow you to explore and learn the
vocabulary of the medical field
 Equip you with knowledge useful for
daily work in the health care setting
Lecture Schedule
 Lecture 1
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
Introduction
Word Structure and Analysis
Suffixes
 Lecture 2
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
Prefixes
Enlarging your medical vocabulary
Introduction to Medical
Terminology
Introduction
 Most medical terms come from

Greek language
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diagnosis, surgery
Latin languages

anatomical names
 Many sound mysterious

but can be easily worked out
Word Structure
 All words have a word root
 eg:
trans/port
ex/port
 Compound words
 words
 eg:
with 2 or more roots
grand-father
fire-fighter
Word Structure
 Vowel



often added to a root word
allows formation of a compound word
makes pronunciation easier
 Combining form
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word root + vowel
eg:
therm/o/meter
micr/o/scope
Word Structure
 Suffix


attached to root
eg:
practition-er
 Medical terms


like jigsaw puzzle
divided into several parts
 Example

HEMATOLOGY

HEMAT / O / LOGY
Word Analysis
 1st step


look at end of the word
suffix
HEMAT/O/LOGY
Suffix
 2nd step
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
(“study of”)
look at beginning
root word

gives meaning of term
Root
(“blood”)
 3rd step
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combining vowel
usually consists of vowel “o”
Combining
vowel
Word Analysis
HEMAT / O / LOGY
Root
(“blood”)
Combining
vowel
 the study of blood
Suffix
(“study of”)
Electr/o/cardi/o/gram
Root
Root
Suffix
 suffix
 “gram” - a record
 1st root
 “electr” - electricity
 2nd root
 “cardi” - heart
 combining vowel
 “o” -connects roots with suffix
Word Analysis
Electrocardiogram

record of the electricity in the heart
 combining form
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combining vowel + root
eg:
cardi/o
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heart
eg:
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electr/o
electricity
Gastr/o/enter/o/logy
Root
Root
Suffix
 Suffix

logy
 1st combining form

gastr/o
 2nd combining form

enter/o
 study of the stomach and intestines
Word Analysis
 Gastr/o/scope

suffix

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
instrument to visually examine
combining form

scope
gastr/o
stomach
instrument to visually examine the stomach
Word Analysis
 Gastr/ic
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suffix
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
root
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adjective: pertaining to
combining vowel is dropped when suffix begins
with a vowel
stomach
pertaining to stomach
Word Analysis
 Cardi/ac
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suffix
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
root
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adjective: pertaining to
combining vowel dropped
heart
pertaining to the heart
Word Analysis
 Enter/itis
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suffix
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root
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inflammation
combing vowel dropped
intestines
inflammation of the intestines
Suffixes
Suffixes
 attached to the end of root words to further its
meaning
 2 groups
 those that describe diagnoses
 describe condition of patient
 those that describe procedures
Diagnostic Suffixes
 -algia
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pain
eg:
neuralgia
arthralgia
 -itis
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inflammation
eg:
arthritis
carditis
Diagnostic Suffixes
 -ia
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
a state or condition
eg:
bradycardia
pneumonia
 -osis
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
abnormal condition
eg:
neurosis
Diagnostic Suffixes
 -iasis
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
condition, formation of
presence of stone (lith-)
eg:
nephrolithiasis
 -genic
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origin, producing
eg:
neurogenic causes
pathogenic bacteria
Diagnostic Suffixes
 -emia
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
condition involving blood
eg:
anemia
septicemia, bacteremia
 -megaly
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enlargement
eg:
acromegaly
hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly
Diagnostic Suffixes
 -oma
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tumor, swelling
eg:
breast adenoma
 -oid
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being like, resembling
eg:
uterine fibroid
 -lysis
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break down, loosening
eg:
hemolysis
Procedural Suffixes
 describe medical procedures
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looking into body parts
types of surgical repair
removal of body part
 examples
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-ectomy
-otomy
-scopy
Procedural Suffixes
 -ectomy
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excision of, removal of
may or may not remove entire organ
eg:
tonsillectomy
hepatectomy
 -otomy
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a surgical incision
eg:
craniotomy, laparotomy
Procedural Suffixes
 -centesis
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surgical puncture with a needle
eg:
amniocentesis
thoracocentesis
 -scopy
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insertion of an instrument to visualize
eg:
gastroscopy, cystoscopy
Procedural Suffixes
 -plasty
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
surgical correction, plastic
repair
eg:
hip arthroplasty
 -ostomy
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
operation to create
opening (stoma)
eg:
colostomy
Other Suffixes
 do not fit into either category
 -logy
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
study of
eg:
biology
cardiology
 -form
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
shape
eg:
deformed
Other Suffixes
 -gram, -graph
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
a written record
eg:


electrocardiogram
polygraph machine
 measures several
parameters
Other Suffixes
 -graphy
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
process of recording
eg:
photography
Review
 Root word

gives essential meaning of term
 Suffix

word end
 Combining vowel

connects root to suffix /other roots
 Combining form

combination of root and combining vowel
QUIZ TIME
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1.
All words have a
A.
B.
C.
root
vowel
prefix
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
2. The root in the medical term “tonsillitis” is
A. itis
B. sill
C. tonsill
3. “Fasciotomy” is an example of a
A. simple word
B. compound word
C. combining word
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
4. When you analyze a medical term, begin at the
A. beginning of the word
B. middle of the word
C. end of the word
5. Adding a vowel to a root results in a
A. prefix
B. combining form
C. complex word
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
6. Which of the following can be used to divide
words into their word parts?
A. /
B. =
C. …
7. Which of the following combinations do not
need a combining vowel?
A. dermat + itis
B. micr + scopy
C. dermat + logy
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
8. Combining forms
A. are always used to end a medical term
B. are never connected to a suffix
C. are never used to end a medical term
9. The word gastroduodenoscopy has
A. 1 root
B. 2 roots
C. 3 roots
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
10.
A.
B.
C.
In the word “ physiology”, the suffix is
phy
physio
logy
Divide each of the following words into their
component parts
Word
Cardiologist
Root word Combining Vowel Suffix
Cardi
o
logist
Bi
Mamm
Mammogram
Bronchoscopy Bronch
Arthr
Arthritis
Biology
o
o
o
-
logy
gram
scopy
itis
Inguinal
Inguin
-
al
Pneumonia
Pneumon
-
ia
Oncologist
Onc
o
logist