Transcript Slajd 1 - Auschwitz

The multimedia presentation contains visual
materials used in the book “Voices of Memory, part
5”. All volumes are available at the Auschwitz
Museum’s
online
bookshop
at
www.auschwitz.org.pl
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
A page from the main record book (Hauptbuch) of the Roma camp
for men, featuring boys born in the “Gypsy family camp,” the
Zigeunerfamilienlager. “Birkenau” is entered in the column for place of birth.
Source: APMA-B, Main record book of the Roma camp for men, p. 243.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
A page from the main record book (Hauptbuch) of the Roma camp for women,
featuring girls born in the “Gypsy family camp,” the Zigeunerfamilienlager. “Birkenau b.
Auschwitz” is entered in the column for place of birth.
Source: APMA-B, Main record book of the Roma camp for women, p. 575.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Report of September 11, 1944 from the commandant of Stutthof Concentration
Camp informing the WVHA (SS Main Economic and Administrative Office) about the transfer
the previous day from Stutthof to Auschwitz of 573 Jewish prisoners
(youths and mothers with children), as well as mothers with children and pregnant women of
non-Jewish (arisch) origins.
Source: APMA-B, Transport lists from Stutthof to Auschwitz, microfilm no. 1764/35.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Document reporting the daily count of women prisoners in the Birkenau
women’s camp on December 25, 1944. The number of newly born children is
listed (Neugeborene Kinder – 3).
Source: APMA-B, Stärkemeldung, AuII – FKL, p. 126.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Receipt for foodstuffs obtained from camp food storage for pregnant women and
breastfeeding mothers in the women’s camp in Birkenau, January 10, 1945.
Starting in 1944, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers obtained “dietetic” food.
Instead of a portion of bread and a herbal infusion, they received half a roll baked from
white flour and half a liter of soup (oatmeal or gruel) made with skim milk, morning and
evening.
Source: APMA-B, D-AuI – 4/20, vol. 1, p. 12.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Stanisława Leszczyńska, born in Łódź on May 8, 1896, trained as a midwife. Arrested
together with her daughter and two sons in February 1943 for aiding persons wanted by
the Gestapo. Sent to Auschwitz on April 17, 1943 and given number 41335. (Her
daughter Sylwia, also deported to Auschwitz, was number 41336.) After several
weeks in quarantine, she was assigned to work in the women’s hospital, the so-called
Revier, as a midwife. She held this job until the end, when the camp was liberated on
January 27, 1945. She died in 1974.
1970 photograph (APMA-B, negative no. 16650).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Camp letter written by Stanisława Leszczyńska, dated December 3, 1944. On the form is information that prisoner Stanisława Leszczyńska, born May 8, 1896,
prisoner number 41335, was quartered in block no. 28 in sector BIIe. Source: APMA-B, Camp letters, vol. 35, p. 17.
In connection with plans for the evacuation and liquidation of the camp, the SS authorities decided in November 1944 to move all the prisoners in Birkenau to
sector BII. The hospital for women prisoners was moved from sector BIa to BIIe, where the Zigeunerlager had previously been located.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Anna Fefferling (named Gomez after the war), a Polish Jewish woman from Warsaw, was sent to Auschwitz on February 12, 1943 from
the prison in Radom. Unrecognized, she was registered as a Pole under her maiden name Katz and obtained number 35133. She was
in the advanced stages of pregnancy when she arrived in Auschwitz, and gave birth to her son Józef in the camp on April 28, 1943. For
several months, the child was concealed from the camp authorities. At a later period, he was registered and received number 155910.
Mother and son were liberated from Auschwitz on January 27, 1943.
(APMA-B). See her account on p. 39.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Józef, the son of Anna Fefferling.
Photograph taken soon after liberation. (APMA-B, neg. no. 2348).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Stefania Homik, born November 5, 1918 in Krzeczowice (Podkarpackie province, Poland). Arrested in Laubendorf, Germany, where
she had been transported as a slave laborer, she was sent to Auschwitz in a mass transport on January 19, 1943 and registered as prisoner
no. 29592. She was then in the third or fourth month of pregnancy. She gave birth to her son Jerzy in the camp on June 27, 1943.
Her child was taken from her several months later and she never saw him again. She remained in Auschwitz until liberation.
(APMA-B; see her account on p. 41).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Personal file card for prisoner no. 155909, Jerzy Homik, born in the camp on June 27, 1943. He was taken from his mother and departed
Auschwitz for an unknown destination on January 19, 1944.
Source: APMA-B, D-AuI-3a/408-692, vol. 4, p. 400.
Międzynarodowe Centrum Edukacji o Auschwitz i Holokauście
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Documents and photographs
Official birth certificate (Geburtsurkunde) for Auschwitz prisoner
Ryszard Kulpa, born in the camp on August 6, 1943. The document
was issued by the camp Civil Registry Office (Standesamt II). The
mother, Zofia Kulpa, was born in Kłobukowice on January 8, 1920
and arrested as a hostage in place of her husband Franciszek, who
belonged to the resistance movement. Her parents and her threeyearold daughter Irena were arrested along with her. After the initial
investigation, Irena and her grandparents were sent to the Polenlager
in Racibórz; Zofia was placed in block 2a in Auschwitz at the
disposition of the investigative jail in Mysłowice. She was arrested as
a result of the Oderberg Aktion, directed against Polish families in
Silesia and the Dąbrowa Basin. On March 5, 1943, Zofia was designated
political prisoner 37577 and transferred to the women’s camp
in Birkenau in spite of the fact that she was pregnant. After she gave
birth, the determined intervention of her relatives led to her being
released from Auschwitz together with her son. Her husband Franciszek
was later arrested and executed in Mysłowice. The Germans
confiscated all the couple’s belongings, including their house.
Source: APMA-B, Geburtsurkunde Fond, D-AuI-2/1, vol. 1, p. 1.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Official notification of the release of prisoner no. 37577, Zofia Kulpa, issued by the office of the commandant of Auschwitz and dated
August 20, 1943. In the lower left-hand corner is an annotation placing her under an obligation to report daily to the police in Sosnowiec.
Source: APMA-B, D-AuI-I/68, vol. 2, p. 4.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Józefa Alf, born February 1, 1911 and sent to Auschwitz in a transport of women from Radom on January 22, 1943, at which time she
was pregnant. Registered under number 30558, she gave birth on August 16 to a son, Józef, who was taken from her and transferred
out of the camp. Józefa never saw her son again. She was in Auschwitz until January 1945, when she was transferred to Ravensbrück.
She was liberated at the Neustadt-Glewe camp. (APMA-B).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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Documents and photographs
Personal file card for prisoner 155912, Marek Józef Alf, born in Auschwitz on August 16, 1943. He was taken from his mother and
transferred on October 11, 1944, probably to the camp for children from the east (Ost Jugendverwahrlager der Sicherheitspolizei in
Tuchingen) in Konstantynów near Łódź. His mother’s efforts to locatehim after the war failed.
Source: APMA-B, A-AuI-3a/88-407, vol. 3, p. 19.
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Documents and photographs
Stanisława Galek, Auschwitz prisoner number 34349, sent to the camp on February 5, 1943 in a transport of Poles and Jews expelled
from the Zamość region. She was in the early months of pregnancy. She gave birth to her son Tadeusz in the camp on September 6, 1943.
The child was taken from her and transferred to the UWZ (Umwandererzentrale) resettlement center in Potulice (UWZ Lager LebrechtsdorfPotulitz). Stanisława survived Auschwitz but never managed to trace her son. (APMA-B).
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Documents and photographs
Tadeusz Galek. The boy was taken from his mother and transferred
for Germanization to the camp in Potulice on October 11, 1944. After
liberation, he was one of a group of orphans taken to Będzin, where
he was adopted by a Polish family. Only after his mother’s death did
Stanisław discover his true family.
Photograph taken after the war. (APMA-B, neg. no. 24 169/3).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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Documents and photographs
Personal file card for child prisoner Tadeusz Galek, born in Auschwitz on September 6, 1943 and registered as prisoner number 155915.
Source: APMA-B, D-Au I – 3a/408-692, vol. 4, p. 133.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Official death certificate for Vladimir Karpeniuk, son of Natalia
Karpeniuk. He was born in Auschwitz on September 19, 1943 and
died there on November 14, 1943. The listed cause of death is
“complications of gastroenteritis.”
Source: APMA-B, Sterbebuch, vol. 22/2/43, p. 775.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Official death certificate for Natalia Karpeniuk, born December
31, 1921 in Antonov, USSR. In Auschwitz, she gave birth to a son,
Vladimir, on September 19, 1943. She died in Auschwitz on December
22, 1943. The listed cause of death is “pulmonary inflammation.”
Source: APMA-B, Sterbebuch, vol. 25/2/43, p. 777.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Official death certificate for the child Anton Juratovic, born in Auschwitz
on December 14, 1943, son of a Yugoslavian Auschwitz prisoner,
Marica Juratovic. Anton died in Auschwitz on December 29, at the
age of fifteen days.
Source: APMA-B, Sterbebuch, D-AuI-2/47, vol. 25, p. 862.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Vera Moskaleva (after the war: Yuzhenko) with her daughter Galina, who was born in Auschwitz. Vera was deported to Auschwitz from
Vitebsk on October 22, 1943 and designated number 65908. She was pregnant at the time. She gave birth to her daughter on January 28,
1944. Galina was tattooed with number 75015 two days after birth. Mother and daughter were liberated on January 27, 1945.
Postwar photograph. (APMA-B, neg. no. 16352).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Leokadia Stawska, sent to Auschwitz from Lublin on October 3, 1943
and designated number 64055. (APMA-B, neg. no. 2455/1).
Teresa Stawska, born March 7, 1944 in Auschwitz and registered
with a number above 75000; the tattooed number is illegible. Teresa
and her mother were liberated in Auschwitz on January 27, 1945.
Photograph taken soon after liberation in 1945. (APMA-B, neg. no.
16194).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
A child born in Auschwitz with her adoptive mother Bronisława
Wesołowska. The child is probably Katia Kulik, born April 27, 1944
and probably registered as number 79528. The girl’s mother, Fiedora
Ustinovna Kulik, number 61985, was sent to Auschwitz from Vitebsk
on September 9, 1943 together with other civilians from Byelorussia
following pacification operations there in reprisal for partisan
attacks. The mother probably died in Auschwitz after giving birth
to twins. One of the twins, a boy, also died. The girl, given the name
Basia, was deported in October to the camp in Potulice (UWZ Lager
Lebrechtsdorf-Potulitz). After the liberation of that camp, she was
one of a group of orphans taken to Będzin. There, she was adopted
by Wesołowska and her husband.
Photograph taken in Będzin in 1945. (APMA-B, neg. no. 4712).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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Documents and photographs
Stanisława Perończyk with her daughter Barbara. The mother was
in the third month of pregnancy when she was deported to Auschwitz
on November 13, 1943 along with her husband Stefan. She was
registered as prisoner number 67849, and Stefan as number 162735.
Stanisława gave birth to a daughter in Auschwitz on May 17, 1944.
During registration, the girl had the number 79496 tattooed on her
left thigh. Mother and child were liberated in Auschwitz. Stefan died
during the evacuation of Mauthausen Concentration Camp, to which
he was transferred from Auschwitz on December 4, 1944.
Photograph taken in Chrzanów in 1945. (APMA-B, neg. no. 22 677/1).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Ilona Pal, a Jewish woman from Hungary, born 1910 and arrested in
Budapest by the Hungarian police in May 1944. She and her parents
family were deported to Auschwitz at the end of June. She was in the
sixth month of pregnancy at the time of deportation. An experimental
surgical abortion was performed on her in the camp. (APMA-B,
microfilm no. 78497).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Nadezhda Dorofeyevna Feshchenko-Katsayeva, prisoner number 73892, of Russian origin, with her son Nikolai. Born in Auschwitz
on July 23, 1944, Nikolai’s camp number was probably 187971 (the number tattooed on his left arm is partially illegible). Nadezhda was
deported to Auschwitz in a mass transport on December 22, 1943. She and her son were liberated in Auschwitz on January 27, 1945.
Photograph from the 1960s. (APMA-B, neg. no. 22522/1).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Photograph showing the tattooed numbers on the arms of mother
and son. (APMA-B, neg. no. 22522/2).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Anna Polshchikova, born September 1, 1919, Auschwitz prisoner
number 75560, with her son Viktor. Born in Auschwitz on October
15, 1944, Viktor was registered as prisoner number 199784. Anna
was sent to Auschwitz on February 22, 1944 in a mass transport from
a prison in Vienna, where she had been sent as a slave laborer. Mother
and son were in Auschwitz until liberation on January 27, 1945.
See Anna’s memoir on p. 48.
Photograph taken in Yalta after returning from the camp. (APMA-B, neg. no.
21621/5).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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Documents and photographs
Original prisoner tag with the camp number of the child Viktor. His mother, Anna Polshchikova, was required to sew it on the infant’s
nightshirt. (APMA-B, neg. no. 21621/4).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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Documents and photographs
A kilim rug that prisoner Anna Polshchikova salvaged from Auschwitz at liberation. She wrapped her son Viktor in it when leaving the
camp. She donated the kilim to the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum in 1995. (Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum Collections).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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Documents and photographs
Certificate issued by the Soviet military repatriation point in Cracow on February 27, 1945 to former Auschwitz prisoner Anna Polshchikova,
who was returning to her home in Yalta, together with her son Viktor, born in the camp.
Source: APMA-B, Mat./1784, vol. 255, p. 159.
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Documents and photographs
Kazimiera Bogdańska with her daughter Anna, who was born in Auschwitz. The mother was deported there in a transport of civilians
following the start of the Warsaw Uprising and registered as number 84224. She was in the seventh month of pregnancy at the time, and
gave birth to Anna on October 26, 1944. Mother and daughter were in Auschwitz until liberation on January 27, 1945.
Photograph taken in Włochy, outside Warsaw, in the autumn of 1945. (APMA-B, neg. no. 22 846/2).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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Documents and photographs
Original prisoner tags stamped with the numbers of Kazimiera Bogdańska and her daughter Anna. Donated to the Auschwitz-Birkenau
State Museum by Anna Bogdańska in 2003. (Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum Collections).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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Documents and photographs
Official birth certificate (Geburtsurkunde) of Auschwitz prisoner
Anna Bogdańska, born October 26, 1944, issued by the camp Civil
Registry Office (Standesamt II). The document is deliberately misleading
as to the place of birth. Instead of the camp, it lists the name
of the city and the street address, “Auschwitz, Kasernenstrasse.” Similar
deception measures appear on death certificates.
Source: APMA-B, Geburtsurkunde Fond, D-AuI – 2/3, vol. 1, p. 3.
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Documents and photographs
Wanda Dramińska, born April 18, 1923. She was sent to Auschwitz
along with her husband and other relatives in a civilian transport
from Warsaw on August 12, 1944, following the start of the Warsaw
Uprising. She was registered as number 85374. She was in the third
month of pregnancy when she arrived at the camp. She was liberated
at Auschwitz and subsequently taken to Cracow, where she gave
birth to her daughter Ewa. Her husband Jerzy died on January 19,
1945 in Flossenbürg Concentration Camp, where he was transferred
from Auschwitz.
Photograph taken after the war. (APMA-B, neg. no. 22 572/3).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Ewa Dramińska, born February 16, 1945 in the St. Lazarus Hospital
in Cracow, where her mother, an Auschwitz prisoner, was taken
immediately after the liberation of the camp.
Photograph taken after the war. (APMA-B, neg. no. 22 572/4).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
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Documents and photographs
Alina Cielemięcka-Naciążek, born September 9, 1922. On September
4, 1944, while in the fourth month of pregnancy, she was sent to
Auschwitz in a transport of civilians from Warsaw following the start
of the Uprising. Her camp number was 87947. During the evacuation
march, she escaped on January 20 in the vicinity of Jastrzębie, where
local residents concealed her and three other pregnant prisoners
until the liberation of the area on March 28, 1945. In the meantime,
on March 19, 1945, she gave birth to her daughter Lidia.
Photograph taken in 1947. (APMA-B, neg. no. 22 573/2).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
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www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
List of former Auschwitz prisoners liberated on January 27, 1945 and
moved in February to the Polish Red Cross Hospital in Brzeszcze.
Mothers with children born in the camp figure on the list. Krystyna
Zambrzycka-Stempkowska’s name can be seen at number 14. See the
account on p. 59.
Source: APMA-B, PCK/12, folder 6, p. 20.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Death certificate of the Russian infant Vladimir Yakovenko, a former Auschwitz prisoner born in the camp, who died in the Polish Red
Cross Hospital set up after liberation on the grounds of the Auschwitz I camp.
Source: APMA-B, PCK/8, vol. 2, p. 235.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
Hans Nierzwicki – SS Unterscharführer, born January 18, 1905,
a member of the Auschwitz garrison from July 17, 1942 to January
18, 1945. His posts included SS orderly in the Birkenau camp. At the
camp hospital outpatient clinic in the women’s camp, he administered
lethal injections of phenol to pregnant women, new mothers,
and newborn infants. After the war, because of poor health, he was
not included among those charged in the Auschwitz Trials at Frankfurt
am Main in 1963. (APMA-B, neg. no. 20917/14).
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en
Documents and photographs
From left: Richard Baer (camp commandant from May 1944 to January 1945), Josef Mengele, Rudolf Höss (camp commandant from May
1940 to November 1943).
This photograph was taken in the summer of 1944 at Międzybrodzie (a rest center for the Auschwitz garrison, not far from Oświęcim) and comes from the
collections of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington D.C.
International Center for Education about Auschwitz and the Holocaust
ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Oświęcim
tel. + 48 33 844 8063, fax. + 48 33 843 19 34
www. auschwitz.org.en