Theory of Everything

• Hawking film 6

Atlantic City

• One side is glitzy • One side is common

Physics Laws

• One side is Newtonian • One side is relativity

• Trace universe backward in time: • Pushed toward the very small • Quantum mechanics – very small

TOE

• Large scale – Gravity rules • Atomic forces – SNF • Theory of everything must be unified • Should be a theory that embraces all factors

• Universe is a single point in the beginning • A moment later, it is huge • Intellect, intuition, experiment • Observation makes inspiration • SLAK, Palo Alto, CA

• Accuracy to 15 decimal places or else universe flies apart before galaxies formed • Uncanny balance between expansion and collapse • Alan Guth -

• Andrei Linde, Russian – • Inflation theory (like Guth) • Model – energy trapped in vacuum, energy could collapse like bubbles • Balance - >>>>> • Growing evenly in all directions

• Guth – 70’s inflation • Happens like water boils – one here, one there • Morrass – not like what our universe looks like • Published with flaws • Ussr – cannot publish until all flaws worked out

• Linde – what if just one of the bubbles inflated and our universe emerged?

• Difficulty with Guth collision of bubbles • One bubble will be larger than the universe • Linde’s theory demolished • Linde gave important idea – inflation • Does not explain the start of the universe

Run theory backwards in time

• Gravity field became infinitely high • Logic replaced by chance • Matter ruled by probability • Equations blow up when it hits a singularity • Quantum mechanics – strangest thing humans thought up

Eisenberg uncertainty principle

• Never know with precision where small is • Add up to certainties • Only makes sense as a universe as a whole only at its beginning

Problem of the singularity

• Quantum mechanics + gravity • Solve simplified model of universe • Imaginary time replaces singularity • No boundary, no beginning, no end, just curves back on itself, no singularities • Quantum mech is solution to singularity

No Boundaries Proposal

• Need gen rel and quantum mech to be unified as quantum gravity

One Simple Law

• Smolin, Lee – biology • Universe choose its parameters • Bio world - so many species • So beautiful in so many ways • Basic idea – some population – random changes on characteristics • Darwin nat. selection

• Universe invents life?

• How so much structure?

• Disc of spiral galaxy • Patterns on sea shells • Assembled from itself, create itself • Could be wrong • Not proved wrong yet

What preceded creation?

• 1985 perestroika – reconstruction – forbid sending out papers • Became ill • 24h to find something worth saying at conference • Theory of inflation that produced multitude of universes – self-producing universe • Each product of own big bang • Seed others so process goes on and on

• Single explanation of a single universe • Super string theory • Universe a dot • Like a bowl of vibrating noodles that exploded into the diversity • Kaku, M • Bubbles, string

Not Compatible

• Big – Einstein (smooth) • Small – quantum (grainy)

String

• Minute strands of space-time • Atom size of soalr system • String then size of atom • Universm size of string • String moves – vibrates • Body is a synphony • String forces curl up like gravity warp

• Matter like atoms • Forces that attract matter • Dichotomy • One string could be quark • One a photon

• Clouds – no symmetry • Backwards to big bang – see symmetry perfect • Superstring theory gives perfect symmetry as move backward • Humans cannot understand equations of theory of everything at this time

• String is no theory since it puts forth no predictions to be proved • Math too difficult • Theory smarter than we are • Ed Witten – smartest man on earth

Witten

• Don’t have overview of all details • Math constructions – want strings to describe world

• 5 theories describe universe – if one theory describes our univ.

• Who lives in others • Duality –m relation between 2 theories that is not obvious • One more useful in describing somethings

• 5 blind scientists discovered trunk, ear foot • Thought 5 animals • Really one elephant • Witten heir apparent to Einstein

• Sometimes you know a little bit more • Witten – get as far as we can is the best we can do – sponsor for life • Hawking – 20 years to find all • Quantum gravity

• Neil turok, cambridge – exploring past – make map of all maps satellite • Planck explorer – map whole sky at high resolution • Esa • Estec project • Map holds vast amt of info

• Map of very early times – • Map of temp variations on the sky • Secrets, signature of creation on map • Time to know ultimate truth • Absence of data so theories abound • Provide framework within which one can make predictions

• Answer questions or ask more?

• Theories beat to death – predictions • Within 10 years have data that will tell how structure formed in the universe • Get busy – only have 10 years • Get how but not why – know mind of God

End