Transcript KINGS AND QUEENS OF BRITAIN

KINGS AND QUEENS
OF BRITAIN
JANA BARTOŠOVÁ
CONTENS
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BOUDICCA
ALFRED THE GREAT
WILLIAM I
HENRY VIII
ELIZABETH I
CHARLES I
EDWARD VIII
THE QUEEN TODAY
BOUDICCA
In AD 43 there were a lot of kings and queens all
over Britain.
The Roman emperor, Claudius, wanted to be
emperor of all Britain. His Roman soldiers came
to Britain to take the country from the British
kings and queens.
In the east of England there was a young queen
called Boudicca. Her husband died and she
became Queen. The Roman soldiers hit her and her
children. Boudicca and hundreds of her people
killed the Roman soldiers. They burned the Roman
city of London. Thousands and thousands of Roman
soldiers came to Britain and Boudicca`s men began
to run away. Six month later Boudicca died. We
remember her because she was the first famous
British queen.
ALFRED THE GREAT
He was born in 849. At
that time there were a
lot of Danish soldiers in
the north of England.
They
killed
Alfred`s
brothers, burned English
towns and came to
south of England. But
Alfred and his men
learned to fight better
and
better.
Danes
began to lose.
He was king for 28 years. In his time, English
people made a lot of new schools. They
began to write the first books in England. He
was strong and good king.
WILLIAM I
A Frenchman, William of Normandy, wanted to be
king of England after the old king Edward. He had
to fight the Norwegians. William`s men killed Harold
Godwinsson. It was The Battle of Hastings 1066. So
then he was king of England. His wife and her
women made a beautiful long picture called „The
Bayeux Tapestry“ to tell this story.
William was king for 21 years. We know a lot
about England in William`s time from
„Domesday Book“.
William was a strong king. His children and his
children`s children were kings for 200 years.
HENRY VIII
He was born in 1491 and in 1509 he married
Catherine of Aragon. She had a daughter
but Henry wanted a son. England was a
Catholic country at the beginning of
Henry`s reign and the Pope refused to let
Henry divorce his wife and marry again.
Henry decided the English church should
become independent from the Catholic
church. England became a Protestant
country and Henry went on to marry again
and again.
Henry`s wives
1.Catherine of Aragon divorced, mother of Queen
Mary I
2.Anne Boleyn beheaded, mother of Queen
Elizabeth I
3.Jane Seymour died, mother of King
Edward VI
4.Anne of Cleves, divorced
5.Catherine Howard, beheaded
6.Catherine Parr, died 1548
Henry died in 1547. He was 56 years old.
Because of him The King and Queen of
England is always The Head of The Church
of England.
Ann Boleyn`s daughter, Elizabeth, was one of
England`s most famous queens.
ELIZABETH I
The young Elizabeth had a very difficult time.
Her father, King Henry VIII, killed her mother
Anne Boleyn and her sister Mary, Catherine
of Aragon`s daughter, was Queen. Elizabeth
was in prison.
Elizabeth died in 1603. She was 70 years old.
After her, Mary`s son, James, was king. He
was king of Scotland. He was the first king of
England and Scotland.
Mary died in 1558 and Elizabeth was Queen of
England and Wales for 45 years. She had no
husband and no children. Many people
think she was England`s best queen.
England at that time was strong and happy
country. Queen and parliament worked
well. An Englishmen, Francis Drake, went
around the world in his ship, the Golden
Hinde.
In London, William Shakespeare began to
write his famous plays.
For 20 years the Scottish queen, Mary, was in
prison in England. She was beheaded in
1587.
CHARLES I
King Charles did not work well with his
Parliament. The King`s soldiers began to fight
the soldiers of Parliament. Oliver Cromwell
was Parliament`s most important man.
Cromwell`s men killed the King.
For 12 years there was no king in
England and Oliver Cromwell was the
most important man in the country.
In 1659 Cromwell died.
EDWARD VIII
It is not easy for an English king to marry. He
can`t marry a Catholic or marry a divorced
woman.
In 1936 Edward VIII was the new king of
England. He was 43 and he loved an
American lady called Wallis Simpson. She
wasn`t a Catholic, but she was divorced.
Edward wanted to marry her and be her
third husband.
The most important people in the Church and
Parliament didn`t want her to be Queen.
Edward decided to marry her and so in 1936
the new King was Edward`s younger brother
George. Edward went away from England
with his new wife and never came back.
THE QUEEN TODAY
Queen Elizabeth II was born in 1926 and
she was Queen in 1952. She is Queen
of England, Wales, Scotland and
Nothern Ireland.
Once a year she opens Parliament and
once a week she talks to the Prime
Minister.
The Queen is Head of The Church of
England.
She is Head of the Commonwealth, too. In
1996 there were 51 countries in the
Commonwealth. A hundred years ago all
these countries were British. Now they are
free, but they are in the Commonwealth
and their Prime ministers meet and talk
every year.
Queen Elizabeth is also Queen of Australia,
Canada, New Zealand and a lot of smaller
countries
.
She is important because people like her
and want to have a Queen. She visits
people all over the world. Thousands
of people come to London every year
to see her.
Thank you for your attention