Transcript Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak dalam Konvensi

Heru Susetyo, SH.
LL.M.M.Si.
Anak
& Prinsip-Prinsip
Perlindungan Anak
dalam
Konvensi Hak Anak
FHUI, Juni 2011
CRC Mandala/Bhutan Chapter
• Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of
The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General
Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20
November 1989
• Prosesnya telah dimulai sejak tahun 1979 dengan
penetapan International Year of the Child
• Jauh sebelumnya, Declarations of the Rights of
the Child telah diadopsi oleh League of Nations
(1924) dan United Nations (1959)
Konvensi Hak Anak
• Adalah Konvensi yang paling banyak
diratifikasi di dunia
• Tahun 1990 20 negara meratifikasi
• Akhir tahun 1990 sudah 57 negara
• Pada 31 December 1995 telah 185 negara
meratifikasi
Prinsip Pemberlakuan CRC
• Has the same meaning for people in all parts
of the world.
• While laying down common standards, the
Convention takes into account the different
cultural, social, economic and political realities
of individual states.
• Each state may seek its own means to
implement the rights common to all
Peluang dan tantangan CRC
IDEOLOGI
POLITIK
EKONOMI
SOSIAL
BUDAYA
PRINSIP UNIVERSAL CRC
1. NON DISCRIMINATION
2. BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD
3. THE RIGHT TO LIFE, SURVIVAL AND
DEVELOPMENT
4. THE VIEWS OF THE CHILD
NON DISCRIMINATION
• No child should suffer discrimination
• This applies to every child, irrespective of the
child’s or his or her parent’s or legal guardian’s
race, colour, sex,language, religion, political or
other opinion, national, ethnic, or social
origin, property, disability, birth or other
status.
BEBAS DISKRIMINASI
• TANPA MEMANDANG
Status orang
tua
Ras/ warna
kulit/etnis
Jenis kelamin
bahasa
agama
politik
kebangsaan
Akses ke
ekonomi
Kesempurnaan
fisik
Status
kelahiran
Sosial
Anak Indonesia
Anak-Anak Gaza :
Fatah & Hamas
Anak-Anak Gaza Bermain
BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD
• When the authorities of a state take decisions
which affect children, the best interest of
children must be a primary consideration.
Courts of Law
Administrative
Authorities
Legislative
Bodies
Public Social
Welfare
Institutions
Private Social
Welfare
Institutions
THE RIGHT TO LIFE, SURVIVAL
AND DEVELOPMENT
• The right to life article includes formulations
about the right to survival and to
development, which should be ensured : to
the maximum extent possible
• The term ‘development’ should be intepreted
in a broad sense, adding a qualitative
dimension: not only physical health is
intended, but also mental,emotional,
cognitive, social and cultural development.
THE VIEWS OF THE CHILD
• Children should be free to have opinions in all
matters affecting them and those views
should be given due weight : “in accordance
with the age and maturity of the child”
• Children have the right to be heard and to
have their views taken seriously, including in
any judicial or administrative proceedings
affecting them.
Siapa yang Memonitor CRC?
• Human Rights Council
• Committee on ECOSOC Rights
• Committe on the Elimination of Racial
Discrimination
• Committee on the Elimination of
Discrimination Against Women
• Committee Against Torture
• Committee on the Rights of the Child
Mengimplementasikan CRC :
Kewajiban Negara
• Pasal 4 : undertake all appropriate legislative,
administrative and other measures to
implement the Convention.
• Undertake such measures to the maximum
extent of their available resources and , where
needed, within the framework of international
cooperation
• Review its legislation and ensure that laws are
consistent with the convention
Mengimplementasikan CRC :
Kewajiban Negara (2)
• Mechanisms may be introduced at the
national and local levels to coordinate policies
and monitor the implementation of the
convention.
• The political decision-making process is
important
• Are there opportunities for children
themselves and their representatives t make
themselves heard?
Mengimplementasikan CRC :
Kewajiban Negara (3)
• Education and training of personnel working
with children
• Disseminating children rights provisions in
understandable languages to the people
• Priority should be given to childrenm
Kementerian/Lembaga Mana?
BAPPENAS
KPAI
KEMHUB
KEMENEG
PP PA
KEMNAG
KEMKES
KEMENDIKNAS
KEMSOS
KEMNAKER