Transcript BIOS – Part 3

Setting the BIOS
BIOS – Part 3
Richard L. Goldman
March 2000
Motherboard CMOS RAM Addresses
• Original AT CMOS had 64 – 8 Bit Bytes of
RAM.
– 10 Bytes for the digital clock
– 54 Bytes for system configuration
• Current CMOS has 2-4 Kbytes of RAM or
more.
• Contains a Diagnostic Status Byte that can
be read by some diagnostic programs.
Accessing the CMOS Setup Program
•
Do one of the following during POST:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
AMI
Delete
Phoenix
F2 (current versions)
Award
Ctrl+Alt+Esc
Microid
Esc
IBM
F1
Compaq
F10
Follow the instructions in the motherboard/BIOS
manual.
9. Phoenix
Ctrl+Alt+Esc or Ctrl+Alt+S (older
versions from a safe mode DOS prompt)
Maintenance Menu
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• May only be available by setting a jumper
on the motherboard.
• Set processor speed (Do not over-clock
without special cooling installed.)
• Clear setup password
Main Menu
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
•
•
•
•
•
View processor type and speed
View BIOS type and version
View type and size of RAM
Set time and date
Set ECC (Error Correction Code) if
supported
Advanced Menu
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• For setting features that are specific to the chip
set.
• PnP – Turn off for NT, on for Win 9x (overridden
by OS)
• Reset Configuration Data – Clears PnP setting to
allow system to reconfigure.
• Numlock – sets power on state
• Other advanced setting should normally left in
“Auto”.
Peripheral Configuration
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• Configures devices built into the motherboard
such as serial ports, parallel ports, and built in
audio and USB ports.
• Disable ports not being used.
• Allow PnP to configure IRQ’s and port addresses
unless there is an unworkable conflict that it can’t
resolve. (Try clearing the PnP setting and
reinstalling devices/peripherals one-at-a-time in a
different order.)
• Enable “Legacy USB” support for USB keyboard
and mice to work in DOS. (Don’t mix USB and
PS-2 keyboards and mice.)
IDE Configuration Menu
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• Configures IDE (Integrated Drive
Electronics) drives – Hard Drive, CDROM Drives, LS-120 Drives, Tape Drives,
etc.
• Can enable/disable the primary or
secondary drive controllers
• Can set delays to allow slow starting drives
time to reach full speed before accessing.
IDE Hard Drive Setup
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• Set Type to “Auto” and enable LBA (Logical
Block Addressing) for most all modern drives
• Set Translation to “Auto” for all LBA drives.
(Drives over 528MB)
• For smaller drives use “User Defined” or Type 48
and disable LBA. (or if you have an old BIOS
that does not support the “Auto” type)
• If you use “User Defined” settings you will have
to locate and enter each of the hard disk
parameters.
Floppy Drive Settings
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• Select the setting that matches your drive.
• Enable write protect to keep people from
copying information off the computer to
floppies.
DMI (Desktop Management Interface) settings
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• Allows system administrators to remotely
view some system resources and logged
events.
• Can enable or disable Event Logging
and/or ECC Event Logging.
Video Configuration
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• Used to select the primary monitor when
using a dual monitor configuration (Win 98
or Win 2000).
Resource Configuration
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• Reserves resources for non PnP devices.
(So that PnP won’t use resources that have
been assigned to legacy devices by setting
jumpers, etc.)
Security Menu
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• Sets Supervisor and User passwords.
• Supervisor has access to CMOS
configuration settings.
• User password allows access to the
computer.
Power Management
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• Allows the system to enter power management
modes during periods of inactivity.
• APM (Advanced Power management) –
Hardware controlled – Pre-1998
• ACPE (Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface) – Post 1998 – Software controlled –
Better control and more sophisticated.
Boot Menu
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• Allow you to:
–
–
–
–
–
Change the boot drive order
Control some Boot displays
Control some POST tests
Set power failure recovery options
LAN wakeup response
Exit Menu
BIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions)
• Allows you to:
– Save or discard changes
– Load defaults
– Save custom defaults
Additional BIOS Setup Features
(May be found on some BIOS chips)
• Virus Warning – warns if something tries to write
to the Boot Sector.
• L1 & L2 Cache disable – used for
troubleshooting
• Floppy Drive Swap – switches A & B drive
letters.
• RAM Shadowing – enable to improve
performance
• HDD S.M.A.R.T. – enables Self Monitoring
Analysis & Reporting on HDD with this feature.
Plug-and-Play BIOS
• A technology that automatically selects and sets
IRQ’s, I/O ports, and DMA channels for expansion
cards added to a system.
• PnP is composed of:
– Plug-and-Play BIOS
• For installed boot cards - reads data form ESCD and boots the
system
• For new boot cards – reads cards, checks the ESCD and, assigns
a Card Select Number (CSN) and configures boot cards.
– Extended System Configuration Data (ESCD)
• Stores PnP configuration data
– Plug-and-Play routines in the operating system
• Configures non-boot cards (or boot cards that the PnP BIOS
can’t configure)
PnP Device ID’s
• All PnP devices have a unique ID.
– A 3 letter vendor ID followed by a 4 number
product ID.
– Example: ABC1234
• Many common devices have been assigned
reserved ID by Microsoft with a vendor ID
of “PNP”.
BIOS Error Messages
• Errors detected by the BIOS will be
indicated by:
– Text messages on the screen
– Beep codes form the system speaker
– Hexadecimal error codes to I/O port 80
• A hexadecimal code is displayed on a POST-code
card of the POST test in progress
Installing a Hard Drive
1. Record Hard Drive Data
Manufacturer
Model
Serial Number
Vendor/Date of Purchase/PO Number
Hard drive parameters-Size, etc.
Installing a Hard Drive
2. Set Jumpers
Master/Slave/Stand Alone - IDE Drive
SCSI #/Termination - SCSI Drive
Installing a Hard Drive
3. Physically install hard drive
Use 4 screws
(Caution - do not switch metric/English
screws)
(Caution – do not use long screws)
Connect Data Cable
Connect Power Cable
Installing a Hard Drive
4. Configure CMOS Setting
Set to Auto/Auto if possible
Installing a Hard Drive
5. Partition Hard Drive
Use Fdisk, PartitionMagic, etc.
(adds MBR)
Installing a Hard Drive
6. Format each partition with
appropriate file system
(adds Root Directory and 2 FAT’s)
Installing a Hard Drive
7. Install operation system
Installing a Hard Drive
8. Install applications