Transcript Document

New Ideas and Art
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section describes how humanists
spread ideas and Renaissance artists
created great paintings and sculptures.
New Ideas and Art
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• Humanists studied the Greeks and
Romans, and the development of the
printing press helped spread their ideas.
• Renaissance artists used new
techniques to produce paintings that
showed people in an emotional and
realistic way.
• Renaissance ideas and art spread from
Italy to northern Europe.
New Ideas and Art
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places
• Flanders (FLAN·duhrz)
Meeting People
• Dante Alighieri (DAHN·tay
A·luh·GYEHR·ee)
• Johannes Gutenberg (yoh·HAHN·uhs
GOO·tuhn·BUHRG)
• Leonardo da Vinci (LEE·uh·NAHR·doh
duh VIHN·chee)
New Ideas and Art
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Meeting People (cont.)
• Michelangelo Buonarroti
(MY·kuh·LAN·juh·LOH
BWAW·nahr·RAW·tee)
• William Shakespeare (SHAYK·SPIHR)
Building Your Vocabulary
• humanism (HYOO·muh·NIH·zuhm)
• vernacular (vuhr·NA·kyuh·luhr)
New Ideas and Art
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Organizing Information Create a
diagram like the one on page 618 of your
textbook to show features of Renaissance
art.
New Ideas and Art
Renaissance Humanism
• Humanism was a way of understanding
the world that was based on the values
of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
• Humanists sought a balance between
religion and reason.
• Western Europeans began studying
Greek and Roman works in the 1300s.
• During the Crusades, Western
Europeans were exposed to Greek and
Roman culture that had been preserved
(pages 619–621)
by Arab scholars.
New Ideas and Art
Renaissance Humanism (cont.)
• Italians studied ancient books, statues,
and buildings.
• Petrarch was a famous
scholar of ancient works.
• He encouraged Europeans
to search for Latin
manuscripts in monasteries.
• New libraries were built to
house the manuscripts,
including the Vatican Library
(pages 619–621)
in Rome.
New Ideas and Art
Renaissance Humanism (cont.)
• Writers during the Renaissance began
writing in the vernacular, the everyday
language of a people.
• Dante Alighieri wrote The Divine Comedy,
one of the world’s greatest poems, in the
vernacular.
• In England, the poet Chaucer wrote The
Canterbury Tales in English.
• Johannes Gutenberg developed a
printing press that used movable type.
(pages 619–621)
New Ideas and Art
Renaissance Humanism (cont.)
• The press could print books quickly, so
more books became available.
• Gutenberg’s Bible was the first European
book printed on the press.
• Leonardo da Vinci was a great scientist,
artist, inventor, and engineer.
• Leonardo imagined machines long
before they were invented, such as the
airplane and helicopter.
(pages 619–621)
New Ideas and Art
Renaissance Humanism (cont.)
• Interest in other topics flourished as
well.
• People studied plants, human anatomy,
and medicine, as well as astronomy and
mathematics.
(pages 619–621)
New Ideas and Art
How did Gutenberg’s movable type
differ from Chinese movable type?
Chinese movable type was difficult
to use because their large alphabet
contained characters that were
whole words. Gutenberg’s press
contained individual metal letters
that could easily be manipulated.
New Ideas and Art
Artists in Renaissance Italy
• There are major style differences
between medieval and Renaissance art.
• Renaissance artists used new
techniques, such a perspective and
chiaroscuro, to add realism and express
drama and emotion.
• The peak of the Renaissance occurred
between 1490 and 1520.
• Leonardo da Vinci, a great scientist,
was also a trained artist.
(pages 623–624)
New Ideas and Art
Artists in Renaissance Italy (cont.)
• One of his most famous works was The
Last Supper.
• Raphael was one of Italy’s most famous
painters who painted frescoes in the
Vatican.
• His best-known painting is School of
Athens.
• Michelangelo Buonarroti was a painter
and sculptor.
• He is best known for his sculpture David.
(pages 623–624)
New Ideas and Art
What was significant about the
chiaroscuro technique?
Chiaroscuro used light and shadows
instead of stiff outlines to separate
objects in a painting. This softening
of the edges created more drama
and emotion in a painting.
New Ideas and Art
The Renaissance Spreads
• The Northern Renaissance refers to art
from places we know today as Belgium,
Luxembourg, Germany, and the
Netherlands.
• Northern Renaissance artists used
different techniques than artists in Italy.
• Artists in Flanders, a region in what is
today northern Belgium, developed oil
painting.
(pages 625–626)
New Ideas and Art
The Renaissance Spreads (cont.)
• Jan van Eyck was a great oil painter.
• Albrecht Dürer was an
artist best known for his
engravings.
• Engravings are made in
wood, metal, or stone,
and covered in ink.
• The image is then
printed on paper.
(pages 625–626)
New Ideas and Art
The Renaissance Spreads (cont.)
• In England, the Renaissance created
great works of theater and literature.
• William Shakespeare was the greatest
English writer of the Renaissance.
• He wrote tragedies, comedies, and
historical plays.
(pages 625–626)
New Ideas and Art
Why do you think theater was so
popular in England during the
Renaissance?
The upper class of England enjoyed
theater, and admission to the
theater was cheap, so even the
poor could attend.
New Ideas and Art
Explain the beliefs of humanists
during the Renaissance.
Humanists believed the individual
and human society were important.
They wanted a balance between
faith and reason.
New Ideas and Art
Explain the artistic technique of
perspective.
By showing objects at different
distances, artists create a scene that
is more realistic.
New Ideas and Art
Evaluate What was the importance
of the printing press on Renaissance
society?
it helped ideas grow and spread
across Europe
New Ideas and Art
Science Link Describe the scientific
efforts and contributions of Leonardo
da Vinci.
Answers should be based on the text.
New Ideas and Art
Explain How were the ideals of the
Renaissance expressed in England?
Provide examples.
in writing and in plays, such as Hamlet
New Ideas and Art
Expository Writing Choose a
painting or sculpture shown in this
section. In a short essay describe
the work and explain how it
demonstrates Renaissance
techniques or characteristics.
Answers will vary.
New Ideas and Art
Locate and label Rome, England, and
other places from this section on a blank
map of Europe.