Transcript No Slide Title

National Nonstructural/
Flood Proofing Committee
Nonstructural Measures for
Flood Risk Management and
Policy, Guidance, and Law
Buffalo District
Planning Conference
6 August 2009
Kenneth Zwickl, HQ
Larry Buss, Omaha District
Gene Barr, Huntington District
Clark Frentzen, South Pacific Division
Joseph Remondini, Tulsa District
Stuart Davis, Institute for Water Research
Randall Behm, Omaha District
Mark Harberg, Fort Worth District
Kim Gavigan, Los Angeles District
Steve O’Leary, Huntington District
Keven Lovetro, New Orleans District
Carol Holloway, Institute for Water Research
Mission
 Flood Proofing
 Nonstructural
Definitions
 Nonstructural
 Structural
National Nonstructural Flood Proofing
Committee
Nonstructural Mitigation
Measures
Nonstructural Mitigation Measures
 Elevation
 Relocation
 Floodwalls,
Levees & Berms
 Buyout/Acquisition
 Dry Flood Proofing
 Wet Flood Proofing
 Flooding Warning/Preparedness
 National Flood Insurance Program
Elevating on Extended
Walls
Foundation
Elevating on Extended
Foundation Walls
Elevating on Extended
Foundation Walls
Elevating on Fill
Elevating on Fill
Elevating on Piers, Posts, Piles...
… or Columns
Elevation on Piers, Posts, Piles, or Columns
Piers
Piles
Posts
Columns
Nonstructural Mitigation Measures
 Elevation
 Relocation
 Floodwalls,
Levees and Berms
 Buyout/Acquisition
 Dry Flood Proofing
 Wet Flood Proofing
 Flooding Warning/Preparedness
 National Flood Insurance Program
Relocation Process
Moving the Structure
 Evacuate
temporary
roadway
 Attach structure
to trailer
 Transport
structure to
new site
Relocation Process
Restoration of Old Site
 Demolish and
remove
foundation
and pavement
 Disconnect and
remove all
utilities
 Grading and site
stabilization
Nonstructural Mitigation Measures
 Elevation
 Relocation
 Floodwalls, Levees and Berms
 Buyout/Acquisition
 Dry Flood Proofing
 Wet Flood Proofing
 Flooding Warning/Preparedness
 National Flood Insurance Program
Construction Barriers
Berms, Levees and Floodwalls
Floodwall
Sump and pump for
internal drainage
Berm or
Levee
Sewer
One-way valve
Three Foot Earthen Levee
Flood Protection with
Floodwalls
Floodwall
Nonstructural Mitigation Measures
 Elevation
 Relocation
 Floodwalls, Levees
and Berms





Buyout/Acquisition
Dry Flood Proofing
Wet Flood Proofing
Flooding Warning/Preparedness
National Flood Insurance Program
Basic Acquisition
 Acquire land and structures
 Demolish structures
 Easiest type of acquisition
Nonstructural Mitigation Measures








Elevation
Relocation
Floodwalls, Levees and Berms
Buyout/Acquisition
Dry Flood Proofing
Wet Flood Proofing
Flooding Warning/Preparedness
National Flood Insurance Program
Dry Floodproofing
Maximum Protection
Level is Three Feet
One-Way Valve
Sewer
Flood Proofed Walls
Closures for Openings
Sheathing
Existing brick veneer
Cap
Wood frame or
CMU block wall
Metal fasteners
tie in new brick
to old brick
New Brick
Waterproofing
Add concrete
footing
Drain to sump pump with
backup power source
Existing
footing
Drill and grout
reinforced
connection to
existing footing
Dry Flood Proofing Methods
Waterproof Sealant
Sealant
Dry Flood Proofing Methods
Waterproof Sealant
Sealant
Veneer
Impervious Membrane
Baseboard
Trench
2 feet of water in back of house
Nonstructural Mitigation Measures








Elevation
Relocation
Floodwalls, Levees and Berms
Buyout/Acquisition
Dry Flood Proofing
Wet Flood Proofing
Flooding Warning/Preparedness
National Flood Insurance Program
Wet Flood Proofing
Opening to Let
Water In
Furnace and Utilities
Relocated
Appliances Moved or Wrapped
in Waterproof Bags
Wet Flood Proofing
Elevate
Utilities
Wet Flood Proofing
Elevate Utilities
Wet Flood Proofing
Let Water In
Louvre
Nonstructural Mitigation Measures








Elevation
Relocation
Floodwalls, Levees and Berms
Buyout/Acquisition
Dry Flood Proofing
Wet Flood Proofing
Flooding Warning/Preparedness
National Flood Insurance Program
Flood Warning/Preparedness
Components
 Flood Threat Recognition System
 Warning Dissemination
 Emergency Response
 Post-Flood Recovery
 Continued Plan Management
Flood Warning/Preparedness Components
Flood Threat Recognition System





Collection of information
Transmission of Information
Receipt of information
Organization/Display of information
Prediction or timing and magnitude
of flood event
Flood Warning/Preparedness Components
Warning Dissemination
 Determine affected
areas
 Identify affected
parties
 Prepare warning
message
 Distribute warning
message
Flood Warning/Preparedness Components
Emergency Response
 Temporary evacuation
 Search and rescue
 Mass care
center
operations
 Public
property
protection
 Flood fight
 Maintenance of vital services
Flood Warning/Preparedness Components
Post-Flood Recovery




Evacuee return
Debris clearance
Return of services
Damage
assessment
 Provisions for
assistance
Flood Warning/Preparedness Components
Continued Plan Management




Public Awareness/Education Programs
O&M equipment
Periodic drills
Update plan
Flood Warning System
Alert





Remote rain and stage gages
Transmit information
Base station computer
Process information
Automated threatened area
notification (most advance systems)
Automated Stage Detection
 Float switch/submersed electric circuit
activated by rising water
 Telephone automatic alarm dialers
activated
 Calls placed to emergency managers
 Manual threatened area notification
Manual
 Observer read stage or rain gages.
 Two way telephonic communication
between observers and emergency
managers
 Manual threatened area notification
Hybrid
 Combination of Alert and USGS stream
gaging methods and equipment
 Remote rain and stage gages
 Transmit information
 Base station computer or two way
telephonic communication with gages
 Manual or automated threatened area
notification
Nonstructural Mitigation Measures








Elevation
Relocation
Floodwalls, Levees and Berms
Buyout/Acquisition
Dry Flood Proofing
Wet Flood Proofing
Flooding Warning/Preparedness
National Flood Insurance Program
National Flood Insurance Program
44CFR 59-78
 Flood Plain Regulation
 Flood Insurance
 Flood Mitigation
Why Investigate
Nonstructural Measures ?
 Requirements
 Opportunities
Requirements
The Flood Control Act of 1938 – authorized
the Corps “where the construction cost of
levees or flood walls included in any
authorized project can be substantially
reduced by the evacuation of a portion or
all of the area proposed to be protected” to
expend funds “toward the evacuation of the
locality eliminated from protection and the
rehabilitation of the persons so evacuated”.
Requirements
The Flood Control Act of 1960 – authorized
the Corps “to compile and disseminate
information on floods and flood damages,
including identification of areas subject to
inundation by floods of various magnitudes
and frequencies, and general criteria for
guidance in the use of flood plain areas, and
to provide engineering advice to local
interests for their use in planning to
ameliorate the flood hazard.: This is the
Flood Plain Management Services Program.
Requirements
National Flood Insurance Act of 1968
– authorized the National Flood
Insurance Program, which has
evolved to generally consist of flood
insurance, flood plain regulation, and
flood hazard mitigation through
primarily nonstructural measures.
Requirements
The Water Resources Development Act
of 1974 – requires of the Corps that
“consideration shall be given to
nonstructural alternatives to prevent
or reduce flood damages”.
Requirements
Executive Order 11988 dated 24 May 1977 –
requires the Corps to implement “action to
reduce the risk of flood loss, to minimize the
impact of floods on human safety, health
and welfare, and to restore and preserve the
natural and beneficial values served by
floodplains.”
Requirements
Economic and Environmental Principles
and Guidelines for Water and Related Land
Resources Implementation Studies dated
March 1983 (P&G) – requires of the Corps
that “nonstructural measures should be
considered as means for addressing
problems and opportunities” in water and
related land resources implementation
studies.
Requirements
Digest of Water Resources Policies and
Authorities [EP 1165-2-1] – requires that
“Consideration will be given both to measures
intended to modify flood behavior [structural
measures] and those intended to modify damage
susceptibility by altering the ways in which
people would otherwise occupy and use flood
plain lands and waters [nonstructural
measures].”
Requirements
Planning Guidance Notebook
[ER 1105-2-100] – requires
nonstructural measure consideration
by stating “Section 73 of the Water
Resources Development Act of 1974
requires consideration of
nonstructural alternatives in flood
damage reduction studies.
Opportunities

Another set of tools
 No Adverse Impacts
 Flood Plain
 Environmental
 Complies with E.O. 11988
 Complies with NFIP Regulations
 HMGP acquired land
 Insurable structures/Fill in
floodway
Opportunities (cont.)
 New Uses of the Evacuated Flood Plain
Ecosystem Restoration
Recreation
Spillover Benefits
 Water Quality Improvement
 Recreation Costs - 50% versus 10%
 Cost Sharing
35% / 65%
 Lower Cost - Possible
 Mitigation of Adverse Effects of Structural
Projects
Opportunities (cont.)







Achievement of Strategic Goals
Achievement of the Environmental
Operating Principles
Achievement of Actions for Change
Partnering
Lower O&M Costs
Supports both short term and long
term flood risk reduction
 Redundant flood risk reduction consequence focused.
National Flood Insurance Program 44 CFR 59-78
Flood Plain Regulation 44 CFR 60
 Definitions
Base Flood
Flood
Flood Plain
Floodway
Substantial Damage
Substantial Improvement
100 Year Floodplain
FLOOD FRINGE
FLOODWAY
FLOOD FRINGE
100 Year Flood
Base Flood
STREAM CHANNEL
Coastal Flood Plain
•
•
•
•
V Zone
Coastal A Zone
A Zone
X Zone
 Flood Plain Regulation
 Flood Insurance
 Flood Mitigation
I
Floodplain
Regulation
Flood
Insurance
Flood
Mitigation
Requirements - Riverine
 All new construction and substantial
improvements of :
Residential structures have the
lowest floor, including basement,
elevated to or above the Base
Flood
Non-Residential structures have
the lowest floor, including
basement, flood proofed to or
above the Base Flood
Requirements - Riverine
Prohibit encroachments within the
floodway unless it has been
demonstrated through hydrologic and
hydraulic analysis that the proposed
encroachment will not result in any
increase in the Base Flood Elevation
Requirements - Coastal
 All new construction and substantial
improvements of :
 Residential structures have the lowest
floor, including basement, elevated to or
above the Base Flood
 Non-Residential structures have the
lowest floor, including basement, flood
proofed to or above the Base Flood
Requirements - Coastal
 All new construction and substantial
improvements within V zones :
Be elevated on piles or columns so the
bottom of the lowest horizontal structural
member is Elevated to or above the Base
Flood with the space below the lowest
floor either free of obstruction or
constructed with breakaway wall or open
lattice
Do not use Fill
Flood Plain Regulation
Flood Insurance
Flood Mitigation
I
Floodplain
Regulation
Flood
Insurance
Flood
Mitigation
Flood Insurance
Definitions





Basement
Building
Post FIRM building
Pre FIRM building
Walled and Roofed
Flood Insurance
Definitions
 Basement – any area of a building having
its floor subgrade below ground level on all
sides
 Building – a walled and roofed structure
that is principally above ground and
affixed to a permanent site
 Post FIRM building – a building for which
the start of construction or substantial
improvement occurred on or after the
effective date of the initial FIRM for the
community
Flood Insurance
Definitions
 Pre FIRM building – a building for which
the start of construction or substantial
improvement occurred before the effective
date of the initial FIRM for the community
 Walled and Roofed – the building has in
place two or more exterior rigid walls and
the roof is fully secured so that the
building will resist flotation, collapse, and
lateral movement
Flood Insurance
 General dwelling losses not covered
Loss of insured property use
Loss of access to insured property
Loss of profits
Losses resulting from additional living
expenses while the insured property is
being repaired
Losses resulting from casualties other
than as defined as a flood
Flood Insurance
 Dwelling Property covered:
 Building Property
 The building
Additions and extensions to the building
Materials and supplies to be used in
constructing or altering the building
Fixtures, machinery, and equipment within the
building and owned by the insured such as:
furnaces, permanently installed wall mirrors,
cupboards, bookcases, paneling, wallpaper,
blinds, dishwashers, carpet, and garbage
disposals, pumps, plumbing, ranges, stoves,
refrigerators, etc.
Flood Insurance
 Dwelling Property covered:
Personal Property
 Owned by the insured or members
within the insured’s household if
stored within the building and
secured to prevent flotation out of
the building during flooding
Debris Removal
 Expense of debris removal if
directly caused by a flood
Flood Insurance
 Dwelling Property not covered:
 Personal property in the open
 Fences, retaining walls, docks, etc.
 Indoor and outdoor pools
 Underground structures and equipment
 Land, lawns, trees, etc.
 Animals
 Aircraft, watercraft
 Manufactured homes that are not anchored
 Post FIRM basements in SFHA’s
 Personal property
 Fixtures/components attached to the building
but not needed for building support or utilities
 Finished walls
 Flood Plain Regulation
 Flood Insurance
 Flood Mitigation
Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
 Project criteria
Conform with hazard mitigation plan
Be cost effective
Conform with flood plain management
criteria
Have a beneficial impact on the designated
disaster area
75/25 cost share
Generally funded at 15% of total disaster
grants
Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
Types of Projects
 Structural
 Nonstructural
 Acquisition/relocation
 Develop state and local mitigation standards
 Develop comprehensive hazard mitigation
programs with implementation as an essential
component
 Develop or improve warning systems
Flood Mitigation Assistance Program
Planning grants
Develop flood hazard mitigation plans
 75/25 cost share
Project grants
 Implement flood mitigation projects
contained in the flood hazard mitigation
plan
 75/25 cost share
Technical assistance grants
 To aid applicants in applying for the FMA
Program
 100/0 cost share
$31 Million

Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program
 Mitigates all natural disasters –
not just flood
 Must have approved mitigation
plan for project funds
 75/25 cost share
 Be cost effective
 Eligible projects
 Mitigation planning
 Mitigation projects
 Information dissemination
 $100 Million
Repetitive Flood Claims
Grant Program
 One or more claims to NFIP
 Relocation/Buyout/
Open Space Use
Possible 100% Federal

 Up to $10 Million
 75/25 Cost Share Standard
Repetitive Loss
 Four or more paid losses of $1,000 or more
 Two paid losses within a 10-year period
 Three or more paid losses since 1978
Severe Repetitive Loss Program
 Severe Repetitive Loss Properties
Residential
Four NFIP claims over $5,000 each
At least two claims within any 10 year
period
At least two claims that cumulatively



exceed the value of the property
Possible 90% Federal
75/25 Cost Share Standard
Up to $40 Million
Community Rating System
Credible activities
Public Information
 Elevation certificates
 Map information
 Outreach programs
 Hazard Disclosure
 Flood protection library
 Flood protection assistance
Mapping and Regulatory




Open space preservation
Higher regulatory standards
Flood data maintenance
Stormwater management
Flood Damage Reduction Activities
 Flood plain management plans
 Acquisition and relocation
 Retrofitting
 Drainage
Flood Preparedness Activities
Flood Warning Program
Levee Safety
Dam Safety
Maximum flood insurance premium
reduction is 45%
Flood Plain Management Criteria Relative
to Structural Flood Damage Reduction Projects
National Flood Insurance Program
 Basic requirements of the structural flood
damage reduction project
No adopted regulatory floodway
The project will not increase the Base
Flood Elevation (BFE) more than a foot at
any location
Flood Plain Management Criteria Relative to Structural
Flood Damage Reduction Projects
National Flood Insurance Program
Adopted regulatory floodway
The project will not place fill
material or new construction
within the regulatory floodway
unless it is demonstrated that no
increase in the BFE will occur
 Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR).
Basic requirements of the CLOMR are as follows:
Request for conditional approval of the
FIRM change.
Evaluate alternatives which would not result
in an increase in BFE
Document that individual legal notice has
been made to all increased BFE
Gain concurrence of other impacted
communities.
 Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR).
Basic requirements of the CLOMR are as
follows:
Certify that no structures are located in
areas impacted by the increased BFE
Provide documentation of hydrologic and
hydraulic analysis reflecting the increase in
BFE and change in floodway
Provide a plan to mitigate the increased
BFE and change in floodway.
 A Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) submittal is
required upon project completion.
Executive Order 11988 –
Flood Plain Management
 Basic Objectives
Provide leadership in flood plain management
Avoid long and short term adverse flood plain
impacts associated with projects.
Avoid direct and indirect support of
development in the flood plain.
Reduce the risk of flood loss.
Minimize the impact of floods on health, safety,
and welfare. Restore and preserve the natural
and beneficial values of flood plains.
Involve the public throughout the flood plain
management decision process.
Executive Order 11988 –
Flood Plain Management
 Basic Steps
 Determine whether the project is in 100-year
or 500-year flood plain.
 Notify the public early of a project that is
proposed to be 100-year or 500-year flood
plain to involve local decision makers in the
decision process.
 Identify and evaluate practicable alternatives
to locating the project in the flood plain.
 Identify the potential direct and indirect
impacts with the project in the flood plain.
Executive Order 11988 –
Flood Plain Management
 Basic Steps
Minimize the potential adverse impacts
to or within the flood plain.
Reevaluate the project to see if it is still
practicable in light of the impact to others
Provide the public with the findings and
explanation that the project in the flood
plain is the only practicable alternative.
Provide for mitigation of adverse affects
of the project.
Basic Steps
•NFIP standards are minimum
•If locating "new construction"
in a flood plain, flood proofing
should be applied
Critical Actions
•A slight chance of flooding is too great
•If flooded, would the flood effects be
worsened
•Risk to public safety and increased
hazard to life
•500 year flood standard minimum
Executive Order 11988 –
Flood Plain Management
 Basic Mitigation Requirements
Land
 Land that is within the regulatory floodway
post-project that was not within the
regulatory floodway pre-project.
 Land that is within the 100-year flood
boundary post-project that was not within
the 100-year flood boundary pre-project.
 Land that is in the pre-project floodway that
has a floodway elevation post-project that is
higher than the pre-project floodway
elevation.
 Mitigation.
Executive Order 11988 –
Flood Plain Management
 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
Insurable Structures
Structures that are within the regulatory
floodway post project that were not within
the regulatory floodway pre-project.
Structures that are within the 100-year flood
boundary post-project that were not in the
100-year flood boundary pre-project.
Structures that are subject to a 100-year flood
water surface elevation post-project that is
higher than the 100-year flood water surface
elevation pre-project.
Mitigation
Executive Order 11988 –
Flood Plain Management
State Minimum Standards for Flood Plain
Management
Varies from State to State
Are always equal to or more restrictive than
that of the NFIP in terms of:
 Flood plain regulation
• Elevation above the BFE.
• Allowable rise due to fill or new
construction in the flood plain
 Mitigation of adverse impacts of projects.
Section 202 of WRDA 1996
Flood Plain Management Plans
• Applies to any flood damage reduction
project which had the PPA signed after 12
October 1996.
• Non Federal interests must prepare a flood
plain management plan designed to reduce
impacts of future floods in the project area
• Develop within one year of PPA execution
•Implement within one year after project
completion
•Primarily non structural measures are used
Section 402 of WRDA 1986
• Applies to all flood damage reduction
projects
• Non Federal interests shall comply
with applicable Federal flood plain
management and flood insurance
programs.
Section 219 of WRDA 1999
• Applies to the analysis of nonstructural buyout and
•
•
•
relocations measures
All projects
Benefit Calculation
Use both externalized and internalized portions of
flood damages prevented
• Valued new use of evaluated flood plain
• Reduction in damages to public property
• Reduction in emergency costs
• Reduction in admin costs of NFIP and disaster
relief
• Damages prevented
Section 219 of WRDA 1999 (cont.)
• For real estate costs use comparable
•
flood free land and building cost
Betterments to gain DSS and housing
costs of last resort are not included in
flood free property cost.
Uniform Relocation Assistance and
Real Property Policies Act of 1970
and the Uniform Relocation Act
Amendments of 1987
 Purpose
To ensure that persons displaced as a direct
result of Federal and federally-assisted projects
are treated fairly, consistently, and equitably so
that such persons will not suffer
disproportionate injuries as a result of projects
designed for the benefit of the public as a
whole.
 Applicability
The requirements apply to any acquisition of real
property for a federal project or project, and to programs
and projects where there is Federal financial assistance in
any part of project costs except for:
Voluntary transactions that meet all of the following
conditions:
No specific site or property needs to be acquired
The property to be acquired is not part of an intended,
planned, or designated project area where all or
substantially all of the property within the area is to be
acquired within specific time limits
The Agency will not acquire the property in the event
negotiations fail to result in an amicable agreement,
and the owner is so informed in writing.
The Agency will inform the owner of what it believes to
be fair market value of the property.
Comparable Replacement
Dwelling
 Decent, Safe, and Sanitary
 Functionally Equivalent to the present
dwelling
 Located in an area not less desirable than
the present location
 Currently available in the private market
 Within the financial means of the
displaced person
Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real
Property Policies Act of 1970 and the Uniform
Relocation Act Amendments of 1987
The term “decent, safe, and sanitary” means a dwelling
which:
Is structurally sound, weathertight, and in good repair.
Contains a safe electrical wiring system adequate for lighting
and other devices.
Contains a heating system capable of sustaining a healthful
temperature (of approximately 70 degrees) for a displaced
person, except in those areas where local climatic conditions do
not require such a system.
Is adequate in size with respect to the number of rooms and area
of living space needed to accommodate the displaced person.
Has proper ingress and egress
Is properly connected to an appropriate water source and an
appropriate sewage system.
Uniform Relocation Assistance and
Real Property Policies Act of 1970 and
the Uniform Relocation Act
Amendments of 1987
 Replacement Housing Payments:
Owners who were in occupancy 180 days
or more prior to the initiation of
negotiations may be eligible for a
purchase supplement up to $22,500 or
rental assistance payment up to $5,250.
Tenants who were in occupancy for 90
days or more prior to initiation of
negotiation man be eligible for a rental
assistance payment up to $5,250.
 Housing of Last Resort
Engineering Regulation
1105-2-100
Engineering Regulation
1105-2-100
 Nonstructural measures shall receive equal
consideration in the Planning process
 New uses of evacuated flood plain
 Recreation
 Ecosystem restoration
 Recreation cost may not exceed 50% of
the total project costs
 Recreation benefits may exceed 50% of
the benefits needed for project
justification
Engineering Regulation
1105-2-100
New uses of evacuated flood plain (continued)
Benefits from ecosystem restoration and
recreation that are new uses of the evacuated
flood plain are considered flood damage
reduction
Land costs applicable to ecosystem restoration
should not exceed 25% of total project costs
Recreation and ecosystem restoration, if
considered incidental to the primary purpose
of flood damage reduction, can be cost shared
on the basis of flood damage reduction
Engineering Regulation
1105-2-100
 Relocation/buyout is justified by:
Value of the new use of the evacuated flood plain
Reduction in damage to public property
Reduction in emergency costs
Reduction in administrative costs of the NFIP
and disaster relief
Total flood damage reduced
Spillover benefits
 Two or more structures are needed unless single
property protection is part of a larger plan
benefiting multiple owners
 65%/35% cost share
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
National Nonstructural
Flood Proofing
Committee