Transcript Diapositiva 1

Internet del futuro
Prof.
Maurizio Dècina
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
1
Social Networks
Semantic Web
Internet of Things
Web Services
Increasing Knowledge Networking
The Internet of the Future
The Semantic Web
(knowledge)
The Ubiquitous Web
(people & objects)
The Web
(information)
The Social Web
(people)
Increasing Social Networking
After Nova Spivak, Radar Networks & Mills Davis, Project 10x
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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The Network of the Future
Internet Architecture & Network Technologies
Converged & Optical Networks

Application
server

Optical
switching
High Speed
Broadband Access
Gateway
Operator A
Public
Internet
Ad-Hoc mesh
relay
Optical
transmission
Application
server
European Commission,
Information Society & Media
Personal space

Cellular and
beyond
Operator B
Broadcast
Cooperating Objects/Sensor
Networks
Spectrum Efficient Radio Access
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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Internet with Things
Smart Cities
Smart
Buildings &
Homes
Smart Meters
Internet of Things
Environment
Monitoring &
Control
1012
Storage &
Logistics
Internet of
People
109
Vehicles &
Transportation
Industrial
Plants
Mobile Services
e-Health
Personal Sensors
Sensing
Applications
Internet + Internet of Things = Wisdom of the Earth
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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WSN 6LoWPAN & ROLL
Remote
Server
Local
Server
INTERNET
Router
Router
Backhaul link
R
R
H
Simple
LoWPAN
R
H
H
R
H
H
Ad-hoc
LoWPAN
Backbone
link
Edge
Router
R
H
R
H
R
H
R
H
IPv6-LoWPAN Router Stack
Edge
Router
R
R
H
R
H
Extended LoWPAN
R
H
Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks
(ROLL)
Standard routing algorithm for embedded
apps
Application specific requirements
• Home automation
• Commercial building automation
• Industrial automation
• Urban environment
Sources: 6LoWPAN, The Wireless Embedded Internet, Shelby & Bormann, 2009
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Representing & Identifying Things
An Individual, Uniquely
Addressable Resource
Web- Oriented
Architecture
(WOA)
URI
type
format
Web markup
Data
Images
Video
Code
HTML, XHTML
XML, ATOM, JSON
JPG, SVG, PNG
MPEG, AVI, H.264
Jsvascript, SWF
• Non exhaustive list of
possible representations
• Links (URIs) to globally unique
resources, in lieu of copies
Interact
via HTTP
WOA/Client
Resource
Examples:
Web page
Customer Orders
Products
Blog posts
Stock quotes
Geolocations
Map tiles
Headshots
Call records
Podcasts
Ajax components
Web widgets
Advertisements
OpenOffice docs
Source: Dion Hinchcliffe, 2008
• For each Real Object there is a
representation in the cloud for
duplications, synchronization, recreation of the object, etc.
• Actions and events on the Real Object
act on network images and clones, and
vice versa
•
•
•
Any Virtual Object is addressable
Every Virtual Object can be dynamically
associated to a User Identity
Every user can have control over a
specific virtualized object or aggregation
of objects
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Programming the Web of Things
WoT 3.0
High
User value
Internet of Things
DiY
applications
Web 2.0
Bottom-up
applications
Web 1.0
Top-down
applications
Low
Low
Design effort
High
Embedded Web Services
CoRE, Constrained RESTful Environment
CoAP, Constrained Application Protocol
DPWS, Device Profile for Web Services
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
Source: Lieven Trappeniers, 2009
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Cloud Computing Taxonomy
SERVICE
CATEGORIES
BUSINESS PROCESSES AS A SERVICE (BPAAS)
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS)
PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (PAAS)
INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS)
DEDICATED
COMMUNITY
HYBRID CLOUD
PRIVATE
CLOUD
PUBLIC
CLOUD
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
Behavioral Cloudonomics
by Joe Weinman, 2010
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Old and New Internet Models
National
Backbone
Operators
Settlement
free
Tier 1 ISP
NAP
NAP
Local
Access
Providers
IXP
Pay for
transit BW
Regional
Access
Providers
ISP1
ISP2
ISP3
Global Transit/
National
Backbones
“Hyper Giants”
Global
“Hyper
Content,
CDN, Consumer Internet
Giants”
Core
IXP
ISP1
ISP2
Pay for
access BW
Consumer and business customers
Regional/
Tier2
Providers
Customer
Networks
ISP1
Flatter and much more densely interconnected
Internet
Disintermediation between content and eyeball networks
New commercial models between content, consumer and transit
Customer
Networks
Consumer and business customers
NAP: Neutral Access Point
IXP: Internet Exchange Point
Source: Craig Labowitz, Arbor Networks , April, 2011
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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Managed Internet Services (QoS)
Cloud
Computing
The evolution to on-demand service models, enabled by virtualization
and communication networks, offers the opportunity to further
advanced scenarios of "utility computing "
Internet of
Things
The spread of cheap and pervasive computing capacity and sensors
opens the way for automation applications and mass market Web
applications involving personal and public smart objects
Smart Grid
The transformation of the energy sector (especially electricity) is based
on a substantial supply of ICT infrastructure components able to
"activate“ the energy transport network
e-Health
The emerging need for health and social care (also associated with the
growth of population life expectancy) finds in ICT a chance to increase
effectiveness and efficiency
Intelligent
Vehicle
Transportation
ICT offers opportunities to support the growing need of security, safety
and efficiency in the transportation sector, in particular for vehicles
traffic automation and control
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Mobile NFC Applications
Card Emulation Mode
Transaction:
Mobile payments, Ticketing, Access control,
Transit, Top-ups, Toll gate
SECURE
Peer to peer Communications
Connectivity:
Data transfer: fast, easy & convenient
device association, setup & configuration
Reader Mode
Service Discovery:
Content distribution, Information access,
Smart advertising
Source: NFC Forum, 2008
Tata Docomo, Active Poster
Wave & Pay
m-Health
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
Alcatel-Lucent Wallet Phone
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Future Mobile Device
SENSING
Augmented reality UI
Map, 3D, in building navigation
INTERACTING
Connection manager
Sources: from Qualcomm, USI, 2010
Local content &
service discovery
SEEING
KNOWS
You and what is
around you
LEARNS
What you like
DISCOVERS
Things relevant to
you
FILTERS
Out the
irrelevant
Massive scale computations (billions of simultaneous transactions) needed to mash up
personal data, preferences, real world data, and device capability
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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Internet of Things, Big Data &
Collective Intelligence
Distributed
Cloud
Big Data
Servers & storage
Analysis engines
Virtual people, devices
& objects
Mobile
Devices
People
People, personal spaces
& social networks
Mirror
World
Smart
Objects
Universe of
smart objects
personal, social &
public objects
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Wireline vs. Wireless
Peak Access Bandwidth
1 Terabit/s
Wireline & Wireless Public Access
Aggregated Bandwidth Peaks
WDM-PON

100 Gbit/s
10 Gbit/s
GPON

1 Gbit/s
100 Mbit/s
10 Mbit/s
1 Mbit/s ISDN
100 kbit/s 
10 kbit/s
1995
ADSL

VDSL2
ADSL2+ 

10GPON


LTE-Beyond

LTE-Advanced


HSPA
NG-PON2

LTE

HSPA+

UMTS
GSM

2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Source: M. Dècina, 2011
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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Reti «convergenti» fisse e mobili
Common Public Radio Interface
over Optical Networks
DWDM PON
RRU
RN
RRU
Micro Cell
Cluster
Micro/Pico Cell
Cluster
DWDM RING
DWDM PON
DWDM PON
RN
Central Unit CU
RRU - Antenna
& RF Assets
Coverage Area
(baseband, BBU)
RRU
Macro cells
Micro cells
Micro/Pico Cell
Cluster
Pico/Femto cells
Alcatel-Lucent
LightRadio
User Capacity/Throughput
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Converged Access and Aggregation
PoP A
Optical Packet Backbone
30 PoP Areas
BB
NAT
ISw
OLO kdc
Legacy GW
PoP B
BB
NAT
ISw
BNAS
BNAS
Legacy GW
SN
SN
SN
SN
SNSN
CN
Mobile
CN
Mobile
SN
SNSN
SN
SN
SN
CDN
CDN
DPI
DPI, NAT & Cache
AgN
AgN
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
CDN
AgN
ON
Optical Node
L1
AN
Access Node
L2
AgN
L3
L3
DPI
DWDM (mesh & ring)
BNAS blades
L1
OLO kdc
SN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ISw
Intra PoP Switch
Aggregation Node
CDN
Content Delivery
SN
Service Node
DPI
Deep Packet Inspection
BB
BackBone Node
NAT
Address Translation
Access Site
AN
Access Site
Access Site
AN
Access Site
Access Site
AN
Access Site<
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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Piattaforme di controllo e servizio
Convergenza ?
IMS
HSS
AS
Content Mgmt
POP
DAM
Accesso
CSCF
Messaging
Policy Manager
Mobile Core
IP Edge
DPI
PE
BNAS
HLR
HSS
AS
CSCF
CDN
SBC
SBC: Session Border Controller
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
DAM: Digital Asset Management
DPI: Deep Packet Inspection
MME: Mobility Management Entity
PDNG: Packet Data Network GTW
IMS
MSC
MME
PDNG
DPI
GGSN
SGSN
Aggregation / Metro
Fisso BB
Mobile 2G/3G/4G
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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Software Defined Networks
Well-defined
open API
Controller
Feature/App
...
Feature/App
Abstract Network View
Network OS
Feature
Rete tradizionale
F
F
OS
Custom Hardware
Open interface to
packet forwarding
Feature
F
F
OS
 Separazione del Piano di Controllo dal Piano Dati; il
Custom Hardware
controllo diventa ‘logicamente’ centralizzato nel
Network Operating Systems (NOS)
 API aperte sia con i nodi (es. oggi con OpenFlow) sia
con le applicazioni, permettendo attraverso una serie
di astrazioni la programmabilità di rete
 Integrazione tra i domini IT e di Rete
Hardware
standard
Feature
F
Hardware
standard
F
OS
Hardware
standard
Custom
Hardwaredella flessibilità e velocità di

Aumento
innovazione
 Riduzione degli investimenti
 Semplificazione delle procedure
operative
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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Architettura di rete del futuro
Third Party Services
Telco
Services
Virtual
Retail
Evolution
Env.ss
Future of
Energy
Future
Learning
Enterprise
Processes
Ecosystem of Services
API
Iaas, PaaS, SaaS,
CaaS, NaaS,…
+
Network Services
API
Abstract Network View
Network OS
API
Access
IP Platform
Wireline
Optical Platform
Wireless
Aggregation
Metro
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
Core
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Nomi e indirizzi per mobilità: 3GPP
•
•
Nomi
– IMSI – International Mobile Subscriber Number
– Temporary IMSI: TIMSI
Indirizzi
– MSISDN Number
– MSRN - Roaming Number
– HON – Hand Over Number
Roaming Number
HLR
GMSC
HLR
GMSC
Hand Over Number
VLR
MSC
Service
Area
BSC
Service
Area
MSC
Service
Area
Cellular Operator A
Service
Area A
Cells
VLR
Service
Area
Service
Area
MSC
Service
Area
Cellular Operator B
Service
Area B
Mobile
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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Distributed Hash Table - DHT
•
Chord: Query Routing
Properties
– Routing table size O(log(N)), where
N is the total number of nodes
– Guarantees that a file is found in
O(log(N)) steps
Succ. Table
i id+2i succ
0 1 1
1 2 2
2 4 6
• Routing Rule
Upon receiving a query for item id, a
node
– Checks whether stores the item
locally
– If not, forwards the query to the
largest node in its successor table
that does not exceed id, or that is
equal or immediately greater than
id
0
i id+2i succ
0 7 0
1 0 0
2 2 2
i id+2i succ
0 2 2
1 3 6
2 5 6
query(7)
6
Item 1
2
Hash size=3 bit
4 nodes, 8 items
Succ. Table
Items
3; 4; 5; 6
Succ. Table
1
7
Items 7; 0
Succ. Table
5
4
3
i id+2i succ
0 3 6
1 4 6
2 6 6
Item 2
N Nodes, K Items: each node k stores items with id ≤ k
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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Content Centric Networking
• NDO – Named Data Object
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Web page
Document
Movie
Photo
Song
Streaming media
Interactive media…
• Namespace: hierarchical vs. flat
• NRS – Name Resolution Service
• Routing of NDO request
• Routing of NDO back to requester
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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Content Centric Networking
Data Oriented Network Architecture, DONA
Resolution Handlers
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
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Content Centric Networking
Publish Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm - PSIRP
SI: Scope ID
RI: Rendezvous ID
FI: Forward ID
Requester
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