Transcript Royce INTERNATIONAL Presents PHENALKAMINES …

ROYCE INTERNATIONAL AND ATUL LTD.
Present
Di- and Tri-Functional Epoxides
As Reactive Diluents In Epoxy Systems
Authors
Dr. Hubert Monteiro
Mr. Harshad Deshpande
COMMITTED TO YOUR SUCCESS……SINCE 1929
© 2005. Royce International USA
1. Diluents Selected
• Aliphatic difunctional diluents
Neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether (NPGDGE)
1:4-butane-diol diglycidyl ether (BDGE)
1:6-hexane-diol diglycidyl ether (HDGE)
• Aliphatic trifunctional diluent
Trimethylol propane triglycidyl ether (TMPTGE)
• Aromatic difunctional diluent
Resorcinol diglycidyl ether (RDGE)
2. Viscosity & Epoxy Equivalent Weight of Diluents used
Diluent
EEW
Viscosity at 25oC
NPGDGE
137
14
BDGE
110
13
HDGE
124
16
TMPTGE
128
230
RDGE
113
165
3. Efficiency of Diluents
(phr of diluent added to B-11 to obtain a viscosity of 2000 cP)
NPGDGE
19.8
BDGE
18.5
HDGE
14.3
TMPTGE
42.9
RDGE
50
4. Viscosity of Mix with XH 56 and XH 56-1
Diluent
XH 56
XH 56-1
Mix
Viscosity
Mix
Viscosity
Ratio phr
Ratio phr
B-11 / NPGDGE
30.1
2038
27.2
1812
B-11 / BDGE
32.6
1223
29.4
996
B-11 / HDGE
31.3
1857
28.3
1449
B-11 / TMPTGE
34.1
2491
30.8
1857
B-11 / RDGE
36.5
2165
33
1882
B-11
29
5689
27
4587
Viscosity in cP at 25oC
5. Gel Time and Pot-life in minutes
Gel Time at 80oC
Pot Life at 25oC
Diluent
XH 56
XH 56-1
XH 56
XH 56-1
NPGDGE
48
11
178
39
BDGE
43
9
127
33
HDGE
43
8
113
27
TMPTGE
29
8
110
29
RDGE
22
6
76
22
B-11
31
9
156
37
6. Tg before and after post-curing
Tg before post curing
Tg after post curing
XH 56
XH 56-1
XH 56
XH 56-1
NPGDGE
97
108
120.5
122
BDGE
100.5
107.5
118
134
HDGE
113.2
118.6
121.2
124.8
TMPTGE
105.5
111.8
132
135.9
RDGE
106.7
121.2
132.3
138
B-11
121.3
131.3
134.1
141.4
Tg after Gel time +24 hrs at
RT, (°C)
Tg after Gel time +24 hrs at
RT+100°C/3h +140°C/2h
(°C)
7. Water Absorption
Diluent
XH 56
XH 56-1
XH 56
XH 56-1
NPGDGE
0.1
0.09
0.46
0.42
BDGE
0.13
0.06
0.5
0.37
HDGE
0.1
0.07
0.32
0.33
TMPTGE
0.13
0.08
0.52
0.37
RDGE
0.08
0.04
0.3
0.2
B-11
0.1
0.06
0.05
0.03
Water absorption after 24 hrs
at RT % w/w
Water absorption after
100°c /2h % w/w
8. Shear strength after post-curing (kgf/mm2)
Diluent
XH 56
XH 56-1
NPGDGE
0.4844
0.4328
BDGE
0.7414
0.688
HDGE
0.565
0.5612
TMPTGE
0.5895
0.5736
RDGE
0.555
0.5575
B 11
0.6117
0.6015
9. Tensile strength after post-curing (kgf/mm2)
Diluent
XH 56
XH 56-1
NPGDGE
5.48
5.44
BDGE
7.55
6.62
HDGE
7.60
6.43
TMPTGE
6.99
5.87
RDGE
8.59
7.74
B-11
7.56
7.3
10. Tensile elongation at break after post-curing (%)
Diluent
XH 56
XH 56-1
NPGDGE
4.11
3.98
BDGE
4.58
4.31
HDGE
4.25
4.01
TMPTGE
4.65
4.57
RDGE
4.98
4.85
B-11
4.8
4.78
11. Compressive strength after post-curing (kgf/mm2)
Diluent
XH 56
XH 56-1
NPGDGE
11.25
10.98
BDGE
12.24
11.87
HDGE
11.95
11.52
TMPTGE
12.78
12.25
RDGE
13.02
12.65
B-11
14.22
13.52
12. Impact strength after post-curing (kgf cm/cm2)
Diluent
XH 56
XH 56-1
NPGDGE
8.8
6.5
BDGE
10.8
9.6
HDGE
9.7
8.9
TMPTGE
9.0
7.0
RDGE
11.4
11.0
B-11
10.7
7.8
13. Electrical Properties of B-11 / BDGE / XH 56-1
Dielectric constant at 50 Hz
3.05
Dissipation Factor (tan delta) at 50 Hz
0.005
Dielectric strength
18 kV/mm
14. Conclusions
• Resorcinol Diglycidyl Ether gives the highest Tg but very poor dilution
efficiency. Because of health hazard it is ruled out.
• Trimethylol propane triglycidyl ether gives next best Tg. Good
mechanical properties as well. If high dilution ratio (~40 phr diluent) is
acceptable, it can be recommended.
• 1:4-butane-diol diglycidyl ether is the best difunctional aliphatic
diluent with good efficiency, moderately high Tg (134oC) and best
overall mechanical properties. Hence it is ideal for filament winding,
pultrusion, casting and encapsulation.