Transcript Slide 1

TTI
Large Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
BP CO2 Sequestration
Geology of the San Joaquin Valley
by
Terralog Technologies USA, Inc.
February 13, 2008
Large Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
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Oil fields in the southern San Joaquin Valley; studied fields in red
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Field/Area
API
range
Alphalto
19-35
Belridge North
13-52
Belridge South
11 to 37
Shallowest
producing interval
(API)
Etchegoin (19 API)
Tulare-Etchegoin (13
API)
Tulare (11 API)
Average
Average Cumulative Estimated Cumulative Estimated
depth (ft), Deepest Producing
depth
Oil
Oil
Gas
Gas
shallowest
Interval (API)
(ft),
Produced Reserves
Produced
Reserves
interval
deepest
(Mbbl)
(Mbbl)
(MMcf)
(MMcf)
3,050
Carneros (31-60 API) 8,570
36,953
891
112,087
8,825
600
Y Sand (32 API)
8,550
136,553
27,443
737,318
46,716
400
Devilwater/Gould (37
API)
8,200
1,468,742
520,215
482,463
142,494
666,802
8,155
1,094,261
4,300
131,305
1,445
60,112
49,710
not
available
5,300
535,497
6,710
1,034,148
49,710
17,500
164,522
1,333
248,091
2,196
11,680
59,162
488
459,449
13,758
9,500
1,285,267
106,544
2,149,720
707,176
11,300
115,509
1,678
108,750
1,977
4,200
367,536
303,374
109,773
19,972
627,835
225,836
117,950
21,051
2,0004,750
200,565
2,643
33,417
60
8,300
102,809
17,329
192,419
20,992
61,432
165
432,524
350
11,500
60,197
165
422,970
350
11,900
1,235
not
available
9,553
not
available
11,650
117,487
1,936
132,226
1,417
11,500
110,716
2,561
96,411
2,833
Buena Vista
Above Scalez (AS)
Front Area 18 to 28
4,200
Mulina (18-28 API)
(18-28 API)
Top Oil (Sub-Scalez)
555 Stevens (26-32
Buena Vista Hills 19 to 36
2,300
(19-36 API)
API)
Coles Levee
Point of Rocks ABD
33-49
Stevens (33-49 API)
5,300
North
(57 API)
Coles Levee
30-56
Stevens (30-56 API) 9,600-9,900
Nozu (39.2 API)
South
Elk Hills
10 to 50
Tulare (10 API)
1,120
Agua (37 API)
Rio Bravo-Vedder
Greeley
34-36
Stevens (36 API)
8,300
(36 API)
Lost Hills
12 to 40 Tulare (12-18 API)
200
Devilwater (32 API)
McKittrick
Tulare-San Joaquin
Main Area 12 to 32
300-500 Stevens (19-32 API)
(12-19 API)
Tulare (Amnicola)
Northeast Area 11 to 39
650
Oceanic (36 API)
(12-25 API)
Paloma
Paloma (Stevens; 35- 10,000- Lower Stevens (36-47
Main 35-55
55 API)
10,300
API)
Symons (Stevens; 37Paloma (Stevens; 29Symons 29-60
11,400
60 API)
57 API)
"Upper Olcese" (32Rio Bravo
32-40
10,200
Hebling (35 API)
34 API)
Yowlumne
32-34
Etchegoin (32 API)
10,400
10-4 (Stevens)
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1999
Texas
1,464,000 barrels of oil per day
Louisiana
1,333,000 barrels of oil per day
Alaska
1,044,000 barrels of oil per day
California
876,000 barrels of oil per day
Kern County
560,000 barrels of oil per day
Oklahoma
193,000 barrels of oil per day
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Asphalto
Coles Levee South
Paloma
Yowlumne
Greeley
Rio Bravo
Belridge North
Cumulative oil and condensate
produced (Mbbl)
Coles Levee North
McKittrick
Lost Hills
Buena Vista
Elk Hills
Belridge South
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
Cumulative oil and condensate production as of December, 2006
(DOGGR, 2007)
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Yowlumne
Greeley
Asphalto
Rio Bravo
McKittrick
Coles Levee North
Paloma
Cumulative gas produced
(MMcf)
Coles Levee South
Belridge South
Lost Hills
Belridge North
Buena Vista
Elk Hills
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
Cumulative gas production as of December, 2006
(DOGGR, 2007)
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Paloma
Rio Bravo
Greeley
Coles Levee North
Yowlumne
Asphalto
Coles Levee South
Estimated gas
reserves (MMcf)
McKittrick
Belridge North
Buena Vista
Lost Hills
Belridge South
Elk Hills
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
Estimated gas reserves as of December, 2006
(DOGGR, 2007)
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Structure of the San Joaquin
Valley.
NSB=Northern Sierran block;
SSB=Southern Sierran block;
NDH=northern Diablo homocline;
WFB= westside fold belt;
M-TS=Maricopa-Tejon subbasin
(Bartow, 1991)
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(DOGGR, 1998)
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San Joaquin basin
stratigraphic column
(Scheirer & Magoon, 2007)
Oil reservoir rock in green
Gas reservoir rock in red
Shale dashed lines
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Typical sand and mud deposition in submarine fan turbidite systems
(Henderson, 1987
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Formation/Member
Age
Tulare
Pleistocene
San Joaquin
Pliocene
Etchegoin
Pliocene
Depositional Environment
Lithology
Non-marine alluvial, fluvial
Poorly consolidated gravels, sands, clays, silts;
& lacustrine
occasional limestones and conglomerates
Restrictive shallow marine
Alternating clays interbedded with sands; graded
and non-marine
downward to marine sands, silts & shale; fossiliferous
Transgressive shallow
Poorly sorted massive sands, shales, silts and clays;
marine shelf, deltaic, bay &
fossiliferous
estuary
Reef Ridge
Miocene
Deep marine basin
Hard,siliceous shale, silty shale; thin sand lenses
Reef Ridge/Olig
Miocene
Monterey/Antelope Shale
Miocene
Monterey/Stevens
Miocene
Deep-sea fan, channel
turbidites within deep basin
Well-sorted, medium- to fine-grained sands
interbedded with shale; locally conglomeratic
Lower Monterey
Miocene
Deep marine starved basin
Siliceous shale, interbedded silts & fine-grained sands
Upper Temblor/Carneros
Miocene
Freeman-Jewett/Olcese
Miocene
Lower Temblor/Santos-Agua
Oligocene
Vedder
Oligocene
Tumey
Eocene
Kreyenhagen/Point of Rocks
Eocene
Basin margin & deep marine
Massive to thin-bedded sands, fine- to coarse-grained
fan/turbidites
Hard,siliceous shale, silty shale; minor sand & silt
Deep marine starved basin
laminations
Basin margin & deep marine
Massive sands interbedded with thick shales
fan/turbidites
Transgressive
Fine- to medium-grained sands and silty sand; poorly to
shallow/littoral to outer
well sorted; friable
marine shelf
Shallow to outer shelf &
Shale and siltstone with sandstone lenses; glauconitic
slope
& phosphatic sandstone & siltstone
Deltaic (?); inner shelf to
outer shelf & slope
Deep marine basin; slope
turbidite (?)
Highstand slope & basin
turbidites in deep marine
basin
Well-sorted, very fine- to medium-grained sandstone
with silt & shale interbeds
Basal massive siltstone; upper hard, siltstone & shale
Poorly sorted sands interbedded in bathyal, basinal
shales
Major reservoir
formations in
the southern
San Joaquin
basin, their
depositional
environments
and lithologies
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Formation/Member
Tulare
San Joaquin
Etchegoin
Reef Ridge
Reef Ridge/Olig
Monterey/Antelope
Shale
Monterey/Stevens
Lower Monterey
Upper
Temblor/Carneros
FreemanJewett/Olcese
Lower
Temblor/Santos-Agua
Vedder
Tumey
Kreyenhagen/Point of
Rocks
Age
Fields
Belridge North; Belridge South; Elk Hills; Lost Hills;
Pleistocene
McKittrick Main & NE
Buena Vista Front & Hills; Elk Hills; McKittrick Main
Pliocene
& NE
Asphalto; Belridge North; Belridge South; Buena Vista
Pliocene
Front & Hills; Elk Hills; Lost Hills; Yowlumne
Belridge North; Belridge South; Buena Vista Hills;
Miocene
Lost Hills; McKittrick Main
Miocene
Asphalto; Elk Hills; McKittrick Main & NE
Asphalto; Belridge South; Buena Vista Hills;
Miocene
McKittrick Main & NE
Asphalto; Buena Vista Hills; Coles Levee North; Coles
Miocene
Levee South; Elk Hills; Greeley; Mckittrick Main;
Paloma; Yowlumne
Miocene
Lost Hills; Coles Levee South
Asphalto; Belridge North; Elk Hills; Lost Hills;
Miocene
McKittrick NE
Miocene
Greeley; Rio Bravo
Oligocene
Belridge North; Elk Hills; McKittrick NE
Oligocene
Eocene
Greeley; Rio Bravo
Belridge North; McKittrick NE
Eocene
McKittrick NE; Coles Levee North
Fields with
production from
major reservoir
formations
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Potential Fields for CO2 Sequestration
Based on potential storage capacity (pore volume), multiple
target zones below 5000ft depth and presence of seals
Elk Hills
Belridge North
Paloma
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Belridge South
Lost Hills
Asphalto
McKttrick
Buena Vista
Coles Levee North
Coles Levee South
Greeley
Yowlumne
Rio Bravo
Paloma
Belridge North
Elk Hills
0.00E+00
1.00E+10
2.00E+10
3.00E+10
Estimated pore volumes for studied fields
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Elk Hills
Discovered 1919
2,777 wells as of 12/2006
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Pliocene contour map and cross section
showing strucutre of Elk Hills anticlines (Fiore,
et al., 2007)
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Miocene structure contour map
(DOGGR, 1998)
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Cross section for Elk Hills
(DOGGR, 1998)
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Stratigraphic column
for Elk Hills
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TARGET ZONE
THICKNESS
(ft)
POROSITY (%)
AREA
(mmft2)
PORE VOL
(ft3)
SEAL
Olig
15
21
271
8.56E+08
Reef Ridge Shale
Stevens
275
21
271
1.57E+10
Reef Ridge Shale
Northwest Stevens
200
21
46
1.78E+09
Reef Ridge Shale
Carneros
170
19
271
6.93E+09
Media Shale
Agua
480
-
1.1
-
Santos Shale
Potential CO2 targets and seals for Elk Hills
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Belridge North
Discovered in 1912
1072 wells as of 12/2006
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Structure contour
map for the
Oligocene of
Belridge North
(DOGGR, 1998)
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Cross section and
stratigraphy for
Belridge North (DOGGR,
1998)
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Extent of diatomite reservoir, North and South Belridge fields
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TARGET ZONE
THICKNESS (ft)
POROSITY
(%)
AREA
(mmft2)
PORE VOL (ft3)
SEAL
“Temblor Sand”
600
25
67
1.01E+10
Devilwater/Gould shales
Carneros
80
17
67
9.11E+08
Media Shale
R Sand (Agua)
150
16
67
1.61E+09
Santos Shale
Bloemer/Belridge
64/Gibson
400
14
67
3.75E+09
Lower Santos Shale
Y Sand
75
15
67
7.54E+08
Cymric Shale
Potential CO2 target zones and seals for Belridge North
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Paloma
Discovered in 1939
28 wells as of 12/2006
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Structure contour map for the upper
Miocene of the Paloma oil field
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Cross section of the Paloma field
(DOGGR, 1998)
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Stratigraphy for the
Paloma field
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TARGET ZONE
THICKNESS (ft)
POROSITY
(%)
AREA
(mmft2)
PORE VOL (ft3)
SEAL
Paloma (Stevens)
250
20
50
2.5E+09
Antelope Shale and Reef Ridge
Shale
Lower Stevens
200
16
47
1.5E+09
Antelope Shale
Potential CO2 target zones and seals for the Paloma field
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CONCLUSIONS
Extensive regional shales and thick, lenticular sand bodies in
multiple fields
Based on potential storage volume estimated from pore volume for
producing zones at >5000ft depth, candidate fields for CO2
sequestration include:
Elk Hills
Belridge North
Paloma
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