Transcript Chapter 9

Overview of the Skeleton
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The skeletal system includes
Bones of the skeleton
Cartilages, ligaments and other
connective tissues that stabilize and
connect
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Functions of the skeletal system
Support
Storage of minerals and lipids
Blood cell production
Protection
Leverage
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Subdivisions of the skeleton
Axial
Lies around the body’s center of gravity
Appendicular
Limbs
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Bone structure = two types of bone
Compact bone (dense)
Spongy bone (cancellous)
trabecula
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Classification of bones
By the shape
Long
Flat
Short
Irregular
Sesamoid
Sutural
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Classification of bones
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Bone Markings
(Surface Features)
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Bone markings
 Projection that are sites of muscle and ligament
attachment:
Tubercle (tubercle of the rib)
Tuberosity (tibial tuberosity)
Trochanter (femur)
Epicondyle (medial epicondyle-femur)
Line (line aspera-femur)
Crest (pubic crest)
Process (spinous process)
Spine (ischial spine)
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Bone markings
Projections that help to form joints:
Head (femur)
Facet (costal facet)
Condyle (femur)
Ramus (mandible)
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Bone markings
Cavities:
Sinus (maxillary)
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Bone markings
 Depressions and openings for blood vessels
and nerves to pass:
Foramen (ovale)
Meatus (acoustic meatus)
Fissure (orbital)
Fossa (posterior cranial fossa)
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A typical long bone includes
Diaphysis
Periosteum
Perforating fibers (Sharpey’s)
Endosteum
Epiphyses
Epiphysial plate
Epiphysial line
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A typical long bone includes
Articular cartilage
Marrow cavity
Filled with red or yellow marrow
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Bone Structure
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Bone Growth at an Epiphyseal
Cartilage
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Bone Histology
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The Histology of Compact Bone
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Compact bone
Basic unit of compact bone is an osteon
Osteocytes
Lacunae
Perforating canals (Volkmann’s)
Central canal
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Compact bone
Canaliculi
Lamella
Circumferential
Interstitial
Concentric
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The Structure of Osseous
Tissue
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