Transcript SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO

SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
Technology Overview
ELITEX 2008
New Delhi 18th Jan 08
Simon Zachariah
Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
TRIVANDRUM
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BROADCAST & COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, CDAC
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SDR - DEFINITION
Radio that provides software control of a variety of
modulation techniques, wideband or narrowband
operation, communication security functions and
waveform requirements of current and evolving
standards over a broad frequency range.
‘The radio waveform personality can be reconfigured
through software’
‘Multi-band,Multi-standard,Multi-service,Multi-channel’
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SDR EXPLAINED
Hardware Radio
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Software Defined Radio
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DUAL MODE RADIO
Software
GSM
Chipset
CDMA
chipset
Hardware
Micro controller
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RE-CONFIGURABLE RADIO
Processing Engine
RF to Digital
DSP
FPGA
FPGA
Software
Hardware
Micro controller
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SDR KEY BENEFITS
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
A single Hardware for Multi-standard, multiband
and multifunctional Wireless Systems


Software Upgrade for add on functionalities



Higher levels of software reusability
Customization of a single generic hardware for
diverse needs
Lower costs to meet new user demands
Lower time to market new terminals
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SDR ADVANTAGES
 Complete Base band processing digital – Reconfigurable
 Software upgrading of commercial radios – Future proof
 Generic hardware can be used for a variety of applications
– Inventory
 Software prototyping faster and cheaper than hardware
prototyping – Time to market
 Libraries of software radio components are easily created
and shared – Reuse
 Digital processing of signals is ideal, unencumbered by the
non-linearities that plague analog hardware-Reliability
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SDR ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
Why SDR took so long to happen?
 ADC : the single most demanding performance
 DAC : similar to ADC requirements
 DDC / DUC : (Digital down/up converters) programmable embedded DSP
functionalities with NCO for RSP/TSP with frequency hopping capability
 FPGAs: Embedded DSP functionalities
 DSP : meet computational requirements of base band processing
 Host Processor : OE, Protocol stacks, MMI, system controls
 Operating System S/W and F/W
 Broadband RF Front End
 Smart Antennas
 Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier (MCPA) in Base Stations
These enabling technologies had to mature
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SDR USER SEGMENTS
Civil wireless
Military
PMR
Diverse Waveforms and Form Factors, Emerging standards,
User wish-lists often from LF to microwave! And AM, FM …. GSM
…. CDMA … Bluetooth … and (sigh!) ends up today with WiMax.
Success lies in judicious user-segmentation and application
Power consumption is still a problem
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SDR MILITARY DRIVE
The US DoD -Speak Easy Projects
JTRS Waveforms and Form Factors
The Software Communication
Architecture
H/W interoperability – S/W portability –
Custom waveforms
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WAVEFORM DEFINITION
All processes between the signal source
and antenna
Also referred to as Air Interface
FM, Havequick, Link16, TETRA….. All have
specific waveforms
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COGNITIVE RADIO
 IEEE “A radio that is aware of its environment and
internal state and alter its behaviour based on the
information and predefined objective”
 CR is designed to intelligently detect whether a
particular segment of the radio spectrum is
currently in use, and to jump into (and out of, as
necessary) the temporarily-unused spectrum very
rapidly, without interfering with the transmissions of
other authorized users.
 CR can run on a hardware radio or SDR
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SDR HARDWARE……..
 Digital Signal Processing replaces several analog
hardware stages of traditional radios
 Analog front-end still required:
 Digital-analog conversion, DAC/ADC
 RF, IF Filtering
 Mixing IF   RF
 Amplification
 Antennas
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SOFTWARE RADIO
ADC/
DAC
Dig
Proc
I/O
 If the Radio Space has only a few signals in LF/HF
 No ADC exists with the bandwidth and resolution
required (sampling speed & no: of bits) to cope with
the dynamic range
 With today’s technology, how close to the antenna the
ADC/DAC can be placed?
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SDR-HARDWARE ARCHITECHTURE
Information
input
OE, PROTOCOLS, MMI
GPP
Multiband
Antenna
I
Q
Digital
UpConverter
Information
output
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Digital
Q DownConverter
Wideband
DAC
Wideband
ADC
IF
IF
RF
upconverter
RF Power
amplifier
RF
downconverter
RF
low-noise
amplifier
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SDR-SOFTWARE ARCHITECHTURE
• Capable of ensuring the important SDR features
• An open architecture
– Allows third party waveform/component development
• Standardised procedure for Loading and Control of
software modules
• Should be one relying on proven technologies –
shorter development time
• SCA from JTRS meets these criteria, natural choice
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SOFTWARE COMMUNICATION
ARCHITECTURE-SCA
 The Software Communications Architecture (SCA) is a
US DoD (Department of Defense)defined framework
standard that specifies rules on how to develop, deploy,
and configure Software Defined Radio (SDR).
 The main goal of the SCA is to reduce cost and
increase interoperability in SDRs.
 SCA is being adopted worldwide as a standard for
military radios. It is expected that future global
programmable radios in other fields, such as public
safety, will adopt the SCA.
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WHAT SCA CAN DO!
SCA specifies an architecture for
• component portability,
• inter-changeability, and
• software reuse, and
• architecture scalability
of communication platforms
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SCA ARCITECTURE
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SCA-RADIO COMPOSITION
Application Factory
Device manager
Keep track
of HW in
the system
Manage
collection of
resources to
create
waveform
File System Manager
Store working
environment, bit
images,
properties, etc.
Application
Manage waveform operation
Resources
Devices
Boot up and
maintain HW
Capabilities e.g.,
Start and stop,
test, describe
Domain Manager
Keep track of
what’s there
(installed)
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Port
Connections
between resources
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DIT - SDR PROJECT WITH CDAC
 Build SDR development capability in the country
 Develop a proto type to demonstrate basic features of SDR
 Emphasis is to demonstrate SDR features with limited
Features of the selected waveforms
 Separate projects under taken for digital radio development
 Standards Compliance is not intended
 Bring synergy among various Govt. agencies in the
country who are involved in SDR activities
 Joint development with SAMEER
 Close interaction with WESEE, DEAL & CAIR
 Close interaction with user community (Army & Navy)
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NEED FOR INDIGENOUS SDR
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
 High IPR content
 Need for indigenous base on strategic reasons
 The technology of tomorrow’s Wireless
 Military and Commercial interest
 Success of 3G and beyond depends heavily on SDR
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CDAC IN RETROSPECT
CDAC
IS ANPRODUCTS
SDR FORUM MEMBER
CDAC
TETRA
Portable BS-4U
1U=44.43mm
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CDAC SDR PROJECT - GENESIS
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SDR Study Report
2004
Study Report Review
2005
DIT Initiatives on SDR Mission Project
2005
Joint Proposal by CDAC & SAMEER
2006
Proposal review and approval by WG Jan 2007
Administrative approval received
April 2007
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CDAC SDR PROJECT SCOPE
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COTS Development Platform
Own H/W Platform
Two Reconfigurable Waveforms
One PMR – TETRA
One Military Legacy Radio – Stars V
SCA Compliant
More Waveforms to follow
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SDR ‘DREAM’
“Dream is not what you see in sleep.It
is the thing which does not let you sleep.”
Dr. A P J Kalam
Today CDAC have an ‘SDR Dream’ and plans to
fulfill it through a well defined SDR technology
development roadmap
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[email protected]
DIT- [email protected]
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SDR-IMPORTANT REFERENCES
1. Software Defined Radio:Origins,Drivers and International Perspectives
By Tuttlebee
2. Software Defined Radio:Enabling Technologies By Tuttlebee
3. Software Defined Radio- Selected Readings By Mitola and Zvonar
4. Software Defined Radio for 3G By Paul Burns
4. SDR study Report
By C-DAC (www.mit.gov.in)
5. SDR Forum web site www.sdrforum.org
PRESENATION REFENCE: INFORMATION FROM SDR FORUM
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