Transcript interoperability as recombinant potential

Interoperability:
recombinant potential
Lorcan Dempsey
‘opportunities for applied research on the creation,
management, preservation, and use of digital
content’
IMLS workshop
17/18 March 2003
Overview
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MARC
MARC-XML, MODS, Dublin Core, Onix, LOM
EAD, TEI, DC, MARC
METS, SCORM
DDI, FGDC, ..
MARC AMC, EAD, DC, RSLP
OAIS, METS, OCLC/RLG, …
Z39.50, SRU/W, Xquery, …
SOAP, WSDL, UDDI, …
GIF, TIFF, PNG, JPEG, …
XML, RDF, ..
DDC, LCSH, LCC, TGN, AAT, …
PURL, DOI, ISTC, URN, …
XRML,ODRL,..
Overview
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Remarks on interoperability
Institutional perspective
Interoperability frameworks
Concluding remarks
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Inconclusive!!!
– Different mental models
– The words of things entangle
and confuse
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document, repository,
archive, digital library,
registry, …
“Creative knowledge you can put in your pocket”
Interoperability as recombinant potential
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Can I …
– … add a document to a repository?
– … add a repository to a distributed query?
– … fuse metadata from one repository with another?
– … assemble these resources into a learning package?
– … embed an interactive service in my exhibition, my reading
list, my campus portal?
– … ingest a content package into an archive?
– … take a content package out of an archive in 10 years time?
– … navigate several databases by subject, by name, by place,
by resource type, by educational level?
– … cite a document in a repository?
– … bring resources into my own workspace?
With …
– … as little custom work as possible
– … as little precoordinated agreement as possible
lab books
PDAs
campus portal
learning management systems
exhibitions
course material
text book
new scholarly resources
reading
lists
Library service
environment
user environments
resource environment
Institutional repository
Virtual
reference
Digital collections
E-reserve
Catalog
Aggregations
Licensed
collections
Different perspectives
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Disaggregating scholarly
publishing
– Linking, Identifiers
Libraries, archives and
museums digitizing unique
collections
– Content and metadata
models
Research and learning
materials
– Eprints
– Research data
– Learning materials
– E-portfolios
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Service model: multiple
environments of use
– Exhibition, workbench/lab book,
learning management system,
portal, interpretive essay, …
Metadata models
– Syntax
– Semantics
– Values
Content packaging models
– METS, SCORM
Collection model
– Heirarchical, multiple items
– Provenance, context
– Interpretive, organized
knowledge, evidential
Use model
– Tools required, …
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Resources (Objects and
collections)
– “content”
– “metadata”
– Rights
– People
– Institutions
– Concepts
– Places
– Resource levels
– Educational standards
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Services
– Query
– Disclose
– Get/put
– Validate
– Ingest
– Annotate
– Request
– Register
– Migrate
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Interoperability Infrastructure
– Registry
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Publish structures/schema
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Services, collections
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Relate other resources
– Directory
– Resolution
A changed world
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A pervasive network environment requires a more lightweight, fine-grained approach to combining and recombining
resources and services.
“Web services”
See pre-workshop comments.
We have done most work at metadata level (and access to
metadata), but even there …
Some metadata examples
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Equivalence?
– Network digital library of
theses and dissertations
Management of identity and
difference
– E-prints UK
Consistency
– Schema transformation
– Harvesting LOM
Knowledge organization
– Articulate resources and
users by subject, place,
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Major issues
– Different communities of
practice (case law)
– Leverage accumulated
investment in knowledge
organization technologies or
see them wither
– Harvesting nascent – need
agreements
– What can be automated
– Precoordinated vs dynamic
recombination
An institutional perspective
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High acronymic density a source of bewilderment
Makers and takers
State of the art keeps receding over the horizon
Balkanization leads to sub-optimal approaches
Item
Dublin
Core
OAI
set record
MARC 8
VRA Core
TEI
CSDGM
Rich Description
ONIX
RSLP
Simple Description
Collections
Institutional issues
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Organizational domains
– Library
– Archive
– Press
– Learning management
– Departments
– Computing
Interest domains
– Grid/Internet2
– Digital library
– Learning management
– Disciplinary focuses
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Shared services
– A variety of repositories
– Identity management
Institutional investment
– What confidence?
– Vertical silo within institution
-- wheels within wheels
– How do you manage
investment across silos
– Current metadata creation
and content management
practices unsustainable.
Interoperability frameworks
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Reference model
Functional architecture
CONTROL ACCESS MANAGE RIGHTS
OBLIGATIONS
Resource Utilizers
DISCOVER
ACCESS
(Query, Browse, Follow Path)
SEARCH
PUBLISH
STORE
AUTHORIS
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RESOLVE
Agent
MANAGE
REQUEST
ALERT
EXPOS
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DELIVE
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Presentation
Mediation
Provision
Assets
Metadata
Repositories
People
Directories
Organizations
STORE
GATHER
US
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Procurement
Access Management
Infoseeker
MAKE PAYMENT
AUTHENTICAT
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Creator
Learner
NEGOTIATE TRADE
AUDIT
IMS digital repository interoperability specification
MANAGE
Registries
Repositories
Traders
EXPOSE
Metadata
STORE
Competency
MANAGE
Vocabulary
EXPOSE
JISC Information Environment architecture
Interoperability frameworks – the big IF
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Positive
– Hedging our bets
– Common frame of reference
– Articulate business, technical
and service discussion
– Orient and motivate
development
– Suggest roles and
responsibilities
– Examples
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OAIS
OKI
IMS
JISC IE
Portal envy
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Questions
– At what level of granularity
– Cross-domain?
– Unhelpful circumscription?
– Stifles thought
Some concluding thoughts
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Institutions and incentives !!!!!
– Our apparatus for managing standards is dysfunctional.
– What incentives and support for creating recombinant schema, resources
(metadata and content), and services would be useful?
Interoperability plus time = preservation.
Service architecture
– We need a greater focus on exposing and combining services in user or
system environments.
– What level of explicit “interoperability framework” is useful?
– What interoperability infrastructure is useful and how is it sustained
(registry and directory)?
Make data work
– We need better approaches for managing resource identity and difference.
– Mining – needs data
– Can we make knowledge organization technologies more effective in a
network environment?
Why has digital library research had so little impact in operational
environments?
Thank you!
Lorcan Dempsey