Transcript Document

Introduction to APA style
Theresa Bell,
Writing Centre Coordinator, RRU
© Royal Roads University, 2013
Formatting
Spacing and indentation
• Double-space body text, including block quotations and
references
• Indent first line of a new paragraph by one tab space
• Indent entire block quotation (quotation of 40+ words)
by one tab space from left margin
Margins
2.5cms/1” on all sides
Page number
• Must appear in the top right corner of every page except
for the title page
•
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Inline quotations
Quotations of 39 words or fewer should
continue on the same line as the rest of the text, and
quotation marks should appear at the beginning and
end of the quoted text. The in-text citation should
appear after the closing quotation mark, but before
the period. For example, “I quoted this text” (Author,
year, p. 4).
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Block quotations
Quotations of 40+ words should be formatted
as block quotations. Begin the quotation on a
separate line, indent the entire quotation 1 tab space,
do not use quotation marks, and the in-text citation
follows after the closing punctuation. For example:
Please pretend this is a quotation of 40+ words,
and note that the first line is not indented.
(Author, year, p. 4)
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In-text citations
1. Appear in round brackets after the quoted or
paraphrased text
2. Include the author’s last name, the date of
publication/copyright, and the location
reference
For example: (Johnson, 2010, p. 4) or (Royal
Roads University, 2010, para. 5)
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In-text citations
Provide the author's name and date of publication in
the text, so only the page reference is required after
the quotation.
Example:
According to the American Psychological Association
(APA)(2010), “references in APA publications are
cited in text with an author-date citation system” (p.
174).
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In-Text
Citation
Format
In-text
citations
Make no mention of the author's name or the date of
publication in the text, so all citation information is
included in the citation.
Example:
Remember that, “references in APA publications are
cited in text with an author-date citation system and
are listed alphabetically in the text” (American
Psychological Association (APA), 2010, p. 174).
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Choosethe
theCorrect
correct citation:
Choose
Citation
A.
B.
C.
D.
(James, 2010, 4)
(Royal Roads University, 2010, p. 4)
(James, 2010, page 4)
(RRU, p. 4)
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Personal Communication
communication
Personal communications may be private letters,
memo, some electronic communications (e.g., email or message from nonarchived discussion
groups or electronic bulletin boards), personal
interviews, telephone conversations…. Because
they do not provide recoverable data…cite
personal communications in text only. (APA, 2010,
p. 179)
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Personal Communication
communication
To cite the resource, "give the initials as well as the
surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a
date as possible" (p. 179).
• C. Hare (personal communication, March 31, 2010)
stated that, “learning APA style doesn’t have to be
painful.”
• In conclusion, “learning APA style doesn’t have to
be painful”(C. Hare, personal communication,
March 31, 2010).
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Quiz:
communication’
Quiz:Using
Using‘personal
personal communication
Use the format for ‘personal communication to cite:
A. Materials posted on a password-protected course
website
B. Internal corporate documents that will not be
released to the public
C. Interviews that don’t have published transcripts
D. All of the above
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Secondary source citations
• “Use secondary sources sparingly, for instance,
when the original work is out of print, unavailable
through usual sources, or not available in English”
(p. 178).
• Cite the text where you found the information:
“Souper (as cited in Green, 1999) noted that…”.
• In the reference list, list the author of the
secondary text that you read. Using the example
above, Green’s text would appear in the references.
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TheReferences
Reference List
“References cited in text must appear in the
reference list, and each entry in the reference list
must be cited in text” (p. 174).
• List references alphabetically by the first author’s
last name
• References should have a 1.27 cm/0.5 inch
hanging indent on the second and subsequent
lines
• Double-space the references
•
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Basic
Basic Forms
forms
1. Periodical
“Items published on a regular basis such as
journals, magazines, newspapers, and
newsletters”(p. 198).
2. Nonperiodical
Items published separately: books, reports,
brochures, manuals, and AV media.
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Electronic periodical article
Initials only
for authors’
first names
Use
ampersand,
not “and”
Date format:
Year, Month
day
Use sentence case for
article title
Author, A., & Author, B. (Date). Title of article. Title of
Periodical, xx(x), xxx-xxx. doi: xxxxxxxxxx
Hanging
indent 0.5”
Italicize the title of the
periodical and use title
case
Italicize volume number (not
issue number, nor the brackets
around it).
Provide page range
without “p.”.
Use the DOI as
locator
information.
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Electronic
journal
article
Electronic
Article
Withwith
DOIDOI
Godfrey, D. (2005). Adapting historical citations to
APA style. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic
Media, 49(4), 544-547. doi:
10.1207/s15506878jobem4904_15
In-text citation: (Godfrey, 2005, p. 546)
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Electronic
journal
article without
DOI
Article From
Electronic
Database
Gemmell, R. (2008). Encouraging student voice in
academic writing. English Journal, 98(2), 64-68.
Retrieved from the Academic Search Premier
database.
Name specific database where
resource was retrieved (e. g., not
EBSCOhost, ProQuest)
In-text citation: (Gemmell, 2008, p. 65)
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Non-periodical:
bookBook
vs. e-book
Nonperiodical:
Italicize title of book and use sentence case.
Author, A. C. (Date). Title of work. Location: Publisher Name.
Note city and state abbreviation unless city is outside US. Use city and
country for non-American cities.
Author, A. (Date). Title of work. doi: xxxxxxxxxxx
Author, A. (Date). Title of work. Retrieved from Ebrary ebooks database.
In-text citation: (Lastname, year, p. 4) or (Lastname, year, para. 4).
• See http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/06/how-do-you-cite-an-e-book.html for more
information on citing ebooks.
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Website contentWebsite
with no publication date
American Psychological Association. (n.d.). APA
style®. Retrieved from http://apastyle.org/
Retrieval date unnecessary if working with the
final version of resource.
No closing punctuation after URL and
no hyperlink
First in-text citation: (American Psychological Association
(APA), n.d., Learning APA section, para. 2)
Subsequent in-text citation: (APA, n.d., Learning APA section,
para. 4)
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What’s wrong with this reference?
Madigan, R, Linton, P. & Johnson, S.(June,
1996). APA Style: Quo Vadis?. American
Psychologist, 51 (2), pp. 64-68. Retrieved
October 2, 2012, from EBSCOhost.
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What’s wrong with this reference
Madigan, R, Linton, P. & Johnson, S.(June, 1996). APA
Style: Quo Vadis?. American psychologist, 51 (2), pp.
64-68. Retrieved October 2, 2012, from EBSCOhost.
Single-spaced; no hanging indent
Journal title is in sentence case and
isn’t italicized
Missing period after “R”
Unnecessary space between journal
and issue numbers
Missing comma after “P.”
Issue number isn’t italicized
Missing space after “S.”
“pp.” isn’t necessary
Date is backwards; month isn’t
necessary
Retrieval date not required for
materials in their final form
Article title is in title case and italicized “EBSCOhost”: Missing name of the
specific database where the resource
was retrieved
Corrected reference
Madigan, R., Linton, P., & Johnson, S. (1996). APA
style: Quo vadis?. American Psychologist, 51(2),
64-68. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES.
APA Resources
Citation
resources


APA6 section of Writing Centre website
•
APA (6th edition)help guide
•
Formatting overview
•
“APA Exposed” tutorial
Citing Canadian statutes, cases, and legislation
•
Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation, 7th ed. (print copy
on reserve in Library)

Citing Statistics Canada materials
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Contact the Writing Centre
•
http://library.royalroads.ca/writing-centre
•
Ask a question:
http://writeanswers.royalroads.ca
•
(250) 391-2600, ext. 4353/1-800-788-8028
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