Transcript Today’s goals

TODAY’S GOALS
• Learn the basics of APA formatting
• Understand the requirements and goals of a literature review
• Combine all RP knowledge thus far and use it in a close reading
APA INTRODUCTION
• What does APA stand for?
• What are APA style research papers used for?
• How might these differences (from MLA) affect the type of information
included in APA citations?
APA OVERVIEW
• Cover page
• Running Header of shortened research title (this will be different on the first page)
• Abstract on separate page from everything else
• All subsequent sections put together
• Section titles bolded and centered
• First paragraph of each section not indented (but subsequent paragraphs indented normally)
• References page with all secondary sources used
• Appendix detailing your research method (questions for interviews or surveys. Nothing needed for observations)
• Check Purdue OWL’s APA style guide for specific formatting:
Purdue OWL APA Style Guide
APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
• Basic format:
• (Author’s last name, year of publication, p. page number)
• Ex: (Anderson, 2013, p. 258)
• Page number can be omitted for online sources and for summaries or
paraphrase (you are still encouraged to put the page number whenever
possible)
• As with MLA, if the author is unavailable, you may use the first word or two of
the title instead
• Unlike the title of your own essay, every word that is more than four letters
long should be capitalized
APA REFERENCE PAGE
• Begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page
"References" centered at the top of the page (do NOT bold, underline, or use
quotation marks for the title).
• Use a hanging indent like MLA format
• Example academic article:
•
Hyun Lim, J., Christianson, K. (2013). Second language sentence processing in
reading for comprehension and translation. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition,
16.(3), 518-537. Retrieved from doi: 10.1017/S1366728912000351.
• Example book:
• Delfitto, D. (2005). Adverb classes and adverb placement. In Blackwell Companion
to Syntax (83-120). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
• Example website:
• Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People Who
Make Websites, 149. Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving
RESEARCH PROPOSAL OVERVIEW
•
Title page
•
Abstract (100 words or less)
•
•
Statement of Purpose (usually 100+ words. Often the second longest section of the essay)
•
•
•
Name your primary research method and explain your general strategy for it (i.e. what do you hope to find)
References
•
•
Briefly sum up the secondary sources you are using and how they are relevant to your research
Methods (approximately 100 words)
•
•
Explain why you are qualified to conduct this research
Mention qualifications as well related personal experiences
Literature Review (200+ words. Often the longest section of the essay)
•
•
State research question and hypothesis
Convince readers why the research is necessary
Statement of Qualification (approximately 100 words but may be longer)
•
•
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Identify research question, research methods, & most important points of research
The APA version of a Works Cited page
Appendix
•
•
Usually includes supplementary information
The appendix for our research proposals will include detailed information about your primary research (such as interview, questions surveys, or
observation goals)
UNDERSTANDING LITERATURE
REVIEWS
• What is the purpose of a literature review?
• How is the literature review different in its use of sources than the exploratory
narrative?
• What sort of content from each source should be included in the literature review?
• How long should the research review be in relationship to the other sections of the
paper?
• What sort of voice or style should be used in the literature review?
LITERATURE REVIEW GOALS
• Identify how much, if any, research has been done on your selected topic
• This can also help prove why additional research on the topic is necessary
• For each sources, you should identify:
• The main idea (thesis) or issue be investigated
• The main research method used (for primary research) and results of the research
• The main supporting points or pieces of data that you found influential and relevant to your
own research
• Do not include your own opinion or reflection on your sources in this section. Keep it
entirely focused on the articles you analyze
• This should be the longest section of your research proposal (more than 200 words)
• Use an objective voice (3rd person) throughout
• Let your own research questions and hypothesis form an academic conversation with
the research already conducted on the topic
• Your own questions should be slightly different than what is identified in the sources but related
enough that you can draw connections
EXAMPLE LITERATURE REVIEW
EXCERPT
Since video games are in the lives of a majority of minors today, more research is
being done now that in past years to explore the effects it has on these children and
adolescents. Most research focuses on the negative effect of video game violence on
the behavior of these users. According to Rathee, Rathee, and Bhardwaj (2014),
“playing video games may increase aggressive behavior because violent acts are
continually repeated throughout the video game” (p.34). By constantly being exposed
to this violence, the young players are desensitized making them less emotional, which in
turn makes them see violence as a normal occurrence. Rathee, Rathee, and Bhardwaj
(2014) outline that “players benefit from engaging in acts of violence” (p. 34) in the
violent games they play because they are rewarded for it (i.e. leveling up); by not
having any repercussions in these games makes the players think it is acceptable to use
violence.
In the experiment conducted in this article, 43 adolescents were split into three
groups depending on how much time they spent playing violent video games per week.
The final results indicated that “Group A has been found to exhibit significantly higher
levels of non-verbal aggression as compared to the other two groups” (Rathee, Rathee,
and Bhardwaj, 2014, p. 38) meaning that these teens who were playing for long period
of time, ended up being the most aggressive between the groups.
GROUP ACTIVITY: RP CLOSE
READING
• In your unit 2 groups
• Now that we have taken a closer look at research proposals as a genre, analyzed the requirements and
expectations of each individual subsection (with the exception of the abstract), and reviewed the basics of APA
formatting, you should have a much better understanding of the requirements of the unit 2 essay.
• Using that knowledge, select a sample research proposal from the class website (different from the first sample
you read), analyze the essay in depth, and answer the following questions:
1.
How does the essay meet or fail the expectations of APA formatting? Be sure to check the cover page,
general structure, headings and subheadings, references page, and at least a few of the in-text citations.
Then give the APA mechanics a letter grade reflective of this analysis.
2.
Go through each section of the essay, analyze it according to the requirements we have discussed, explain
how it meets or fails those expectations, and assign it a letter grade:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Statement of purpose
•
Explains research question, grabs reader attention/explains importance of research, states hypothesis
•
Explains how individual student is qualified to conduct research. Give at least 3 reasons
•
Gives overview of research methods, including goals, subjects, questions, and correlations
•
Explains the current state of research on the topic. Provides analysis of at least four related sources and their methods
Statement of qualification
Methods/appendix
Literature review
HOMEWORK
• Journal Entry 21
• Focus: RP Source Evaluation 3
• Find the third source you will be using for your research proposal (a peer reviewed
article)
• Read and analyze the third source you will be using for your Research Proposal. Sum
up the argument it makes in the journal entry as well as the most important or
convincing facts in the article. Then reflect on how that article has changed your
perspective.
• General suggestion: focus on logos for all RP source evaluations
• Research Proposal First Draft
• Due Friday 6/19
• In a typed, double spaced, APA essay
• Should include your cover page, statement of purpose, statement of qualification,
methods, references, and appendix
• Submit a copy to Turnitin.com as well as bring a printed copy to class for peer review