How to create a Bibliography:

using the APA Referencing Style

A Bibliography is a list of all material used in the preparation of your assignment. It is usually in alphabetical order of author's surname. If a resource has no author, list it in alphabetical order by the first 3 letters of the title, ignoring the words A, and The at the beginning of a title.

Hints

: Remember to write down the bibliographic details of a resource as you use it. Don't wait until the end of the assignment, when you have returned some of the resources, and think 'which book did I use? Where is it?'

What bibliographic details do I need to reference different types of resources?

Book

• • Author's surname, author's initial.

Publication date (in brackets).

Title – italics.

Place of publication: Publisher.

Kourik, R. (2010). Books The lavender garden . San Francisco: Chronicle

• •

Book chapter

Author's surname, author's initial – of chapter Publication date (in brackets).

Title of chapter Author's surname, author's initial – of book Title of book – italics.

Pages of chapter Place of publication: Publisher.

Prinze, T.P. (2001). Colours of the rainbow. In F.M. Hood & T.S. Center (Eds.). Press.

Colour spectrums.

(pp. 74-85). New York, NY: Scott

Journal article

• • • • • • • Author surname, Initial Publication date - in brackets Title of article', Title of periodical - italics, Volume, Number in brackets Page number • Smith, M., & Brown, L. (2010). A look at gaming in education.

Schools and Education, 12 (6), 123-134.

• • • • • • • •

Electronic journal article from online database

Author surname, Initial Publication date - in brackets Title of article', Title of periodical - italics, Volume, Number in brackets Page number .

Retrieved from – URL of online database • Australian Journal of Careers, 23 (4), 19–25. Retrieved from

Newspaper article

Author surname, Initial.

Publication date - in brackets Title of article', Title of newspaper - italics, Page number. Shaw, P. (2011, May 12). Mining shares drop, The Australian , p.12.

Encyclopedia article

Author's surname, author's initial – of article Publication date (in brackets).

Title of article.

Volume number and pages of encyclopedia Place of publication: Publisher • Barker, D. (2007). Tiger cubs. In International encyclopedia of animals.

(Vol. 3, pp. 22-27). New York: N.Y.: Notable Press.

• • • .

•

Audio Visual Material

Surname and initials of producer Surname and initials of writer/director Production date (in brackets) Title in italics Media type in square brackets • • Place of production Studio name Movie: Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). Pictures.

You can count on me [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount DVD: same as above but [DVD] in square brackets TV program: Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour [Television broadcast]. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service.

• •

Webpage with an author

• • • • . Author surname and initials Date webpage created – in brackets .

bottom of the page Title of web page in italics Hint: you will find this at the Retrieved and date retrieved from full URL • Luikkonen ,P. (2008). 2011, from Roald Dahl (1916-1990).

http://kirjasto.sci.fi/rdahl.htm

Retrieved October 2,

Webpage with no author

• • • . Title of webpage in italics Date webpage created (in brackets bottom of the page ) Hint: you will find this at the Retrieved and date retrieved from full URL • • • Roald Dahl. (2011) Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://www.roalddahl.com/.

Personal communication

Forms of personal communication include letters, telephone conversations, personal interviews and e-mail messages. These are not included in your bibliography as they cannot be traced by the reader.

You should refer to your source in the text of your assignment (in-text referencing ).

• • Examples: D. Scott reported that 111 mm of rain fell in Turramurra yesterday.(personal communication, October 10, 2010) . …races. (S.Smith, personal communication, May 24, 2011).

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