Basic Concepts for APA Style: How to Implement it Efficiently

Deanna Hanson-Abromeit Conservatory of Music and Dance Bob Schubert Faculty Center for Excellence in Teaching

Objectives

 Word Based Tools  Paper Format  Paper Sections  Resources  Questions

Using Word and APA

 Word 2007  Formats reference list and insertion of citations citation  Endnote   Bibliographic software Users can search, retrieve, and store citations directly from database

Paper Format

 8 ½ X 11 paper, one sided  12 pt Times Roman or Courier  Double spaced  At least 1 inch margins – top, bottom, left, right  Paragraphs indentation of ½ inch tab or 5-7 spaces  Exceptions: abstract & block quotations

Paper Format

 Page Numbers   Number consecutively Begin with title page   Upper right hand edge At least 1 inch from edge  Manuscript page headers   Identifier of manuscript pages First 2 or 3 words of title  Right hand corner above or 5 spaces before page number  Punctuation   One space - periods and minus signs No space – internal periods (e.g., U.S., p.m.), hyphens, colons in ratios

Paper Sections

 Sections  Title Page  Abstract  Text  References  Appendices  Footnotes & Notes  Tables  Figures

Title Page

 Running Head for Publication  Abbreviated title used for publication    50 characters max Flush left at the top of title page (below manuscript page header) ALL CAPS  Title  Centered; upper half of the page  If more than one line, double space  Byline and Affiliation  In order of contribution   Centered One double-space below title

Abstract

 Begin on a new page  Manuscript Header and Page 2 in upper right hand corner of page  Label page Abstract, centered at top of page  Block paragraph form  Not to exceed 120 words  Type all numbers as Arabic numerals

Text

 Start on a new page; page number 3  Title of paper centered at the top of the page  Double-space  Begin text  No page breaks between sections  All pages have the manuscript page header and the page number

Headers – One to Five Levels

Centered Uppercase and Lowercase Heading Method

Flush left, italicized, upper & lower case side heading Participants Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period Description of groups.



In-text Citations

Single Reference Citation  Author last name and year of publication; separated by a comma e.g. (Hanson-Abromeit, 2009)  Multiple Reference Citation  Semi-colon (;) to separate multiple references for a single citation  Alphabetical order e.g. (Hanson-Abromeit, 2009; Schubert, 2009)   3-5 authors, list all last names first time; subsequent citations are listed under first author followed by et al. and publication year 6 or more authors  Last name first author et al., publication year e.g. (Hanson-Abromeit et al., 2009

)

In-text Citations

 Book chapter  Chapter author, comma (,) year of publication  Web site and electronic references    Author name (if available) and year Unknown author use page title or first couple of words of paragraph Unknown year use n.d.

 Refer to APA Style Guide to Electronic Resources  Subsequent citation in same paragraph  Author(s) name only; no date  Author and date included in subsequent

paragraphs

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References

Start on a new page; page number in upper right corner  Title page, centered at top of page  Double space  Hanging indent format References  Components of a reference: Philbin, M. K., & Evans, J. B. (2006). Standards for the acoustic environment of the newborn ICU.

Journal of Perinatology, 26,

S27–S30

.



Appendixes

Each Appendix started on a separate page  Label each page, centered, at top Appendix  Use letters to identify the Appendix if more than one Appendix A Appendix B  Label appendix tables to correspond with the appendix Table B1

Footnotes & Notes

 Author Note  For blind review the author note should be place on the title page   Separate page, center label Author Note Double spaced  Content & Copyright Permission Footnotes  Superscript Arabic numerals in text   New page, label Footnotes , center Type all content of footnotes (do not use the automatic function as it may not translate accurately)



Tables

Numbered consecutively as they appear in text  Identified by the word Table and an arabic numeral, flush left; table title below label Table 1 Participant Comments  Double space  Begin each table on a separate page  Center column heads over column; if a multiple pages are necessary repeat column heads



Figures and Figure Captions

Numbered consecutively as they appear in text  Identified by the word Figure and an arabic numeral,

outside of the figure image or on the back

 Be sure to include the manuscript page header outside

of the figure image or on the back

 Indicate the word TOP if orientation is not obvious  Each figure must have a caption; captions are listed on a separate page, placed prior to the figures

Figure 1

. Discography of recorded music

Resources

Publication Manual of the American Psychological

Association. (5 th ed.) (2001). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/664/01/ http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.aspx

?doc_id=796 http://library.osu.edu/sites/guides/apagd.php

APA Style Guide to Electronic Resources available from http://books.apa.org/books.cfm?id=4210509

Questions?