Transcript CALORIES BURN ‘EM UP! - Northeast Metro 916 Intermediate

Calories: Burn ‘em
Up!!
Understanding BMR
Basil Metabolic Rate

On a daily basis, we need food
for energy. Food is fuel. Just
like an engine needs gasoline to
run, we need food in order to
function.

Every individual needs a
different amount of food to
function based on their size and
how efficiently they use the
food. It’s very similar to every
car engine getting different
miles per gallon.

In people this measure is called
basal metabolic rate - BMR
BMR

BMR is the rate in which food
is broken down or
catabolized. This measure is
taken when the individual is
awake and at rest or when
the body is under basal
conditions. That is, the body
is not digesting food or
adjusting to a cold
environment (not working).

Another way to look at BMR
is the number of calories of
heat that must be produced
per hour by catabolism in
order to keep the body alive,
awake, and comfortably
warm (to keep the engine
running).

This is an important factor in
homeostasis – or keeping the
body working properly.
Why do we care?

BMR is one of the key factors
that we use in weight
management programs.

So, today we will be using
estimation skills (educated
guesses) to interpolate (to
estimate values from a
graph, table or chart) the
BMR of normal men and
women.
Estimation

Give me an example of how you
use estimation every day.

When you are about to run out of
gas – how far can you go after the
gauge is on “E”?

When you are in the lunch line and
you want pizza, breadsticks and a
small salad, how do you know if
you have enough money to cover
all these items?

How did you solve these
problems?

Did you have to round numbers?
Rounding numbers
This is something that we
traditionally do in the US.
We tip people that wait on
us, so let’s pretend you are
the waiter.
 The bill was $24.43. You’re
hoping for a 10% tip. If they
figure it right, your tip is…
$2.44 and if they round it to
the whole dollar the rule
makes it
$2.00 – so sorry…

Rounding Rules
•Find the place value to which
you are rounding
$2.43
•Look at the digit one place to the
right
$2.43
•If it is equal to or greater than 5,
round up.
If it’s less than 5, round down.
$2.00 is correct
Interpolation
Interpolation is simply the process
of taking estimation another step
further.
We look at a graph or table and
there are values indicated by the
lines. But some values fall
between the lines and so we have
to estimate that value.
Let’s try some examples…
Interpolation
Number of
employees
Health Care Employment
100
80
Physicians
60
40
20
0
Nurses
Aids
1980 1990 2000
Estimate how many physicians were
employed in 1995
Why might this be difficult?
Number of Physicians
Line of Best-Fit
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1980
1990
2000
Year
This line (called a trend line), visually
fits best to make our estimation of 65,
but may not be a true representation
of the trend in physician growth. A
better estimation might be obtained by
drawing a free hand curved line.
Number of Physicians
Curve-Fitted Data
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1980
1990
2000
Year
Using a free hand curved line gives a better estimation of the
true
trend in physician employment. This graph now shows our
estimate to be somewhere around 53. The estimates may or
may not be close depending on how accurately you have
drawn your line. You can see that a line graph would better
allow us to interpolate data.
Why is this data useful? Staffing?
If this chart shows activity level throughout
an average day,
how much energy did teens expend at 1
pm?
Activity Levels
100
Percent
80
Infants
60
Teens
40
Elderly
20
0
9am 12N 3pm 9pm
Teens at 1pm = ~ 35%
Extrapolation
Taking the whole process to the
next level is called extrapolation.
We can look at data on a graph and
see the tendency of the graph in
order to make predictions.
Extrapolation is the ability to predict
values beyond those given on a
chart or graph.
Extrapolation predicts the future. How long do
you think
it will take Sue to walk a mile by the end of
October?
Exercise-One Mile Walk
Time in minutes
80
60
Jane
40
Sue
20
0
June July Aug. Sept.
Sue = ~ 15 min.
Aging

As men, women, dogs, cats,
birds, and probably most any
other living thing you can imagine
grow older, the amount of energy
used by the body at rest (BMR)
decreases.

You may have heard it another
way – their metabolism
decreases. Basically, they need
less fuel to keep them going.
This graph shows normal basal
metabolic rates.
Normal Basal Metabolism for Men and Women
60
55
Basal Metabolism (calories/m2/hr)
50
Males
45
Female
40
35
30
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Age (in years)
Let’s Look at the
Graph

What is the unit of measurement
for the BMR shown in the graph?
Basal metabolism = calories/square
meter/hour = calories/m2/hr
•
How are the values for men and
women distinguished in the
graph?
Two separate lines
Calculating BMR

What would be the normal
basal metabolic rate for a 47
year-old female patient?
Here’s where “interpolation”
comes in…We need to
“estimate” where the two
lines will cross. What is the
approximate value for a
female, 47 years?
35 calories/m2/hr

A lab result indicated that a
12 year-old male patient has
a rate of 70 calories/m2/hr.

A rate of twice normal is
considered hyperactivity.
Would this patient be
considered hyperactive?
Find the approximate point
for 12 years of age, follow it
to the male line and then
follow it to the left…43
calories/m2/hr.
43 x 2 = 86.
Our patient would not be
considered hyperactive.
Suggested Calorie
Intake

Look at the Daily Calorie
Allowance Graph
 If George I. Buprofen weighs
147 pounds and is 45 years
old. What calorie allowance
would you suggest he use?

The closest ideal weight is 145,
following
horizontally across to the 45
year-old column shows 2365.
 Now, because our numbers
aren’t right on, we’ll
estimate the best caloric intake
for George…..
The value below it would represent a 156
pound, 45 year old male
(2465)
Estimate the difference of the two caloric
values, 2525 and 2375.
(approx. 100 calories)
Estimate the difference of the two weights,
145 and 156.
(10 lbs.)
Divide the calories by the pounds.
(100/10=10) This represents the number of
additional calories needed per gain of one
pound of body weight.
Since George is two pounds
over the listed 145 pounds, we
would need to add 20 calories
to the caloric value of 2365.
We should suggest George
takes in 2365 calories per day
to maintain his body weight.
These steps have allowed us
to interpolate
data from a chart versus the
graph we used in the last
problem.
The Cedar Point
Guesstimator

Now we’re on our way to
Cedar Point and everyone
wants to ride the BLASTER
at the same time! BUT, the
weight capacity of the
BLASTER is only 500 lb.
Guesstimate a safe load by
estimating average weights
for each age group.
The Riders/Average
Wt.

4 young
children
 4 adults
 12 college
students
 9 high school
students

50 lbs. Ea.
 W-150 lbs. M200 lbs.
 150 lbs. Ea.
 150 lbs. Ea.
Who can safely ride together?
There may be more than one
correct answer.
Let’s
move
on
to
the
worksheet!