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The Cognitive Influence on Interactive Multimedia Design: Towards the Development of a Computer-Based Instruction in Removable Partial Denture Ranier M. Adarve, DMD,MHPEd Graduate Prosthodontics University of Minnesota The Cognitive Influence on Interactive Multimedia Design: Towards the Development of a Computer-Based Instruction in Removable Partial Denture OVERVIEW •Computer-Based Instruction •Cognitive Psychology of Learning •Design Guidelines Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) CBI •An accessible, interactive and flexible way of giving multimedia presentations that utilize textual materials, visuals, sounds and motions. Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) CBI •Development of PC’s in 1981 •Extensively used in Education •Computer-Aided Learning (CAL) •Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) CBI •How effective is CBI in achieving educational outcomes? ? •Does CBI/Multimedia influence Learning? •Is CBI just a form of delivery of Instruction? Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) CBI TRUCK Delivery of Instruction Does it influence Learning? Delivery of Groceries Does it affect nutrition? Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) Effective Computer-Based Instruction is based on Principles of Learning Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) Principles of Learning CONSTRUCTIVISM BEHAVIORISM •1910-1960 •Behavioral objectives •Observable constructs •Mastery learning •Drills and Tutorials COGNITIVISM •1970-1990 •Internal Processes •Unobservable constructs •Information-processing •Tutorials and Tests •1990-Present •Constructed Knowledge •Interpretation of reality •Collaborative learning •Simulations and Hypermedia Cognitive Psychology of Learning Cognitivism •Process of Knowing •Active engagement •Unobservable Constructs CBI MULTIMEDIA DESIGN •Perception and Attention •Encoding of Information •Memory •Comprehension •Active Learning •Motivation •Transfer of Learning •Metacognition Needs Analysis Fourth Year Clinical School of Dentistry Clinical Prosthodontics Patient-Based Learning Third Year Clinical INTEGRATION PROBLEM DENTAL CURRICULUM Second Year Pre-Clinical Vertical Integration Horizontal Integration X Pre-Clinical Prosthodontics Classroom-Based Learning SCOPE CURRENT METHODOLOGY First Year Pre-Clinical CBI Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) in Removable Partial Denture •Supplement RPD Course •4 Modules •WebCT •CD-ROM and Website •Macromedia Flash Design Guidelines 1MULTIMEDIA PRINCIPLE •Use both Graphics and Text •Graphics should be relevant rather than decorative •Mentally making connections between pictorial and verbal representations Design Guidelines 2CONTIGUITY PRINCIPLE •Graphics and Text should be placed in close proximity •Avoid scrolling screens •Avoid directions and feedbacks accessed from links •Integrating text and graphics results from a reduced need for search Design Guidelines 3MODALITY PRINCIPLE MULTIMEDIA PRINTED WORDS PICTURES SENSORY MEMORY narration WORKING MEMORY •Present Words as Audio Narration EARS EYES •Overloading of Visual Channel PHONETIC PROCESSING VISUAL PROCESSING Design Guidelines MULTIMEDIA NARRATION 4REDUNDANCY PRINCIPLE SENSORY MEMORY WORKING MEMORY •Don’t Present Words and Audio Narration at the same PHONETIC EARS time PROCESSING PRINTED WORDS EYES PICTURES •Overloading of Visual Channel VISUAL PROCESSING Design Guidelines 5COHERENCE PRINCIPLE •Avoid extraneous elements: Entertaining stories Background music and sound Detailed textual descriptions •Causes distraction, disruption, seduction, thus harming learning process Design Guidelines 6PERSONALIZATION PRINCIPLE •Use conversational style rather than formal style •Language :”you”, “I”, “we” •Learner works harder to understand the material when they feel they are in conversation with a partner Design Guidelines 7DESIGN OF PRACTICE OPPORTUNITIES •Apply Media Principles: •Multimedia •Contiguity •Coherence •Engage learners to selecting, integrating and retrieving processes Design Guidelines 8USE OF PEDAGOGICAL AGENT •On Screen Coach •On Screen Character •Talking-head video •Virtual person •Encourage learners to do reflective learning and development of metacognitive skills RECAPITULATION PRINICIPLES COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY •Multimedia •Contiguity •Modality •Redundancy •Coherence •Personalization •Practice opportunities •Pedagogical Agent EFFECTIVE CBI THANK YOU