Transcript 嘉兴英语教学网

Unit 4 Astronomy: the
science of the stars
Language points
会昌中学 文瑛
Revision
1．________(n.)系统；体系；制度
2．________(n.)学说；理论
3．________(n.)球体，地球仪；地
4．____________(n.)大气层；气氛
5．____________(adj.)基本的；基础的
6．________(n.)链子；连锁；锁链
7．________(v.)繁殖；增加；乘
8．________(adv.)因此；于是
9．________(n.)宗教，宗教信仰→________(adj.)宗
教上的
10．________(adj.)猛烈的，激烈的→________(n.)暴
力→________(adv.)猛烈地；激烈地
11．________(prep.)不同；不像
→________(prep.)像
12．________(adj.)有害的→________(n.)
伤害；损害
13．________(vi.)存在；生存
→________(n.)存在
14．________(vi.)使迷惑；难题；谜
→________(adj.)迷惑的
→________(adj.)令人迷惑的
1．in time
________________
2．lay eggs ________________
3．give birth to ________________
4．in one's turn ________________
5．阻止；制止 ________________
6．对…是基本的/必须的
____________
1. No one knows exactly how the earth
began, as it happened so long ago.
仿写：没人明白他在说什么，因为那
太难理解了。
No one understands what he’s saying,
as it is too hard.
2. However, according to a widely accepted
theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”
that threw matter in all directions.
begin with=start with：“以……开始”.
to begin with=to start with 以…为起点; 开始(做)
这两个词组都可以单独使用,表示“首先; 第一;
起
初; 最初”。 在句中作时间状语。
To begin/start with, I don’t like swimming at all.
widely or wide?
 某些形容词有两种副词形式，一种和形容
词同型，另一种以-ly结尾。它们含义不同。
 和形容词同型的副词：表示具体意义
 以-ly结尾的副词：表示抽象意义。
 Computers are widely used in the
world.
 Open your mouth wide.
late
1.You came too _________.
(晚的)
2. What have you been doing
_______?(最近)
lately
3. We had to digdeep
________to find water.(深深
地) deeply
4. I was ________ moved
high by the film.（深深
地）
highly
5. An eagle is circling_______ in the sky.(髙
髙地)
close
6. Training alone in a gym can
be______
closely
dangerous.
free
7. The children sat ______ together.（近地）
freely
8. Please watch the experiment_______.(仔
3. (1) What it was to become was uncertain
until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago
when the dust settled into a solid globe.
(2) What is even more important is that
as the earth cooled down, water began to
appear on its surface.
[考点] what引导的主语从句，第一句what
在从句中作become的宾语，第二句what在
从句中作主语。
surprised everybody
1.What
______________________（使大家吃惊的是）
is that he didn’t come to the meeting.
What he did
2. ___________（他所做的）added
to our
difficulty.
4. The earth became so violent that it
was not clear whether the shape would
last or not.
1) violent 猛烈的，激烈的
2) whether可以引导主语从句、表语从
句、宾语从句和同位语从句;而if只
能引导宾语从句。
5. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide,
nitrogen, water vapour and other gases,
which were to make the earth's atmosphere.
(1)in time: sooner or later; eventually;
I’ll see him in time.
in time (for sth. /to do sth.): not late
She will be back in time to prepare dinner.
与time相关的短语









for the first time首次
ahead of time提前
all the time一直；始终
at the same time同时；然而
at a time依次；逐一；每次
in no time立刻；马上
from time to time偶尔；间或
at one time曾经；一度
at times有时；偶尔
(2) (sth) be to (do):
1. 不可避免要发生或必须发生。
She is to be honoured for this great work.
2. 表示按计划、安排要发生的动作
When are they to hand in their plan?
3. 表命令
Tell her she is not to be back late!
6. What is even more important is that as the
earth cooled down, water began to appear on
its surface.
1) cool down 变凉, 冷却,平息, 冷静
晒了一天的太阳之后, 他喜欢在海水中凉快一下。
After a day in the sun, he liked to __________
cool down in
the sea.
他的话平息了她的怒气。
cooled down her anger.
His words _____________
2) appear “出现, 似乎”是不及物动词,
当表示 “似乎, 好像”时是系动词,
该词无被动语态。
Our teacher appeared on TV this
morning.
7. It was not immediately obvious that water was
to be fundamental to the development of life.
水会对生命的发展起关键作用, 这一点在当时并
不太明显。
It只起到形式主语的作用, 真正的主语是that
water was to be fundamental to the
development of life。用It做形式主语是因为
that引导的从句较长, 如果按照正常语序来安
排的话就显得头重脚轻了。如:
It is no wonder that he has passed the
exam.
It is quite necessary for us to learn
English well.
8. This produced a chain reaction, which
made it possible for life to develop.
1) chain reaction 连锁反应
2) make it possible for life to develop.
使生命的发展成为可能
make it + adj./n. + for sb. /sth. to do sth.
组长让我们可以一起合作。
The group leader
makes it possible for us to work together
____________________________________.
老师让他们容易地明白那个问题。
The teacher
made
it easy for them to understand
____________________________________
the
question
____________.
9. They produced young generally by
laying eggs.
lay-laid-laid-laying 搁置, 把......放
在......; 产卵
He laid his books on the desk.
注意:
lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置;产卵
lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺;位于
lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎
The naughty boy ___ to me that the
hen that ___ there just now had ___
two eggs the day before.
A. laid; laid; laid
B. laid; lay; lain
C. lied; laid; lain
D.
D lied; lay; laid
10. These animals were different from all life
forms in the past, because they gave birth to
young baby animals and produced milk to
feed them.
1) 生（孩子）
She’s just given birth to a healthy baby girl.
2) 产生
The extraordinary experience gave birth to his
latest novel.
11. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere, which prevents heat from
escaping from the earth into space.
他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中, 这就
是使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。
[归纳] prevent ... from的意思是
____________________________。from
制止、阻止、使……不做某事
后多跟动词-ing形式；有时可省略from。
[拓展] 近义短语有: stop ... from 阻止……
干某事; keep ... from 阻止……干某事。
注意: prevent和stop后的from都可以省略,
而keep ... from 中的from则不能省略，如
果省略了, 其意义将发生改变。
12. As a result of this, many scientists
believe the earth may become too hot to
live on.
地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物
的生存。
The question is too hard to understand.
问题太难, 理解不了。
He is too proud to see his own
shortcomings.
他太骄傲了以至于看不到自己的缺点。
1) 当“only/all/not/but＋too ＋adj. ＋to
do ”时等于very (非常)。
I shall be only too pleased to hear from
you further.
我非常欢迎你再来信。
They are but too glad to do so.
他们非常喜欢这么做。
2) 在“cannot／can never...too”结构中，
应理解为“无论怎样……也不过分”。
You cannot praise him too highly.
无论怎样表扬他也不过分。
You can never be too careful of your
health. 你越注意健康越好。
你
13. …whether life will continue on the
earth for millions of years to come
will depend on whether this
problem can be solved.
在未来的千百万年中, 生命能否在
地球延续将取决于这个问题能否得
到解决。
depend vi. 相信, 信赖;依靠, 依赖
(尤指钱); 视……而定
You can depend on John — he is
always on time.
你可以相信约翰, 他总是很准时。
相关短语：
believe sb.
相信某人（所说的话）
believe in sb. 信任/信赖某人
trust (in) sb. 相信/信任/信赖某人
depend on
count on sb. 信任/相信/依赖/依靠某人
rely on
Tell him what you want to say; he’s a
man to __.
C
A. count
B. believe
C. trust
D. depend
解析:相信/信赖某人:count on
sb./believe in sb./depend on
sb./trust (in) sb.
练习坊
I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字
母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形
式。
1. This theory
_____ (理论) helps to explain how
animals communicate with each other.
2. The final cost could be as much as one
b_____ dollars.
billion
3. 31 people have been injured inviolent
_____
(暴力的) incidents throughout the day.
globe sea level varies by
4. Across the g_____,
hundreds of feet.
atom (原子) is so small that we can
5. A(n) _____
not see it.
harmful to health, but some
6. Smoking is h______
people cannot get rid of it.
carbon dioxide
7. The best way to get that _____________
(二氧化碳) into the atmosphere is to
warm the entire planet.
8. The new owners have tried to give the
restaurant a more family-friendly
__________ (气氛).
atmosphere
9. Oxygen
O_____ is a kind of gas that is
necessary for most animals and
plants to live.
10. I was surprised by the presence
_________
(出席) of so many people at the
meeting.
II. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The ship rocked _________
violently (violent)
from side to side, causing many
passengers to feel seasick.
2. There is a ___________
fundamental(fundament)
difference in attitude between these
two politicians.
3. It is generally accepted that smoking is
harmful(harm) to our health.
_______
4. Our problems have _________
multiplied
(multiply) since last year.
5. Scientists want to know whether life
exists
______ (exist) on other planets.
6. She listened with a puzzled
_______ (puzzle)
expression on her face.
III. 用适当的介词填空。
1. According ___
to our records, the books
you have borrowed should now be
returned to the library.
2. To begin _____,
with we ought to know
what we are studying for.
3. When the fire broke out in the movie
theater, people lost their heads and
ran ___
in all directions.
in time
4. The car came to a stop just ___
to prevent an accident.
5. He usually comes to school early. It’s
very ______
unlike him to be so late today.
6. A knowledge of physics is
fundamental ___
to any understanding
of this problem.
7. The smell of rain and wetness was
everywhere. It seemed to fill me
with energy.
_____
8. When you are young, you dream
of things.
about all sorts ___
9. He grows not only vegetables but
also flowers in his garden; that is, he
as well as vegetables.
grows flowers _________
into a tree, and
10. A seed can grow ____
trees make up beautiful forests.
11. Can you tell me how China is
different ______
from your country?
12. ___
In the past he had to read by
candlelight.
13. She gave birth ___
to a fine healthy
baby last week.
14. In the teacher’s class, the students
often answer his questions ___
in turn.
15. How much oil can be put _____
into this
bottle?
16. What can we do to keep the disease
______
from spreading?
17. As a result ___
of what had happened,
we decided to change the rules.
18. I’ ve been old enough to earn my
living, so I’ll no longer depend
on
/ upon my father.
_________
19. Do you know that crocodiles
by laying eggs?
reproduce ___
IV. 用括号中所给单词或短语的适当形式
翻译下列句子。
1. 沙尘暴导致了连锁反应，最后造成火
车撞毁。(lead to; chain)
The sandstorm led to a chain reaction
which ended in a serious train crash.
2. 移动电话使得我们不论在何处都能与他人
交谈。(make it possible for sb. to do sth.)
Mobile phones make it possible for us to
talk to anyone from anywhere.
3. 新鲜空气对于身体健康必不可少。
(be fundamental to ...)
Fresh air is fundamental to good
health.
4. 请你告诉我怎样防止这种事情发生
好吗？(prevent ... from ... )
Would you please tell me how to
prevent this kind of thing from
happening?
5. 他不知如何回这封信。(puzzle)
He was puzzled (about) how to
answer the letter.
6. 结果，他们拯救了这片森林里90％的
树木。(as a result)
As a result, they saved 90% of the
trees in the forest.
7. 现在轮到我们学会如何与别人相处
了。(in one’s turn)
Now in our turn we must learn
how to get along with others.
8. 移动电话使得我们有可能与任何地
方的任何人交谈。
（make it possible for sb. to do sth.）
Mobile phones make it possible for us
to talk to anyone from anywhere.