Transcript IQPC Broadband Conference Vienna , October 2006

Budapest University of
Technology and Economy
Research Seminar
October 2006
Standardisation and Interoperability of
the Technology and equipment for BPL
Systems
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
1
Key Points of Talk
• Current Developments of BPL in the World
• Technical Restrictions and Limitations
• Committee’s Responsible for Improving
BPL systems
• The way forward
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
2
Key Committee Drivers For BPL
• CISPR 22 ,I, Special committee for BPL
Measurement; Established October 2005
• Three meetings so Far
• European EMC Committee ;Code of
Practice for Measurements
• Cenelec SC205A BPL systems
• ETSI BPL
• IEEE BPL committee: EMC:Safety:
Coupling
• 6thFramework Programme “OPERA”
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
3
Backhaul
network
PLC Generic Model
High
Voltage
Xmission
Equipment
pt to multi-pt
CPE
Phone(s)
pt to pt
Fibre
Network
PC
Internet
Medium Voltage Grid
(“Last Mile”)
Low Voltage
(“Last 100m”)
In-Premise
(“Last Inch”)
* CPE - Customer Premise Equipment
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
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Overhead PLT
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
5
PLC pilot projects in Europe
LinaNET,Reykjavik/ascom
Linanet/Siemens
BKK,Bergen/Siemens
Viken,Oslo/ascom
Scottish & Southern Energy
Elforsk,Stockholm/mainnet
Nesa,Kopenhagen/ascom
Vattenfall,Gotland/mainnet
EviCom,Malmö/ascom
EviCom,Malmö/Siemens
EWEtel,Oldenburg/Siemens
RWE,Essen/ascom
EAM,Kassel/Siemens
Avacon,Magdeburg/oneline
CEGECOM,Luxembourg/ascom
GEW,Köln/Siemens
MVV,Mannheim/Mainnet
FT-Cnet,France/ascom
EnBW,Ellwangen/Siemens
EdF,Strasbourg/ascom
SSW,Salzburg/Siemens
EVN,Wien/ascom
DIAX,Fribourg/ascom
Novacom/EnBW,Budapest/Siemens
TIWAG,Fulpmes/ascom
EdF/mainnet
ESG,PPC, Linz/mainnet
Union Fenosa/mainnet
Enel,Bologna/ascom
Endesa,Barcelona/ascom
EdP,Lisbon/ascom
Enel,Florence/mainnet
Endesa,Sevilla/DS2
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
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Worldwide PLC Activities
Island:
LinaNet
Reykjavik Energy
Indianapolis, Boston
Norwegen:
Stadtwerke Bergen
Schweden:
Sydkraft, BirkaEnergi
Finnland – EVU-Verband
China
Provinz Sechuan
UK/SSE
Spanien
Endessa
Portugal
EdP
Italien
Enel
Brasilien:
Copel
Cemig
InfoPaolo
D – RWE, EnBW, MVV, oneline
A - TIWAG, EVN, Stw. Salzburg, EVO
CH - DIAX
Korea
Keyin
Kuwait
ITS
Qatar
Israel
Mainnet,
ITRAN,
Malaysia
elLine
FibreCom
Multimedia-Ministerium
Südafrika
(Siemens)
Argentinien
(ascom)
Chile
(Endesa)
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
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Frequency Spectrum
Low Frequency Power Line
Transmission
•USA: 50KHz to 450KHz(IEEE)
•Europe:3Khz to
148.5KHz(Cenelec50065)
•High Frequency Transmission
•1MHz to 30MHz underground
•USA 1MHz to 80MHz for underground
and overhead
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
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Deterministic
Communication System –ADSL;
VDSL;Cable Modems
• Unique frequency specification
• Characteristic impedance
• Minimum noise
• Constant bandwidth
• Standard architecture
• No common mode current and Potential
Radiated emission to cause interference
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
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PLT System Communication
Non-Deterministic
•
•
•
•
•
Unique frequency specification
Characteristic impedance
Minimum noise
Constant bandwidth
Standard architecture
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
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Leaky cables @1Mhz to 30Mhz
• At these frequencies not all the signal is
transmitted down the cable-it leaks power
• So some of the high frequency signal
emanates as electromagnetic radiation
• Hence power cables can be considered as
linear antennas and
• Low efficiency
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
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In-House Communications
•
•
•
•
•
Limited to inside buildings of all types;
Industrial
Commercial
Residential
Different electrical structures: single and
3 phase :Ring Main & Tree &Branch
• wide range of services
• Frequency range 1 to 30Mhz to80MHz
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
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Key Parameters for
Investigation
• Investigation of Key parameters of Broadband
Power Line Carrier communications
• Impedance of the power Line over the
frequency range 3KHz to 30MHz
• Signal Injection Power: symmetrical and
asymmetrical
• Conducted current
• Common mode current –Potential for
Radiated emission from power line
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
13
Key Parameters forInvestigation(2)
•
•
•
•
•
Longitudinal Conversion Loss (LCL)
Regression of signal
K Factor
Noise Floor measurements
Relationship between the Impedance of Line ,
LCL, with type of devices connected to the line.
• Effects of network architecture on radiated
emission
• Mechanisms for understanding emissions in
terms of these parameters
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
14
Key Parameters for
Investigations(3)
• Noise floor measurements for PLT , Cable
systems and XDSL systems
• Inter-modulation products (IMP’s)
• Ingress and egress noise
• Variation of all these parameters with
different frequency ranges
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
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Established Communication
Services in the 1MHz to 30MHz
•Broadcasting Channels
•Amateur Radio
•Mobile Communications
•Distress frequencies
•Military communications
•Radio astronomy
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
16
Sources of Interference
• Noise caused by impedance mismatch
• Impulse noise ingress from electrical
appliances
• Narrow band ingress from SW
broadcast
• Attenuation of the network
• impedance variations
• general interference
• poor power quality
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
17
Spectrum & Technologies
30 kHz
300 kHz
3 MHz
MEDIUM
FREQUENCY
LOW FREQUENCY
30 MHz
HIGH FREQUENCY
GROUND WAVE
SKY WAVE
SPACE WAVE
ADSL 25 kHz - 1.1 MHz
VDSL 1.1 - 30 MHz
DPL 1.1 - 30 MHz
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
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Scope
IONOSPHERE
SKY WAVE
3 - 30MHz
SPACE WAVE
0.1 - 30MHz
Q
GROUND WAVE
0.1 - 3MHz
LONDON
NEAR FIELD
SUBURBAN
RURAL
ROME
G
Average UK ground
0 km
5 km
200 km
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
1500 km
19
Physical structure
of LV network
Armoured Cable
• Underground & overhead distribution
• Armoured cable
• Conditioning units (CU) may be used
Conditioning Unit (CU)
MV
network
Network
LV network
CU
SUBSTATION
Data
network
Internal
mains
network
LV network
CU
Data port
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
20
Coupling via the Mains Network
LN
50Ω
50µH
Source
Victim
Attenuation, dB/30m
30
20
10
Distribution network
Mains only
Power CommunicationsSystems
0.1
1
Research GroupOpenUniversity
10
21
Frequency MHz
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
22
Radiated emission
Mains cable
Mains cable
Equip1
Conducted emission
through mains
plc1
Conductio through
earth impedance
Radiated emission cable to cable
Mains
cable
Mains cable
Radiated emission case to case
plc2
External mains interference
Electromagnetic radiated emission
and coupling Interference
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
23
90 .0
U K M P T 1 57 0 (P k )
E q u ivalen t E lectric F ield [d Bu V /m @ 3m ]
80 .0
E N 55 02 2 C las s B (Q P k )
(D e riv e d b elo w 3 0M H z, P k a bo v e 1 G H z )
70 .0
G e rm an N B 30 ( P k )
60 .0
N or w eg ia n P r op os a l ( P k )
50 .0
P LC P r op os a l ( Q P k)
(D e riv e d fro m F C C lim its us in g 33 dB /d ec )
40 .0
G u elle m a n L im it ( Q P k)
30 .0
B B C P ro po s al (P k )
20 .0
10 .0
0 .0
- 10 .0
0 .01
0.1
1
10
F re q u e n c y [M H z ]
1 00
1 00 0
1 00 00
- F o r c o m p a r is o n p u r p o s e s l im its s c a l e d to 3 m u s in g 2 0 d B /d e c e x c e p t P L C p r o p o s a l 3 3 d B /d e c
- F o r E N 5 5 0 2 2 th e m a g n e tic fie l d is c a l c u la te d fr o m th e te le c o m p o r t c o m m o n m o d e c u r re n t lim it u s in g :
H = I / 2 .p i .r
w here r = 3m
- H - fie ld l im its c o n v e r te d to E - fi e ld u s in g th e fa r fie l d c o rr e c tio n o f 5 1 .5 d B
Radiated Emission standards in the world
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
24
An Electromagnetic
Architecture
For “Manchester” City
England
What Type of Electromagnetic architecture?
• 5 Engineering universities
• International airport
• Heavy Industry with machines and electrical systems
including British Aerospace : Car Manufactures
• Many small electrical engineering companies
•All these contribute to the continous noise floor
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
25
Conclusions and Forward
• More research into the EMC components
of BPL
• More measurements throughout the World
• Investigation of cable types and age
• Greater Understanding of Power
Requirements of system
• Keep In contact
Power CommunicationsSystems
Research GroupOpenUniversity
26