Transcript Linking Medical Disciplines with Theories of the Small

LINKING MEDICAL DISCIPLINES
WITH THEORIES OF THE
SMALL-WORLD
Renée G. Rubin
Research Method

Introduction
Data Acquisition

45 Combinations of Medical Disciplines

nn  1
1  2  3  ...  n 
.

2
i 1
n
Kevin Bacon

Six degrees of Kevin Bacon
1. Think of an actor or actress.
2. If they have ever been in a film with Kevin Bacon, then
they have a “Bacon Number” of one.
3. If they have never been in a film with Kevin Bacon but
have been in a film with somebody else who has, then
they have a Bacon Number of two, and so on.
Stanley Milgram –
Small World Experiment
“What is the probability that
any two people, selected
arbitrarily from a large
population, such as that of the
United States, will know each
other?”
Migram’s Experiment


Experiment to link arbitrary individuals to a preselected ‘target.’
Experiment Rules
Send postcard to Harvard
The cycle
continues until
the target in
Boston is
reached.
If target is unknown
– send to someone
who may know the
target
If target is known – mail to him/her
Milgram Results

Chain Length
 Mean
number of links = 5.2
 Mean
from Boston = 4.4
 Mean from Nebraska = 5.7
 Initial
Assumtion: Stockholders in Nebraska have a
lower chain length.
 Nebraska
Stockholder = 5.4
 Nebraska Control = 5.7

Conclusion
Not significantly different
Nifty Bush Cartoon
Average Path Length
Clustering Coefficient
1
8
1
2
7
8
3
6
4
5
2
7
3
6
4
5
Data
Combination
Shared
Lines
1st discipline
lines
2nd discipline
lines
Percent
shared
Total
cardio dentistry
34342
37742
186492
224234
15.32%
cardio geriatrics
19307
37742
66953
104695
18.44%
119560
37742
510384
548126
21.81%
cardio neurology
15638
37742
46631
84373
18.53%
cardio nutrition
96142
37742
409046
446788
21.52%
cardio obstetrics
30266
37742
107507
145249
20.84%
cardio oncology
50696
37742
206438
244180
20.76%
6440
37742
27061
64803
9.94%
88341
37742
380175
417917
21.14%
cardio neonatalogy
cardio opthalmology
cardio osteopathy
Data
Cardio
Percent Neonatology Percent Osteopathy Percent Nutrition
Percent Oncology
Percent
Neonatalogy
21.81% Cardiology
21.81% Cardiology
21.14% Cardiology
21.52% Cardiology
20.76%
Nutrition
21.52% Nutrition
15.72% Neonatology
14.67% Neonatalogy
15.72% Osteopathy
11.18%
Osteopathy
21.14% Osteopathy
14.67% Nutrition
12.20% Osteopathy
12.20% Neonatalogy
9.32%
Obstetrics
20.84% Obstetrics
11.32% Oncology
11.18% Oncology
8.73% Nutrition
8.73%
Oncology
20.76% Oncology
9.32% Dentistry
9.91% Dentistry
7.70% Dentistry
6.12%
Neurology
18.53% Dentistry
6.63% Obstetrics
6.06% Obstetrics
6.89% Obstetrics
5.83%
Geriatrics
18.44% Geriatrics
4.02% Geriatrics
4.70% Geriatrics
5.48% Neurology
5.10%
Dentistry
15.32% Neurology
3.57% Neurology
4.29% Neurology
3.39% Geriatrics
5.04%
Ophthalmology
9.94% Ophthalmology 1.97% Ophthalmology 2.25% Ophthalmology 1.69% Ophthalmology
2.17%
18.70%
9.89%
9.60%
9.26%
8.25%
Obstetrics
Percent Dentistry
Percent Geriatrics
Percent Neurology
Percent Ophthalmology Percent
Cardiology
20.84% Cardiology
15.32% Cardiology
18.44% Cardiology
18.53% Cardiology
9.94%
Neonatology
11.32% Osteopathy
9.91% Nutrition
5.48% Oncology
5.10% Neurology
4.06%
Nutrition
6.89% Nutrition
7.70% Oncology
5.04% Osteopathy
4.29% Geriatrics
2.64%
Osteopathy
6.06% Neonatalogy
6.63% Dentistry
4.97% Geriatrics
4.28% Osteopathy
2.25%
Oncology
5.83% Oncology
6.12% Osteopathy
4.70% Ophthalmology 4.06% Obstetrics
2.24%
Dentistry
4.63% Geriatrics
4.97% Obstetrics
4.62% Obstetrics
3.66% Oncology
2.17%
Geriatrics
4.62% Obstetrics
4.63% Neurology
4.28% Neonatology
3.57% Dentistry
2.01%
Neurology
3.66% Neurology
3.11% Neonatology
4.02% Nutrition
3.39% Neonatalogy
1.97%
Ophthalmology
2.24% Ophthalmology 2.01% Ophthalmology 2.64% Dentistry
3.11% Nutrition
1.69%
7.34%
6.71%
6.02%
5.55%
3.22%
Graph
Neonatology
- Vertices
represent medical
disciplines
- Thickness of
edges represent
the number of
connections
between vertices.
Neurology
Osteopathy
Geriatrics
Nutrition
Ophthalmology
Oncology
Cardiology
Obstetrics
Dentistry
Conclusion


Findings
Data Difficulties
 Accents
 é,
ö, ñ, ç etc.
 Typos/Transpositions
 Vanatakin
N
 Vaantakin N
 The
elusive middle initial
 Vanatakin
N
 Vanatakin NA
Acknowledgements




Dr. Ed Harcourt
Dr. Patti Frazer Lock
Dr. Collen Knickerbocker
Jamie Perconti