Transcript Slide 1

Emerging Clean Coal
Technologies:
Limiting the Environmental Impact of
Coal Power Generation
Michael Slanders
Office of Clean
Energy Systems,
US Department
of Energy
Presentation Overview
I. US/World Electricity Outlook
II. Clean Coal Technologies as a Solution
III. Meeting R&D Challenges
1. Gasification
2. Advanced Combustion
3. Carbon Capture and Storage
IV. Demonstrating Clean Coal’s Potential
1. FutureGen
2. Clean Coal Power Initiative (CCPI)
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EPA Region 4, Atlanta, GA
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U.S. & World
Electricity Outlook
U.S.
World
Renewables
9%
Coa
l
53%
Natural Gas
14%
Nuclear
21%
Oil
3%
41% increase from 2005-2030
85% increase/yr. from 2004-2030
Challenge: Meet the increasing national/worldwide demand
while addressing global climate change
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Sources: International Energy Outlook, 2007: Fig. 60;
Annual Energy Outlook, 2007: Fig. 53 & 2006: Table 8
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Clean Coal Technologies
as a Solution

Near-Zero Emissions
- Remove all environmental concerns
over the use of coal with regard to
criteria pollutants and greenhouse
gas emissions (CO2)


Emerging Clean Coal Technologies (CCT)
- Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
(IGCC)
- Ultra-Supercritical Combustion
- Oxy-fuel Combustion
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
- Stabilize greenhouse gases in the
R&D Challenges
1. Limit
Environmental
Impact
2. Improve Cost,
Efficiency, &
Reliability
atmosphere through safe and permanent
sequestration
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EPA Region 4, Atlanta, GA
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Clean Coal’s Path to
Near-Zero Emissions
Carbon
Capture and Storage
Capture
Advanced
Combustion
Storage
FutureGen
Large-Scale
Field Tests
CCPI
Core R&D Program
Advanced
Research
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Advanced
Turbines
Fuel Cells
Fuels
EPA Region 4, Atlanta, GA
IGCC
Carbon
Sequestration
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Overview of
Advanced Gasification
Advanced Gasification Features
• Partial oxidation rather than
complete combustion
• Formation of a combustible
“syngas” that can be cleaned
of potential pollutants
• “Combined Cycle”
power generation
(combustion & steam)
• Hydrogen production
• Marketable byproducts
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IGCC Flow Diagram, Source: Colorado School of Mines
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Meeting Gasification
R&D Challenges
Emerging Technologies: IGCC
Limiting Environmental Impact
1. Develop high-temperature syngas
shift technologies for hydrogen
combustion
Improving Cost, Efficiency, & Reliability
1. Lower technology capital costs
- Gasification
- Air Separation Units
- Hydrogen Turbines
IGCC Power Plant, Polk County. TECO Energy
- Fuel Cells
2. Develop membrane technologies for H2/CO2 separation
3. Demonstrate near-zero IGCC feasibility at large-scale
4. Reduce maintenance/operation costs
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Overview of
Advanced Combustion
Advanced Combustion Features
• Capable of enhancing existing
power generation facilities
• Reliable processes and
generation methods
• Higher efficiencies
• Lower specific emissions
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Oxy-Fuel Flow Diagram, Source: www.ccsd.biz
EPA Region 4, Atlanta, GA
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Meeting Advanced Combustion
R&D Challenges
Emerging Technologies: Ultra-supercritical
Oxy-fuel
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4.4
Pollutants (lb/MM Btu)
Limiting Environmental Impact
1. Enhance current flue gas cleanup
- Flue Gas Desulfurization (SOx)
- Selective Catalytic Reduction (NOx)
- Electrostatic Precipitation (PM)
2. Develop advanced low NOx burners
Emissions from Coal
Power Plants
4
1970
3
1997
2005
2
1.4
1
0.8
1.1
0.58
0.5
Improving Cost, Efficiency, & Reliability
0.39
0.03
1. Reduce the costs of:
0
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Particulate
- High-temperature and
Dioxide
Oxides
Matter
high-strength materials
- Large-volume CO2 capture
2. Enhance low-cost membrane technologies for Air Separation Units
3. Demonstrate at large-scale
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E
Meeting Carbon Capture and Storage
R&D Challenges
Emerging Technologies: Capture- Advanced Selexol, Membranes,
Advanced CO2 Compression
Storage- Geologic Formations,
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Limiting Environmental Impact
1. Monitor sites to insure permanent storage
2. Develop sequestration options most suited
for particular regions
- Regional Partnerships
- Carbon Sequestration
Leadership Forum (CSLF)
Improving Cost, Efficiency, & Reliability
1. Improve capture methods
2. Demonstrate at large-scale
Geologic Sequestration Paths
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Demonstrating Clean Coal’s
Potential: FutureGen
Objectives of the FutureGen Project:
Integrate IGCC, CCS, and hydrogen
production technologies to gain
acceptance of the near-zero emissions
coal concept
Prove the effectiveness, safety, and
permanence of large-scale CO2
sequestration
Validate the engineering, economic, and
environmental viability of coal-based nearzero emission technologies for
commercial readiness by 2020.
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Demonstrating Clean Coal’s
Potential: CCPI
Great River Energy
Lignite Fuel Enhancement
$13.5M – DOE
$31.5M – Total
Excelsior Energy
IGCC
$36 M – DOE
$2,156 M – Total
NeuCo, Inc. Integrated
Optimization Software
$8M – DOE
$18M – Total
Pegasus Technologies
Adv Sensor / Optimization
Hg / Multi-pollutant
$6.1 M – DOE
$12.2 M – Total
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Wisconsin Electric Power Co.
TOXECON Multi-Pollutant
Control
$25M – DOE
$50M – Total
WMPI PTY., LLC
Coal-to-Clean
Fuels & Power
$100M – DOE
$612M – Total
Western Greenbrier
Clean Coal Co-Production
$107M – DOE
$214M – Total
U. of Kentucky Research Foundation
Multi-Product Coal Utilization
$4M – DOE
$9M – Total
EPA Region 4, Atlanta, GA
So. Co. Services
IGCC-Transport Gasifier
$294 M – DOE
$844 M – Total
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Summary Remarks
Coal will continue to play a large role in domestic/worldwide power
generation
Clean Coal Technologies offer the potential for coal power production
with near-zero emissions and limited environmental impact
While ultra-low emission technologies have been, and will continue to
be, demonstrated, R&D currently focuses on improving performance
efficiencies and reducing costs through technology advances
Further large-scale projects such as FutureGen and those
demonstrated in CCPI are needed to gain acceptance of clean coal
technologies’ ability to achieve near-zero emissions.
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Technology Improvements
to Meet Challenges
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Polk Emissions Improvements
Emissions (pounds per million Btu)
2.5
2.07
2
SO2
1.5
1.2
0.6 to 1.2
NOx
1
0.47
0.5
0.07
(15 ppm)
0.1
0
Older Coal
Plant
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Fleet Avg.
TECO CCT
Plant
Older Coal
Plant
EPA Region 4, Atlanta, GA
Fleet Avg.
TECO CCT
Plant
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Wabash Emissions Improvements
Emissions (pounds per million Btu)
3.1
3
SO2
2
NOx
0.8
1
0.15
0.1
0
Before CCT
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After CCT
Before CCT
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After CCT
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National SO2 Emissions
1989-91
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Source: http://www.epa.gov/castnet
EPA Region 4, Atlanta, GA
2004-06
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DOE Budget by Organization
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