Transcript GIS Curriculum Development and the Education Practice in Japan

GIS Curriculum Development and
the Education Practice in Japan
Morishige Ota
Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd.
University of Tokyo
Member of the OGC Global Advisory Council
Special Thanks to GIS Development
March 2004
Vol.8, Issue 3
Reprinted
in the Newsletter
of ISO/TC211
on April 2004
2
Outline
1. Japanese experience of geospatial information
sharing
2. GIS&T Body of Knowledge (BoK) and Curriculum
Development, and the Education Practice in Japan
3. Consideration as a member of OGC Global
Advisory Council
3
1. Japanese experience - The Earthquake
GISs have been introduced in Japan since late 70s.
The Great Hanshin Earthquake hit on January 17,
1995.
It was difficult to get and share maps of life lines, cadastral
information, and city planning, because buildings of city halls
and other public organizations were broken and there was no
mechanism to share geospatial information.
Central government established the meeting of various
ministries to share geographic information in July, 1995.
Private companies established NSDI Promoting Association
(NSDIPA) in October, 1995.
NSDIPA entered into MoU between OGC on 1997.
Database Promotion Center under Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry entered into MoU between OGC on 2000.
4
1. Japanese experience – Integrated GIS
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications established the
committee for Integrated GIS for local governments in 1996.
Integrated GIS: GIS network realizing spatial data sharing even if
node systems are different among departments
Citizens
Image of information sharing in the city government
standardized data exchange
interface
Road administration Dep.
City planning Dep.
Revenue Dep.
Water & Sewage Dep.
Buildings
Water pipe
Road boundaries
Parcels
5
1. Japanese experience – NSDI Act
On May 2007, Basic Act on the Advancement of Utilizing Geospatial
Information (NSDI Act) was enacted by the Japanese National Diet.
Article 16: Development of FGD (Fundamental Geospatial Data)
The State Government shall issue technical standards with regard to
the development of FGD, in order to disseminate the use of GIS by
promoting the sharing of FGD.
Article 17: Interoperability of FGD in Geospatial Services
The State and local governments shall make efforts to maximize the
interoperable use of existing FGD .....
Article 13: Development of Human Resources
The State Government shall take necessary measures in order to
develop human resources that are equipped with expertise and
technologies for Advancement of Utilizing Geospatial Information.
6
2. Education – BoK Development
Funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
1. The Research of Sustainable Collaborative Web Library for the Contents
on GI-Science (GISc) Standard Curricula
- Chair: Prof. Atsuyuki Okabe (University of Tokyo)
- From 2005 up to 2007
Output:- GIS&T Body of Knowledge (BoK)
2. Education Method and Learning Material Development of Geospatial
Thinking Based on GISc Standard Curricula
- Chair: Prof. Yasushi Asami (University of Tokyo)
- From 2009 up to 2013
Envisioned outputs:
- Improved edition of GIS&T BoK
- Course materials (textbooks, slides, sample curricula)
- Software tool focused on the GIS&T Education
http://curricula.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/stgis2011/
7
2. Education – BoK Development
Why we need new GIS&T Body of Knowledge?
The number of expert is not enough at least in Japan, despite the
construction and maintenance of SDI are urgent issues.
To answer the social demand, BoK for GIS education should be improved,
because we need not only GI-Sciences but Geospatial Information
Technology (GIT) for the construction of SDI.
People
Society
Geospatial services
SDI
GIT-Standards
Info. Infra. IT-Standards
GIS&T
GI-Software
User I/F
Software
Devices
GISc
GIT
S&T Geo-sciences
Geo-data GIT Experts
Data
Experts
IT
8
2. Education – BoK Development
GIT standards such as OGC standards are constructed on knowledge
of GIS&T, and most of them are consistent with others. Thus, we can
see these standards as a systematized gateway to reach knowledge
of GIS&T.
9
2. Education – BoK Development
The tentative framework of Japanese GIS&T BoK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Introduction
Modeling and formalization of the real world phenomena
Spatial data acquisition
Spatial data transformation and management
Spatial analysis
Visualization
GIS and society
Introduction to Standards
2.1. Model and Schema (UML)
2.2. General Feature Model, Application Schema, and Instantiation by XML
2.3. Spatial Schema
2.4. Spatial Referencing by Coordinate
2.5. Spatial Referencing by Geographic Identifier
2.6. Temporal Schema and Temporal Reference System
2.7. Coverage Schema
10
2. Education – Practice
Since 2008,
Purpose: Students understand overall picture of GIT
Target: 2nd and 3rd year undergraduate students in
Urban Engineering Department at the University of
Tokyo
Course: 14 lectures, 4 short exercises and 1
examination
Keywords:
Basic knowledge of Object Oriented Modeling
Interoperability of geographic data
Understanding Geographic Information Standards
Conceptual Modeling using UML
Geographic Data Instantiation using XML
11
2. Education – Practice
14 lectures held in 2010
1. Introduction
2. Spatial thinking and conceptual modeling
3. Formal description of models
4. General feature model
5. Application schema and instance model
6. Spatial schema (1)
7. Spatial schema (2)
8. Temporal schema
9. Reference systems
10.Place and its description
You can download the tentative course material in
English from this URL.
11.Coverage
12.Spatial analysis
https://public.me.com/otamorishige/
Folder: GIT_Lectures
13.Portrayal
File: GIT_Lectures.zip
14.Spatial data acquisition
12
3. Consideration - Observation
OGC
- partners closely with universities and research
organizations worldwide.
- focuses on transferring knowledge to developing
countries and regions.
- works with national governments that are funding
university and research communities.
- helps private sector organizations respond to the
national/regional/local government requirements.
13
3. Consideration – Current situation
Countries with poorly developed SDI can learn about
international best practices through OGC.
Multinational commercial organizations can make their
medium and long-term efforts by OGC support.
However, SDIs are at different stages of development, and
market conditions and institutional arrangements vary
significantly ( e.g., Population, Climate, and SmartGrid)
14
3. Consideration – Action
OGC will
- support the utilization of Standards in
national/regional/local governments and private sectors.
- identify the education requirements and support efforts
to construct GIS&T BoK, and the curriculum design.
- disseminate University Curricula and Open Source
Software especially to developing regions.
15
3. Consideration - Conclusion
We need the education for the people involved in SDI.
Planners must design a plan so as to share geo-data,
avoid overlapping investment, and ensure security and
privacy.
System integrators must ensure safety, efficiency, and
liability associated with SDI and application integration.
Data suppliers must supply data in compliance with
standards and ensure accuracy and currency.
Standards are more than rules. Standards are useful to
educate SDI stakeholders.
16
Thanks for your attention!
You can download the tentative course material in
English from this URL.
https://public.me.com/otamorishige/
Folder: GIT_Lectures
File: GIT_Lectures.zip
17