Transcript CARBOHYDRATES - Central High School

Warm-Up Question
You are a food scientist and it is your job to
determine if there is sugar and starch in a new
drink.
• How would you test to see if the product contains
sugar? Starch?
•Write your answer in a sentence starting with the
phrase: “If I were a food scientist in charge of
testing a new drink…”
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates:
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
CHO
Carbohydrates
• Small sugar molecules to
large starch molecules.
• Used for Energy
• Some provide structure
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide: one sugar unit
Examples:
blood
glucose
sugar
glucose (C6H12O6) is
sugar
deoxyribose in DNA
fructose is fruit sugar
galactose is milk
Different Forms of Glucose
Disaccharide: two sugar unit
Examples:
–Maltose (glucose+glucose)
in malt
–Sucrose (glucose+fructose)
is sugar
–Lactose
glucose
glucose
(glucose+galactose)
in milk
Polysaccharide: many sugar
units
Examples:
starch (rice, potatoes, cereal)
glycogen (starch in the liver)
cellulose (lettuce, wood, fiber)
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
cellulose
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
Starch
• Consists of glucose
subunits
• Plant energy
storage molecule
• Starch can be
digested by animals.
Cellulose
• Composed of glucose
subunits
• Different bond formed
than starch
• Structural component in
plants
• Cannot be digested by
animals
Glycogen:
Humans and other mammals
make a special form of
carbohydrate in their liver.
Glycogen can be broken down
into glucose for cellular energy.
Three Monosaccharides
C6H12O6
Dehydration Synthesis
• Sugars bond together to make disaccharides and
polysaccharides.
• Water is removed.
How Disaccharides form:
Hydrolysis:
Water is added to split sugars apart.