Transcript Transpoert policy of Hungary and its context

TRANSPORT POLICY OF HUNGARY –
AND ITS CONTEXT
Tamás Fleischer
Institute for World Economics
Centre for Economic and Regional Studies
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/efleischer_tamas.shtml
<[email protected]>
Central European University
13th February, 2013
Transport Policy of Hungary
– and its European context
 What is a policy ?
 What is the transport policy ?
 The structure of a good policy document
 Documents and contexts of the EU and Hungarian transport policies of




the last two decades (a list)
About the history
About the main problems
About the processes
About the documents and not sub-sectors, navigation, Malév,
privatisation, bicycle roads, urban transport,
constructions etc.
 Conclusion (I tell it now):
too many documents called all strategies,
and much less strategic thinking and use of strategies.
2
Transport Policy of Hungary
– and its European context
 What is a policy ?
 A policy is a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational
outcomes.
 Basic principles by which a government is guided.
 A policy is an intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol.
 Declared objectives of a government
to achieve and preserve in the interest of national community.
 Co-ordinated governance intent and strategy to direct and control a
given government sector or field towards declared objectives and basic
principles.
 What is the transport policy ?
 Co-ordinated governance intent and strategy to direct and control
the transportation field towards declared objectives and basic
principles.
 The structure of a good sector policy => (see later)
3
Transport Policy of Hungary
– and of the European Union
4
Transport Policy of Hungary
– and of the European Union
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
5
1990
Transport Policy of Hungary
– and of the European Union
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
2004
6
1990
Transport Policy of Hungary
– and of the European Union
„Time to decide” 2001
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
2004
7
1990
„White Paper” 1992
„Time to decide” 2001
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
2004
8
1990
„White Paper” 1992
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
„Time to decide” 2001
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
2004
9
1990
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
„Time to decide” 2001
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
2004
10
1990
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
2004
11
1990
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
2004
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
12
1990
2004
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
13
1990
2004
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
pretations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
14
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
2004
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
pretations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
15
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
2004
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
access
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
pretations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
16
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
2004
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
access
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
pretations
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
17
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
17
18
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
19
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
New Hungary Development Plan 2006
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
20
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
New Hungary Development Plan 2006
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
NHDP Transport Operational
Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007
21
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
New Hungary Development Plan 2006
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
NHDP Transport Operational
Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007
22
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
New Hungary Development Plan 2006
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
NHDP Transport Operational
Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007
23
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
New Hungary Development Plan 2006
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
NHDP Transport Operational
Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007
24
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008
Revision of TEN-T guidelines
2009…10…11…
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
New Hungary Development Plan 2006
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
NHDP Transport Operational
Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007
25
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008
Revision of TEN-T guidelines
2009…10…11…
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
„Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area:
Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”
EU White Paper 2011
New Hungary Development Plan 2006
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
NHDP Transport Operational
Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007
26
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008
Revision of TEN-T guidelines
2009…10…11…
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
New Hungary Development Plan 2006
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007
„Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area:
Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”
EU White Paper 2011
New Széchenyi Plan 2011
with Chapter Transport
NHDP Transport Operational
Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007
27
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
New Hungary Development Plan 2006
NHDP Transport Operational
Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008
Revision of TEN-T guidelines
2009…10…11…
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007
„Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area:
Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”
EU White Paper 2011
New Széchenyi Plan 2011
with Chapter Transport
Széll Kálmán Plan 2011
with Chapter Transport
28
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008
Revision of TEN-T guidelines
2009…10…11…
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
New Hungary Development Plan 2006
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007
„Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area:
Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”
EU White Paper 2011
New Széchenyi Plan 2011
with Chapter Transport
NHDP Transport Operational
Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007
Széll Kálmán Plan 2011
with Chapter Transport
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007
National Transport Strategy
(preparation 2011-12)
29
Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc.
1990
Process
of
Europanisation:
deepening
and
widening;
HU
from
transition
to
acc2004
ess
Basic
principles,
transport
geography,
change
of
general
objectives,
considerations
…
„White Paper” 1992
Trans-European Networks
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99
„Time to decide” 2001
Comments,
remarks,
inter-,
relations
Hungarian Transport Policy
2003-2015
TEN revision 2004 (29 April)
Development
of
other
policies:
land
use,
environment
protection,
informatics,
urban
development
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008
Revision of TEN-T guidelines
2009…10…11…
17
Revision of WP’2001 in 2006
New Hungary Development Plan 2006
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007
„Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area:
Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”
EU White Paper 2011
New Széchenyi Plan 2011
with Chapter Transport
NHDP Transport Operational
Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007
Széll Kálmán Plan 2011
with Chapter Transport
Integrated Transport Development
Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007
National Transport Strategy
(preparation 2011-12)
29
30
From the past of our ‘transport policy’ 1848
1848 István Széchenyi – The role of Budapest, the role of the transport
31
Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza
Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest
32
Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza
Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest
33
Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza
Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest
34
Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza
Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest
35
36
Common Transport Policy (CTP)
of the EU 1992 and 2001
 Before 1992
– There was no integrated transport policy in the union,
single sectorial targets
main motivation was the regulation of the competition
 EU CTP 1992 „Single network to the single market”
– Integrated transport policy – but focus on one single layer
(international level)
– Inter-modality, interoperability, free access, corridors,
TEN-T, single market
 EU Transport Policy 2001: „Time to Decide”
– Main target: decoupling the link between the economic
and the transport growth
- focus on limiting road transport through charging,
- with efficiency measures in other modes,
- and with targeted investments… …into the TEN networks…
37
TEN and its extension to the east
Source: Az országos közúthálózat 1991-2000 évekre szóló-fejlesztési programja 1991, KHVM.
The birth of corridor thinking, renumbering the roads in 1975
38
TEN and its extension to the east
 What does the eastern extension of the TEN means ?
39
TEN and its extension to the east
 Extension of the grid toward the east
40
TEN and its extension to the east
 Prolongation of the east-west corridors
41
TEN and its extension to the east
 Prolongation of the east-west corridors
42
TEN and its extension to the east
 Prolongation of the east-west corridors
43
TEN and its extension to the east
Source: http://www.khvm.hu/EU-integracio/A_magyarorszagi_TINA_halozat/Image11.gif
Helsinki, or Pan-European transport corridors
44
Dilemmas of the Central European
Transport Policy in time of the EU Enlargement
 European Interest 1 – Corridors (TEN-T) in western Europe were based
on the internal demand of the EU area, namely on the necessity of the
interconnection of well developed national networks (“Single network to
the single market”)
 European Interest 2 – the extension of the TEN-T network toward the
East was rather the extension of the east-west corridors of the TEN-T
than the extension of the grid itself. It reflected the Fifteen’s interest
rather than the overall interest of the enlarged European Union.
 European Interest 3 – during the adaptation of the EU (CTP) priorities
the transition countries overestimated the significance of the TEN-T
(supranational) level in territorial cohesion. Without proper local
networks the expected advantages can not penetrate into the local
economy to promote cohesion – good local network is a general interest.
 Special Interest 4 – the structure/pattern of the inter-regional networks
within Hungary follows an over-centralised structure that cause special
barrier in the development of the adaptive capacity of the country.
45
Road map of Hungary
46
Road network of Hungary 1950s
Source: Magyarország útikönyv 1955
47
Traffic volume on the roads of Hungary
Source: KTI http://www.kti.hu/uploads/images/Trendek6/Masodik/2-350.jpg
48
Hungarian road network: secondary roads
The secondary road network of Hungary reserved the
imprint of the cart tracks connecting villages
49
Patkó Károly: Útjavítók (1928)
50
Hungarian road network: main roads
The main road network created a new structure and
interconnected towns to each other
51
Hungarian road network:
main roads with motorways 1990
The new inter-regional road system didn’t create a new
structure, but has been built on the main roads
52
TEN and its extension to the east
Forrás: Útgazdálkodás 1994-1998. KHVM, Közúti Főosztály
Hungary planned to lead the transit traffic through its most
heavily loaded areas that would need rather protection
53
Source: KHEM homepage Gyorsforgalmi úthálózat 1963-2010. http://www.khem.gov.hu/data/cms1558708/gyorsforg_k.jpg
54
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
 Five strategic objectives of the Hungarian transport policy





adopted in 1996
(1) supporting successful integration into the European Union;
(2) promoting the co-operation with the neighbouring
countries;
(3) promoting a more balanced territorial development
of the country;
(4) protection of the human life of the built and
the natural environment;
(5) effective and market-oriented transport regulation.
 While the objectives formed a well-balanced system of criteria,
in the reality the first objective ( integration into the European
Union ) has got an absolute priority, in an understanding that
above all it is the main corridors that serve that target.
55
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
 Five strategic objectives of the Hungarian transport policy







adopted in 1996
(1) supporting successful integration into the European Union;
(2) promoting the co-operation with the neighbouring
countries;
(3) promoting a more balanced territorial development
of the country;
(4) protection of the human life and of the built and
the natural environment;
(5) effective and market-oriented transport regulation (?).
Foreign, internal, territorial, social, environmental, economic
While the objectives formed a well-balanced system of criteria,
in the reality the first objective ( integration into the European
Union ) has got an absolute priority, in an understanding that
above all it is the main corridors that serve that target.
56
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996
 Transport policy 1996 Splitting the strategic objectives
Main strategic
objectives
Target fields
1.
Supporting
successful
integration
into the
European
Union
2.
Promoting
the cooperation
with the
neighbouring
countries
3.
Promoting a
more
balanced
territorial
development of the
country
4.
Protection
of the
human life
and of the
environment
5.
Effective
and
marketoriented
…???
Infrastructure and
vehicles
Service, operation,
traffic
Regulation,
financing and
implementation +
human policy
57
Transport Policy of Hungary
– and its European context
 The structure of a good sector policy:
 General principles of the society (equity, justice etc.) external factors
 More detailed, now relevant still society based objectives of the
government politics (spatial balance, better environment, etc) still
external factors (‘main strategic objectives’)
 Transport sector specific objectives in order to reach the general
political objectives (less emission, public transport priority etc.)
 Priorities, programs to promote and reach the sector-specific objectives
 Sets of task to serve and achieve priorities and programs
 …list of projects (not policy level)
58
Hungarian Transport Policy 1996 +
 Transport policy 1996 Splitting the strategic objectives
Main strategic
objectives
1.
Supporting
successful
integration
into the
European
Union
2.
Promoting
the cooperation
with the
neighbouring
countries
3.
Promoting a
more
balanced
territorial
development of the
country
4.
Protection
of the
human life
and of the
environment
Transport
specific main
objectives
TEN-T ???
Rebuild
border
crossing
possibilities
…
Better
secondary
national
transport
networks ???
Traffic
safety,
SEA
prescriptions… …
An important step was missing…
5.
Effective
and
marketoriented
…???
59
Hungarian Transport Policy 2003–2015
 „Five” strategic objectives
 „Its main strategic goals have remained mainly unchanged since the





original transportation policy adopted in 1996. i.e.:”
• improvement of the quality of the life, conservation of health,
reduction of the territorial differences, increasing the traffic safety,
protection of the built and natural environment;
• supporting successful integration into the European Union;
• improvement of the conditions of the contacts with the
neighbouring countries and their enlargement;
• aiding the implementation of the land use development objectives;
• creation of the conditions of the efficient operation and
maintenance with the aid of the regulated competition.
 Altogether 32 objectives, goals, targets, aims etc. appeared
in the document
60
Strategic Environmental Assessment of the
Hungarian Transport Policy 2003–2015
 Alternative suggestion to a homogeneous form
of the strategic objectives (5): *
1.1.1.1 A közlekedéspolitika öt lehetséges főiránya:
1. főirány:
az egészség és az emberi élet minőségének javítása,
2. főirány:
3. főirány:
a területi és társadalmi különbségek csökkentése,
az épített és természeti környezet védelme,
4. főirány:
a kapcsolatok bővítése és feltételeinek javítása a környező országokkal és az
Európai Unióval
a hatékony, versenyképes gazdaság biztosítása.
5. főirány:
61
Strategic Environmental Assessment of the
Hungarian Transport Policy 2003–2015
 Alternative suggestion to a homogeneous form
of the policy goals (10): *











• creating a sustainable, environment respecting transport system;
• increasing transport safety;
• prefering public transport relative to individual traffic
• prefering water and rail transport and also combined transport
• effective use of existing transport elements;
• construction of missing infrastructure with the development of a less
centralised network structure.
• high level transport services;
• use of up-to-date knowledge and info-technology;
• to follow fares, supports, regulations used in the European Union
• financing system that is calculable
• an international level effective and competitive transport operation
 * Based on the 32 objectives, goals, targets, aims etc. appeared in the document
62
14 . a területfejlesztési célok
megvalósításának
előmozdítása
++
0
++
R–+
H+
–+
+–
R–
H0
2. Vannak olyan területek, amelyeket a közút hálózati elemeknek
kötelezően el kell kerülniük
–
+
++
+?
+
–+
0
++
–+
–+
+–
–
+
3. Minimális hosszúságú tranzitpályákat és autópályákat kell
kialakítani, a belföldi forgalom zavarása, nélkül.
+
+
+?
+
+
+
++
–+
–+
+–
–+
+
4. A lakott területek belső, műemléki övezeteiben, az üdülőterületeken a forgalmat korlátozni kell
–
+
++
+?
+
0+
++
++
–+
0
+–
5. A közlekedés kibocsátásai keresztül nem károsíthatja az emberi
egészséget
0
++
+?
++
–+
+
++
–+
+–
–+
+
6. A balesetek, gázolások csökkentése nemcsak az emberre, de az
állatvilágra nézve is.
+
+
+?
++
+–
++
+
–+
–
+–
–+
+
7. Az élőállatok szállítási körülményeinek javítása is szükséges
+
+
+?
0
0
0
++
+
0 (+)
0
–+
+
8. Minden település tömegközlekedési elérhetőségét biztosítani kell
–
+
++
+?
0+
++
+
+–
–+
0 (+)
+–
–
–
9. A távolsági tömegközlekedés elérési ideje nem haladhatja meg
jelentősen a gépkocsival való elérést.
–
+
–+ !
+?
+
+
+
+
–+
–+
+–
–
+
10. Az utas számára a tömegközlekedés nem válhat a stresszhelyzetek sorozatává
+
+
+?
++
+
+0
+
–+
+
–+
0
–+
–+
11. Energiatakarékos és szigorú környezetvédelmi normáknak
megfelelő járműparkot kell kialakítani
–
+
+
+?
+
+0
+0
++
0 (+)
0
–
+
12. Az áruszállításban a közutak tehermentesítését szolgáló
kínálat-bővítést kell megteremteni
–
+
+
+?
+
+–
+
++ –
+–
–+
+–
–
–+
13. A környezetkímélőbb, kisebb terület-felhasználással járó
energiatakarékosabb áruszállítást preferálni kell
–
+
+
+?
+
0
+–
+
+–
–+
+–
–+
–+
14. Az áruszállítási költségeknek tükrözniük kell a közlekedés
externális hatásait
–
+
+
+?
+
–+
+
+
+–
0
0
–+
+
15. A fejlesztéseknél preferálni kell a gyalogos és kerékpáros
közlekedés feltételeinek a javítását
–+
– ++
+?
+
0
++
++ –
+–
0
+–
–
+
+
+
+
15. a hatékony
üzemeltetés
feltételeinek
megteremtése a
szabályozott verseny
segítségével
13. a környező
országokkal a
kapcsolatok
bővítése és
feltételeinek javítása
+
11. az épített és
természeti környezet
védelme
12 .az Európai
Unióba való sikeres
integrációnk
elősegítése
+?
9. a területi
különbségek
csökkentése
10. a közlekedésbiztonság növelése
+
1. Az értékes ökoszisztémák érintettségét minimalizálni kell
8. az egészség
megőrzése
3. a környezet
szempontjából
fenntartható mobilitás
biztosításával
R– –
H+
A fenntarthatósági
értékrend elemei
Általános
társadalompolitikai
célok
7. [Ld. 2]
az életminőség
javítása
2. az életminőség
javítása
1. a tartós gazdasági
növekedés
elősegítése
Strategic Environmental Assessment of the
Hungarian Transport Policy 2003–2015
–+
+–
+
63
++
++
–
0–
–+
+–
0+
–+
+–
++
++
–
0–
–+
+–
+
–+
–0
++
+
+
+–
+–
+–
+
–+
+
++
++
0
+–
–
+–
++
–+
+–
++
++
0
+–
+–
0
++
–+
+
+
++
0+
+–
+–
0+
+
+0
+
+
++
0
+
–+
0
+
+–
+–
++
+
0
++
+–
+–
++
+–
–+
++
+
0
+–
–+
+–
++ –
–+
+–
+
++
0+
++
–+
+
++
0+
+
++
++
+
++ –
–
+
++
–+
+–
+
++
+–
–+
–+
+–
++ –
–+
+–
++
++
0
+–
–+
+
++
0–
+
++
++
0
+–
–+
+
0+
–+
+–
+
++
0
+–
–
+–
+–
24
korszerű szaktudás
és technológia
alkalmazása
+–
22
kiszámítható
finanszírozási
rendszer
20
a meglévő
közlekedési elemek
hatékony
kihasználása
–
16
a fenntartható
fejlődés biztosítása
19 *
magas színvonalú
közleke-dési
szolgáltatások
biztosítása
1. Az értékes ökoszisztémák érintettségét
minimalizálni kell
2. Vannak olyan területek, amelyeket a közút hálózati
elemeknek kötelezően el kell kerülniük
3. Minimális hosszúságú tranzitpályákat és
autópályákat kell kialakítani, a belföldi forgalom
zavarása, nélkül.
4. A lakott területek belső, műemléki övezeteiben, az
üdülő- területeken a forgalmat korlátozni kell
5. A közlekedés kibocsátásai keresztül nem
károsíthatja az emberi egészséget
6. A balesetek, gázolások csökkentése nemcsak az
emberre, de az állatvilágra nézve is.
7. Az élőállatok szállítási körülményeinek javítása is
szükséges
8. Minden település tömegközlekedési elérhetőségét
biztosítani kell
9. A távolsági tömegközlekedés elérési ideje nem
haladhatja meg jelentősen a gépkocsival való elérést.
10. Az utas számára a tömegközlekedés nem válhat a
stressz-helyzetek sorozatává
11. Energiatakarékos és szigorú környezetvédelmi
normáknak megfelelő járműparkot kell kialakítani
12. Az áruszállításban a közutak tehermentesítését
szolgáló kínálat-bővítést kell megteremteni
13. A környezetkímélőbb, kisebb területfelhasználással járó energiatakarékosabb áruszállítást
preferálni kell
14. Az áruszállítási költségeknek tükrözniük kell a
közlekedés externális hatásait
15. A fejlesztéseknél preferálni kell a gyalogos és
kerékpáros közlekedés feltételeinek a javítását
5
az EU
közlekedésben
alkalmazott
szabályozásának
követése
6
környezetkímélő
közlekedési
rendszer
megteremtése
A fenntarthatósági
értékrend elemei
4*
a hiányzó
infrastruktúra
kiépítése
Átfogó
közlekedési célok
18 *
az ország védelmi
képességének
erősítése
Strategic Environmental Assessment of the
Hungarian Transport Policy 2003–2015
64
Strategic Environmental Assessment of the
Hungarian Transport Policy 2003–2015
 Few lessons:
 The objectives and goals of the transport policy are not clearly




declared, their grouping is not coherent, their appearance in the
document doesn’t follow any logic of hierarchy
Important sub-sector programs (as the one on motorways) were
adopted by the government few months before the transport
policy, so the most important decisions were already fixed.
The strategic environmental assessment proved to be a useful tool,
it was a pity that the transport policy was adopted itself before
the finishing of the assessment.
The harmony between the objectives of the policy and those of
the sustainability documents compared was at a medium level
The revision of the transport policy should be commenced
without any delay.
65
New Hungary Development Plan (2007)
National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013
Subtitle: Employment
and Growth
Access:
http://www.nfu.hu/download/1770/K%
C3%96ZOP_070712_hu.pdf
66
New Hungary Development Plan (2007)
Transport Operational Program 2007-2013
 „Priority axes” within the Chapter transport
 (1) Improving the international accessibility (rail, road) of the
country and its region-centres (external connections)
 (2) Improvement of the regional accessibility (within and between
regions: internal provision)
 (3) Development the intermodality and transport infrastructure of
economic centres, connection of transport modes (fright traffic
hubs)
 (4) development of public transport in cities and their agglomeration
(personal traffic hubs)
 It could have been the base of a good and reasonable program
 Instead (1) TEN corridors, (2) other motorways and pavement
enforcement on the main roads, (the word ‘rail’ doesn’t occurs in this part)
 Nothing but the „space of flows”
67
Integrated Transport Development Strategy 2007
Access: (July 2007):
http://195.228.157.155/data/cms1393023/e
kfs_0907.pdf
68
Integrated Transport Development Strategy 2007
 There was a necessity to prove for the EU that there is a
strategy behind the projects appearing in the Transport
Operational Program
 The strategy was built around the already accepted projects
 Positive feature: really integrated transport survey.
– Passenger transport
– Freight transport
– Infrastructure of the transport
– Horizontal issues (here there is a chapter environment too)
 Green Paper (2007), White Paper (2008), Sub-sector Paper
69
New strategies of 2011: Széchenyi Plan
 The New Széchenyi Plan is a development strategy based on the
competence of the ministries of National Economy and National
Development. Other fields covered by other ministries are partly
or totally missing from the strategic document. (Transport belongs
to the Ministry of National Development, so it is included, but
there was relatively small harmonisation with the earlier transport
documents).
70
New strategies of 2011: Széll Kálmán Plan
 The focal priority of the Széll Kálmán Plan is the dept
decreasing, and it deals mainly with the sectors / sub-sectors
where there are possibilities (by previous judgements) for the
state to take back development sources or to get other revenues to
help the dept problem. The two touched parts of the transport
sector are the public transport and the road pricing.
The idea is institutional reorganisation and centralisation in the
public transport, and introducing electronic toll system for road
pricing. The second seems to be in harmony with the
sustainability aspects, while the public transport definitely needs
some institutional reform, but any expectation on resource
extraction from the public transport is based on misunderstanding
of the wider context of transport feedbacks and may give support
to the growth of the car traffic.
 After one and a half year the above ideas partly has been changed
or abandoned.
71
National Transport Strategy
 The National Transport Strategy has at the moment no
documentation, just a consortium that gained a tender after
two years of (tender-) preparation.
 There is a detailed timetable, when the strategy must be
ready.
72
Summary
 A transport policy collects the governmental objectives and strategies
promoting the operation and development of activities belonging to
the transport sector.
 The basic documents of the transport policy of the past decade are the
White Papers (CTP) of the European Union in 1992, 2001 (Time to
Decide) and 2011; – while in Hungary the national Transport Policy
of 1996 and 2004 – (the latter is practically overwritten by newer and
newer strategic documents).
 The documents of the EU earlier focused mainly on the overlay level
of the networks between the single countries. Copying the same
priority of the construction of the corridors in domestic transport
policies can be considered as a mistake.
 Besides given an exaggerated priority of inter-regional axes, the
Hungarian planners lead the through traffic across the conurbation of
Budapest in a single-centred structure, and built also the network of
the logistic centres on that structure.
73
TRANSPORT POLICY OF HUNGARY –
AND ITS CONTEXT
Tamás Fleischer
Institute for World Economics
Centre for Economic and Regional Studies
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/efleischer_tamas.shtml
<[email protected]>
THANKS FOR
THE ATTENTION
Central European University
13th February, 2013