Transcript Folie 1

DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
Standardization Strategy
4th International Workshop on Conformity Assessment
Painel 1
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Siglinde Kaiser
DIN e.V.
Rio de Janeiro 2008-12-08
Contents
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 DIN The German Institute of Standardization
 The Context of Standardization in Germany
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Standardization Strategies
2
Contents
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 DIN The German Institute of Standardization
 The Context of Standardization in Germany
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Standardization Strategies
3
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Registered non-profit
association
 1700 members representing
industry, the state, trade
unions, academia, consumer
organizations, environmental
agencies, the professions,
banking and insurance
 Acting as facilitator and
moderator of standards work
for the benefit of German
industry and the German
economy as a whole
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Membership of DIN
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 By size of company
Up to 100 employees
375
670
101 - 500 employees
420
More than 1.000
employees
501 - 1.000 employees
© 2008 DIN e. V.
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Membership of DIN
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 By origin
Construction Electrical industry
3%
5%
Other
10%
Chemical
industry
4%
Mechanical
engineering
27%
Services
13%
Motor
industry
5%
Mining and energy
4%
Electricity
supplies
4%
Rubber and
synthetic
materials
4%
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Medical,
measurement and
control technology;
optics
6%
Metal
15%
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Short History of ….
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
"Standardization is a difficult matter.
Stakeholders very often do not fight for technical
reasons, but more often for economic ones."
Waldemar Hellmich, 1917
(first chair of the German standards body
for General Mechanical Engineering)
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 1917
 Founded as not-for-profit association to develop
standards for the German industry
 1918
 First German standard being published
 1920

sign registered as mark
 1951
 DIN member of ISO
 1975
 Contract between DIN and
German government
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The Framework of Standardization in Germany
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 Based on an agreement with the Federal Republic of
Germany, DIN has been the responsible German
standards body in European and international standards
work since 1975
International
Regional
Sectors




Engineering
Construction
Services
Information
technology
 Aerospace
 Medical
technology
 Precision
engineering …
 Electrotechnology
 Telecommunications
© 2008 DIN e. V.
German Institute for
Standardization
National
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Financing of DIN
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
Public funding linked to projects
Funding by industry
linked to projects
16%
24%
8%
52%
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Income from publishing and
other business activities
Membership fees
Figures as of 2007
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Structure of DIN
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
General Assembly
Presidial committees
Finance
committee
Staudt
Standards
inspection office
FOCUS -ICT
Prof . Dr. Steusloff
German conformity
assessment council
Dr . Bahke
Presidial Board
N. Zimmermann
Consumer
council
Presidial committees
Prof
Dr.. Maier
Maier
Prof.. Dr
President
1st Vice President
2nd Vice President
Director
Harting
Kempkes
Prof. Dr. Hennecke
Dr. Bahke
Special committee for
research , innovation and
development
Election
committee
Prof . Dr. Steusloff
Management Board
Standardization
Gaub
Director of DIN
Dr. Bahke
Commercial
Welina
International
cooperation
Ziethen
Innovation and
standardization
Marquardt
Technical coordination
standardization
Fr. Dr. Bohnsack
Management
central functions
Swierczyna
IT-Management
Dr. Strauß
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Deputy Director of DIN
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Standardization as Joint Responsibility
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 Democratic legitimacy of standardization relies on the
involvement of all stakeholders
Industry
Commerce
Consumers
SME
Standardization
Experts
Businesses
Test institutes
Trades
The State
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Research
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DIN is a Facilitator in the Standardization Process
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 DIN as recognized NSB
 acts as a project manager in standards work
 acts as a service provider for its customers
 runs the secretariats in international committees
 ensures that technical rules are uniform and
consistent
 involves all stakeholders, regardless of their
economic strength or foreign language skills
 nationally adopts international and all European
standards
 avoids duplication in standards work
 takes an active role in consensus-building
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Organisation of Standards Work at DIN
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 Active in
 Commissions acting as Advisory Boards
to the Director
 Standards Committees
25.924
4
74
 Organized in
 Working committees
3.219
 Resulting in
 Annual meetings in 2007
 DIN Standards published in 2007
 Draft DIN Standards published in 2007
4.191
2.442
4.540
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Work done by
 External experts
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Delegation and Expertise at CEN and ISO Levels
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 Secretariats held by DIN
 European TC level
84 (of 275)
 European SC level
28 (of 85)
 European WG level
353 (of 1418)
 Secretariats held by DIN
 ISO TC level
34 (of 201)
 ISO SC level
99 (of 542)
 ISO WG level
378 (of 2287)
 Delegates presenting national perspectives and acting as
mandated by the national mirror committee
 Experts enhancing the knowledge of a working group
with their respective expertise
Mirror
committee
Expert
DIN Structure
CEN / ISO Technical
Committees
Working
Group
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Delegate
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Cooperation of DIN in 2008
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
Montenegro
Ukraine
GUS
China
Bilateral cooperation
Technical cooperation projects
Serbia
Albania
Korea
Morocco
Azerbaijan
Gabon
Egypt
SADC
Lebanon
India
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Japan
Brazil
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International Cooperation - Examples
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 Bilateral agreement of cooperation between
DIN and ABNT
 Focus on standardization, conformity assessment,
information management
 Specific interests in joint initiatives in the area of
bio fuels
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 DIN associate member of COPANT
 Networking
 Opening of new markets for German economy
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Contents
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 DIN The German Institute of Standardization
 The Context of Standardization in Germany
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Standardization Strategies
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German Economy Depending Strongly on Export
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Old Europe… trade barriers everywhere in European
economy…
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New Europe: The European Single Market
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
CEN/CENELEC Affiliates
CEN/CENELEC Full Members (30)
as of March 2008
Map: www.data2map.de
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Based on the New Approach concept
 EU Council resolution to technical harmonization and
standardization May 7, 1985
 Result:
 Free trade throughout the European
Economic Area with a total population
of more than 480 million
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The New Approach: The Concept
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 Directives:
 European Directives set out basic requirements for
specific sectors
 Standards:
 European Standards give substance to these basic
requirements and provide technical solutions
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Conformity:
 Implementation of European Standards implies
conformity with European Directives.
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Fundamental Changes in Standardization
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 1984: 80 % of published standards were national in
origin
 2007: more than 80 % of published standards
are European or international in origin
Total number of
European standards
18.000
Before 1985
2007
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Total number of
national standards
across Europe
Total number of
national standards
150.000
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European Standardization
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Ensuring free trade and an effective European Single
Market
 Helping to protect consumer and environment interests
 Developing harmonized standards under mandates of
the EC
 Relying on a standstill policy among members:
 During work on a European Standard, and after its
publication, CEN/CENELEC members agree not to
publish national standards which are not in line with it
 This policy aims to prevent any situation occurring
during preparation or after publication of a standard
which could impair or undermine harmonization
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The New Approach and Mandated Standards
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 No special designation, except for a note in the Foreword
 Include an additional informative annex, referring to the
relevant EU Directive
 Mandated standards must be announced with number
and title in the EU Official Journal
20.000
18.000
16.000
14.000
12.000
European
Standards
10.000
6.000
4.000
Of which
have been
mandated
2.000
0
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2004
© 2008 DIN e. V.
8.000
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DIN Standards by Origin (in %)
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 Today, most German standards originate at European
level
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
DIN ISO and DIN IEC
DIN Standards of German origin
© 2008 DIN e. V.
DIN EN
1990
1989
1988
1987
0
1986
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The Impact of Standardization in Germany
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 Standardization in Germany generates an economic
benefit of 16 billion Euros a year
 Standards support and facilitate technological
development and evolution
 Standards create new markets
 Economic growth is strongly influenced by standards
Standards 27,3 %
Capital 48,5 %
Patents 3,0 %
Labor 6,0 %
Reference: DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (2000), Gesamtwirtschaftlicher Nutzen der Normung
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Licenses 15,2 %
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The German High-Tech Strategy
 Goal: Creating optimum conditions for future innovations
and promoting their marketability
 Research and innovation to be more closely interlinked
with standardization
 Cross-departmental implementation of the Strategy so as
to lead Germany to the top of the world’s most important
markets of the future
 Turning Germany into the world’s most research-active
nation by 2020
 Opening up new markets, developing existing markets
into lead markets
 Standardization anchored in the political agenda of the
Federal Government and forming part of the coalition
agreement of the current government
© 2008 DIN e. V.
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
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The German Standardization Strategy
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 4: Standardization and standards bodies promote
technological convergence
 5: Standards bodies provide efficient procedures
and tools
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Goals
 1: Standardization secures Germany‘s position as a
leading industrial nation
 2: Standardization as a strategic instrument supports
a successful society and economy
 3: Standardization as an instrument of deregulation
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Contents
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 DIN The German Institute of Standardization
 The Context of Standardization in Germany
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Standardization Strategies
28
Potentials of Standardization
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Standardization is a strategic instrument of competition
 Standards strengthen competitiveness
 Standards create new markets
 Standards contribute to deregulation
 Standards takes loads off government and economy
 Standards contribute to vitalization of markets for
innovative products
 Standards support and drive technological
developments
 Flexible standardization processes support areas with
high innovation potential
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Potentials of Standardization
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 Companies participating in standardization realize cost
and competitive advantages
 25% of companies(1) have participated in
standardization to prevent government regulation
 36% of these realized large to very large cost savings
 Influence on the contents of a standard
© 2008 DIN e. V.
 Synergy effects and formation of strategic alliances
(1) Survey realized in 2000
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Standardization Strategies
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
In-house
Development
Patent
Company
Standard
Strategic
Alliance
Industry
Standard
Consortium
Standards
Formal Standards
Approach
PAS
Formal Standard
(ISO, EN, …)
Private
Property
Private
Property
Public
Property
one supplier
closed technology
monopoly
several suppliers
closed technology
oligopoly
many suppliers
open, transparent technology
competition on basis of quality,
price, function
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Business Strategy
Patents, company standards, standards
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Standardization Strategies
 Set a standard using position on the market
 Chances: capture the market !
 Examples: Keyboards (QWERTZ and QWERTY),
“Microsoft is a Standard”
 Risks: financial capacity
 Set a standard through combined industry effort
 Chances: Market Leadership or large shares of the
market
 Examples: Quality Labels (RAL)
 Risks: Competition of different consortia, raise of
costs for transaction and for participation in several
consortia
 Set a standard using a formal standardization approach
 Chances: sustainable result, worldwide availability,
transparency of systems, safe investment
 Examples: ISO 9000
 Risks: competition in quality, costs, services; costs for
participation, long process of negotiation
© 2008 DIN e. V.
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
32
Criteria for Forms and Timing of Standardization
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
100%
Degree of consensus
Formal Standard
(public access, developed with a formal
standards organization)
Specification
(public access, developed with a formal
standards organization)
Industry standard
(circle of companies with restricted access)
Innovation
new product
new
process
Development
Process
Time
Readiness for market
Investment
protection
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Company standard, patent
(individual company)
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Evaluation and Assessment of Potential
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
Definition of area / sector
Need of standardization
Assessment of context
Assessment of area / sector
Analysis of existing standards
Assessment of specific
standardization potential
Subject of Standard
Type of Standard
Level of standardization
Participants
© 2008 DIN e. V.
Scope of Standard
Definition of goals, intention,
purpose, objective
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DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 Third-class businesses make products;
 Second-class businesses develop technologies;
 First-class businesses set standards.
© 2008 DIN e. V.
(Chinese proverb)
35
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
 Obrigada pela atenção
Siglinde Kaiser
Dipl.-Ing.
E-Mail [email protected]
Telefon: +49 (30) 2601-2047
Telefax: +49 (30) 2601-1738
© 2008 DIN e. V.
R&D Phase Standardization
International Consultation
Services
DIN Deutsches Institut
für Normung e. V.
Burggrafenstr. 6
10787 Berlin
Mailing address:
10772 Berlin
http://www.ebn.din.de
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