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©2005 by Project COACH, UC Irvine
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Do you know where accents go in Spanish?
Well, you could memorize them word by word,
but that could be a bit intimidating...
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Or you could try the sprinkle approach, but
that’s not too reliable either...
biblioteca
escribiendome
arbol
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´ facil
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limpiaparabrisas
examenes
Nope…too many errors!!
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Accents are easy! You only have to learn a few rules.
Step 1: Count syllables
aeo iu
First, Spanish has STRONG vowels and WEAK vowels.
Strong Vowels
Weak Vowels
Did you notice? Strong vowels (a, e, o) are short and
round. They can support a lot of weight! Weak vowels
(i, u) are tall and thin. You can knock them right over!!
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Count syllables by counting vowels.
Use the following formula:
1. Each strong vowel forms 1 syllable.
2. A weak vowel alone forms 1 syllable.
ta re a
fru ta
ci ne
3. 2 or even 3 weak vowels together form 1 syllable
ciu dad
4. Any combination of weak/strong or strong/weak
forms 1 syllable
bai le cie lo cuar to
5. A weak vowel with an accent is considered a strong
vowel. Think of it as a crutch! With a little help, it
can stand alone.
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Count the syllables in each of the following words:
despejado
4
dinastía
4
campaña
3
lluvia
2
terciopelo
4
cuerpo
2
horario
3
trineo
3
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Step 2: Divide the words into syllables
In Spanish, a syllable usually ends with a vowel, like
this:
li bro or so bri no
Exceptions!
1. Don’t split ch, ll, or rr. They’re separate letters in
Spanish.
2. Do not divide any consonant next to l or r, unless it’s
an s.
con ti nú e
de mo cra cia
ver sión
em ple a do
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Now let’s divide the same words into syllables:
despejado
des pe ja do = 4
dinastía
di na stí a = 4
campaña
cam pa ña = 3
lluvia
llu via = 2
terciopelo
ter cio pe lo = 4
cuerpo
cuer po = 2
horario
ho ra rio = 3
trineo
tri ne o = 3
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Step 3: Learn the stress rules.
Now that the syllables are divided, see
where the stress should go when the word
is pronounced.
a) A word ending in a, e, i, o, u, n or s
should be stressed on the next-to-the-last
syllable (called penultimate - penúltimo en
español)
her ma na
ca mi no
bai le
ha blan
ca si
ma ris cos
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b) A word ending in any other
consonant should be stressed on the
last syllable.
co ci nar
ca pi tal
ver dad
re loj
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For each of these divided words, choose the syllable that
should be stressed when it is pronounced: ignore the
pronunciation - just say what should be stressed!
cli ni ca
sien te se
mon ton
ho rri ble
di fi cil
in te res
ul ti mo
ki lo me tro
a zu car
ca pa ci dad
gra cias
la pi ces
me lo dia
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Step 4: Learn what accents can do.
Accents serve several different purposes!
a) They move the stress from where it should be based
on the stress rules to where it actually is when
pronounced.
a zu
´ car
ul
´ ti mo
in te res
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b) They turn a weak vowel into a strong vowel so
that it can form a separate syllable.
dia
dí a
ac tuan
ac tú an
c) They distinguish certain words from others.
Si = if
sí = yes
de = of/from
dé = give!
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d) They make a word interrogative.
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F.
Acentos diacríticos
La última excepción a las reglas generales la constituye un grupo
cerrado de palabras que llevan o no acento según su función gramatical.
Notar que en todos los casos lleva acento la forma que con más
frecuencia aparece en posición tónica.
Ejemplos :
El Lleva acento cuando es
pronombre personal (subject pronouns) y no lo lleva cuando es artículo.
Él vino luego (= llegó más tarde.)
El vino luego (= lo tomaremos luego.)
Tu Lleva acento cuando es
pronombre personal (Subject pronouns) y no lo lleva cuando es adjetivo
posesivo.
¿Qué dices?, ¿tú hijo mío? (= ¿soy tu padre?)
¿Qué dices?, ¿tu hijo mío? (= ¿soy el padre?)
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Ahora sabes...
dónde poner los
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