Transcript Building Momentum - AFC Energy - Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology

Title
Building Momentum
1
We will cover...
Title
• Fuel Cells
• Why Alkaline Fuel Cells?
• Markets and Applications
• Manufacturing
• Independent Review
• Intellectual Property
• Road to Commercialisation
2
What is a Fuel Cell?
Title
… it’s a bit like a battery that works continuously generating
electricity without combustion…
ELECTRICITY
HYDROGEN
HEAT
AIR
WATER
Schematic of the original fuel cell
3
Fuel Cell Technologies
Title
Fuel Cell type
Alkaline
Molten Carbonate
There are many
chemistries that can
generate electricity...
Solid Oxide
...all involve reacting hydrogen
with oxygen to form water,
electricity and heat in the
presence of a catalyst
PEM
(Proton Exchange Membrane)
Direct Methanol
Phosphoric Acid
4
Fuel Cell Technologies
Title
Type
Operating
Temp
Alkaline
Industrially pure water is
a product of the reaction,
so an operating
temperature above 100oC
generates steam...
o
70 C
600 - 700oC
Molten Carbonate
600 - 1000oC
...which requires
additional product safety
engineering and increases
manufacturing costs
Solid Oxide
50-100oC
PEM
Direct Methanol
60 - 90oC
Phosphoric Acid
150 - 200oC
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Fuel Cell Technologies
Title
Type
Operating
Temp
Electrical Efficiency
Alkaline
70oC
55 – 60%
Molten Carbonate
600 - 700oC
45 - 47%
Solid Oxide
600 - 1000oC
35 – 43%
PEM
50-100oC
25 - 35%
53 – 58%
Direct Methanol
60 - 90oC
30 – 35%
Phosphoric Acid
150 - 200oC
40 – 50%
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Fuel cells generate
electricity directly
without combustion
or mechanical steps
such as do engines
or turbines ....
... this makes fuel
cells the most
efficient devices
for generating
electricity from
fuel
Fuel Cell Technologies
Title
Type
Operating
Temp
Electrical Efficiency
Applications
Industrial Stationary
Space
Military
Alkaline
o
70 C
55-60%
Molten Carbonate
600 - 700oC
45 - 47%
Large utility
Large distributed
generation
Solid Oxide
600 - 1000oC
Different fuel
cell types are
50-100oC
25 - 35%
suitable for different
applications... 53 – 58%
35 – 43%
Auxiliary power
Direct Methanol
60 - 90oC
30 – 35%
Portable power
Phosphoric Acid
150 - 200oC
40 – 50%
Industrial Stationary
PEM
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Back up power
Transportation
Fuel Cell Technologies
Title
Type
Operating
Temp
o
Electrical Efficiency
Alkaline
70 C
55 – 60%
Molten Carbonate
600 - 700oC
45 - 47%
Solid Oxide
600 - 1000oC
PEM
Applications
Industrial Stationary
Space
Military
Large utility
Large distributed
generation
35 – 43%
power
Of all the fuel cell
types AlkalineAuxiliary
is
the most efficient and does not have
o
50-100
C
25for
- 35%
Back up power
to
be engineered
higher pressures
that result from53steam
– 58%
Transportation
Direct Methanol
60 - 90oC
30 – 35%
Portable power
Phosphoric Acid
150 - 200oC
40 – 50%
Industrial Stationary
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Fuel Cell Technologies
Title
Fuel Cell type
Alkaline
Alkaline fuel cells are
a proven technology...
Molten Carbonate
Solid Oxide
PEM
Direct Methanol
Phosphoric Acid
...used in manned
US and Russian
space missions
and in submarines
to provide power
and drinking
water
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Historically...
Title
...historically alkaline fuel
cells have also been
demonstrated in a wide
variety of applications...
... but were unable to
compete against low
fossil fuel costs
because...
10
Fuel Cell Technologies
Title
Type
Operating
Temp
Alkaline
Traditional
platinum
70oC
Molten Carbonate
600 - 700oC
Electrical Efficiency
Applications
...Platinum catalysts added
significant
60% cost and alsoSpace
required pure oxygen asMilitary
well as hydrogen... which is
45 - 47% rocket fuel
Large utility
essentially
Large distributed
generation
Solid Oxide
600 - 1000oC
35 – 43%
Auxiliary power
PEM
50-100oC
25 - 35%
Back up power
53 – 58%
Transportation
Direct Methanol
60 - 90oC
30 – 35%
Portable power
Phosphoric Acid
150 - 200oC
40 – 50%
Industrial Stationary
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Fuel Cell Technologies
Title
Type
Alkaline
AFC Energy
non-platinum
Operating
Temp
Electrical Efficiency
o
Applications
Industrial stationary
Distributed energy
70 C
55 – 60%
70oC
60%
Space
Military
Molten Carbonate
600 - 700oC
45 - 47%
Solid Oxide
600 - 1000oC
Large utility
Large distributed
... This opens
up the market
generation
for large-scale
industrial
35 – 43%
Auxiliary
power
power
generation....
Alkaline
Traditional
platinum
...AFC Energy has re-engineered the
proven alkaline
technology
removing cost.25 - 35%
PEM
50-100oC
Platinum has been replaced with ceramic
based catalysts at less than 5% of the cost53 – 58%
of platinum...
Direct Methanol
60 - 90oC
30 – 35%
...and
oxygen
Phosphoric
Acidis taken
150 -from
200oCair...
40 – 50%
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Back up power
Transportation
Portable power
Industrial Stationary
Low risk business model
Title
... Our first market is the surplus hydrogen
generated from the production of chlorine
and caustic soda. Our first customer is
Akzo Nobel.
... Our proto-type system was
tested in the field and led to...
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... the Beta System: Modular Power
Title
Cartridge docking
Electronics/
Fluid controls
Fuel cell
stack in
cartridge
Alkaline
electrolyte tank
Cartridge assembly
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Beta System Design
Title
... the Beta System is designed for low
lifetime cost of ownership
It is easily mass produced, assembled
and installed.
It operates continuously and is
controlled remotely, hot swapping”
means the Beta System does not
have to be shut down even when
electrode cartridges are changed.
It is modular and designed for heat
recovery
...the result is a low cost per MWeh
over the lifetime of the installation
CHP = Combined Heat and Power
MWeh = Megawatt hours of Electricity
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Beta System: Fuel Cell Development
Title
At the end of their useful life
cartridges are removed and
disassembled. Electrodes are
cleaned and reused…
... a refurbished cartridge is
only a third of the cost of a
new cartridge of the same
power.
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Beta System:
Title
...Designed for easy
containerising or
skid mounting...
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Multi-megawatt Power Plant (6MW)
Title
...Designed for
large-scale
installations...
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Title
Markets
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Markets
Title
...essentially AFC Energy’s alkaline fuel cell
generates electrical power from hydrogen
fuel at the lowest unit cost...
...the economics of any
particular application depend
upon the cost of the fuel and
the value of the outputs,
principally the electricity....
....for this reason AFC Energy is focussed directly on the chlor-alkali
market where waste hydrogen is readily available and the electricity is
required on site ... Other sources of hydrogen usually require an
intermediate step... Several countries such as Korea, USA and
Germany offer financial incentives for electricity produced from fuel
cells, making them more attractive.
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Markets: Sources of Hydrogen
Title
Feedstock
Waste H2
Gas
Ammonia
Natural
Gas
Solid
Municipal
Waste
Power
H2
Cracking
Methane
Reforming
Biogas
Coal
Utilised Output
Fuel Processing
H2 + N2
H2 Purification
Heat
AFC
Mainly H2+CO2
Water Gas Shift
Underground
Coal Gasification
Clean Syngas
Syngas Clean
Raw Syngas
(Mainly
H2+CO)
Plasma
Gasification
Installations successfully trialled by AFC Energy
Installations currently planned by AFC Energy
Low Oxygen
Air
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Water
Chlor-alkali: AkzoNobel
Title
...two commercial systems were
installed at AkzoNobel’s Bitterfeld
plant in Germany, Q4 2011...
...an agreement is in place for
further supply...
AFC Energy works closely with
AkzoNobel to demonstrate the
commercial fuel cell system
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Chlor-alkali Market
Title
... Our primary market is Chlor-alkali,
where hydrogen availability is
plentiful...
...it consumes 1% of the world’s
electricity…
…and produces 1.65 million tonnes of
hydrogen a year as a by-product...
…Globally this industry can support
more than 3000 MWe
of generating capacity
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Waste to Energy Market
Title
•
Ordinary household waste can be converted
into hydrogen.
•
UK generates 60 million tonnes of carbonbased waste every year… equivalent of
15,000 MW of electricity.
•
Fuel cell increases output efficiency of Waste
to Energy plants by c.40%.
•
AFC Energy is accessing this market through
Waste2Tricity Limited (W2T)
•
W2T is gaining commercial traction and
positioning WtE facilities so that they are fuel
cell ready...
WtE = Waste to Energy
AFC Energy owns 25% of Waste2Tricity Limited
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Waste to Energy Market: Tees Valley
Title
...with planning permission now in place
Air Products' Tees Valley Renewable
Energy Facility will generate 49MW of
renewable power. In the longer-term, Air
Products' plant has the potential to
produce renewable hydrogen and is being
considered for a demonstration of AFC
Energy’s fuel cell technology. This would
involve alkaline fuel cells generating
power, alongside more conventional
CCGT, using hydrogen separated from
the syngas stream.
CCGT = Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
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Market: Clean Coal
Title
…coal gasification enables CCS
whilst producing hydrogen…
…alkaline fuel cells increase
power generation efficiency
from 30% to c. 50%...
…AFC Energy has partnered with
Linc Energy...
…gasification underground
using Linc Energy’s technology
largely eliminates the
ecological impact of coal…
CCS = Carbon Capture and Storage
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Steel Making
Title
Coke Oven Gas released from coal during the
coking process is c. 55% hydrogen which can
be separated for use in fuel cells.
It is also possible to generate hydrogen using
o
the hot (1500 C) slag to break water
molecules apart.
Companies including Nippon Steel, POSCO
and Tata Steel are actively working on
hydrogen generation projects.
...AFC Energy is in
discussions with
potential partners
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Other Applications
Title
There are a range of other potential
applications, including:
• distributed energy from reformed natural gas
or biogas
• in association with intermittent renewables
where electrolysers generate hydrogen from
surplus power
•UPS for applications such as telecoms and
data centres
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Title
Q. How will AFC scale up production?
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Manufacturing
Title
• AFC Energy is Investing in automated
production and assembly.
• Lower Cost production
• Develop production team
• Drive cost reduction and quality
• Volume Ramp
• Using standard industrial technologies
• High volumes
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Factors affecting stack costs
Title
•Longevity
£1.0
•Power Density
£0.9
Anticipated Beta system cost
profile
£0.8
•BoM saving
£0.7
£0.6
•Manufacturing economies £0.5
£0.4
of scale
£0.3
•Automated Production
£0.2
£0.1
•Value engineering
£0.0
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Applications like FC vehicles and replacements for domestic boilers,
which need 100,000’s units to achieve target costs... AFC Energy needs
just two customers!
BoM = Bill of Materials
FC = Fuel Cell
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Title
Q. How do investors know what technical progress is being made?
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CPI Independent Review - highlights
Title
... unlike any other company developing fuel cells
AFC Energy’s technical and manufacturing progress is
regularly reviewed by an independent assessor and a
summary of the review is published.
... The Centre for Process Innovation has been
carrying out the review and is given unrestricted
access to AFC Energy’s work and people.
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Title
Q. What protection does AFC Energy have for its Alkaline fuel cells?
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Intellectual Property (IP)
Title
...AFC Energy is the first in its field
to re-engineer alkaline fuel cells
using modern materials, process,
modelling and manufacture.
... there had been little
patenting of anything to do
with alkaline fuel cells since
the 1960’s...
...present IP portfolio includes 12 families of
patents... to ‘ring-fence’ unique aspects of AFC’s
technology. More patent applications in the
pipeline......
35
Road to commercialisation
Title
Commercial System Sales
ESCo installations
Commercial Demonstration & Early Adopter
Licence fees/royalties
Grant Funded projects
Q1/2012...
ESCo = Energy Supply Company
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Experienced Board
Title
Tim Yeo - chairman
David Marson - FD
CSO = Chief Strategic Officer
CTO = Chief Technical Officer
Ian Williamson - CEO
Mitchell Field - NED
Ian Balchin – CSO
David Smith – NED
Linc Energy
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Dr Gene Lewis - CTO
Sir John Sunderland - NED
Summary
Title
•AFC Energy is re-engineering proven fuel cell
technology to compete with conventional
power generation
• First contracts, licences and grants secured
• First market, waste hydrogen from the
chlorine industry
•Second market waste to energy – where alkaline fuel cell systems are being
designed into WtE power stations
• Capable of rapid scale up with automated assembly
• progress is independently monitored and published
• Intellectual property secured
• ESCo is the preferred route to market - selling electricity not plant.
AFC Energy’s alkaline fuel cell systems will enable a transformation to a
hydrogen economy
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Title
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