Transcript Media 2.0 - Center for Systems Integration (CSI) | A site

Media 2.0
A Study of how web 2.0 and hardware technology advancements
have influenced today’s media.
Hedley Pierre
Juan Gaviria
Vanessa Romero
A quick look at Media 1.0
 We will define Media 1.0 as media before the Media 2.0 revolution.
 This will include Web 1.0
Media 1.0
 Throughout the second half of the twentieth century media 1.0 has been present,
barely reflecting the wants of the private consumer.
 The shallowness and greediness of consumer culture appalled many people
concerned with blind Capitalism.
 Force feeding large amounts of advertisements and subliminal messages to
shape the choices of an unsuspecting public.
 Trends are dictated.
Media Reflects the times
Web 1.0
 Users are busy searching through limited content.
 Content dictated for the user by the webmaster.
 All about company advertisement.
Technologies that contributed to Media 2.0
 Mobile Phones
 High Speed Internet
 New Software Development
Mobile Phones
 In 1990 mobile phone users number 11 million. In 2004 the figure was 1 billion.
 Phones are most obvious sign of the success of wireless technology. Handsets
have gotten smaller, lighter, yet more powerful.
 Service prices are dropping.
 Service quality is always being improved .
 The applications have expanded from voice application to Internet applications.
Cellular Network Evolution
High Speed Internet
 Faster communication speeds between computers allow for more content to be
shared even faster.
 News, videos and pictures can be shared instantly.
BroadBand Vs Dial-up Adoption
New Software Development
 Netscape
o JavaScript
o Secure sockets Layer Protocol (SSL)
o Mozilla Organization
 Netscape was the first company to attempt to capitalize on the nascent World
Wide Web
 Netscape advertised that "the web is for everyone" and stated one of its goals
was to "level the playing field" among operating systems by providing a
consistent web browsing experience across them.
Media 2.0 Revolution
 No longer is content dictated.
 Now comes the savior in the form of Web 2.0.
 In a way Stealing fire from the gods.
Four fundamental ways that people’s media
habits have changed:
Choice
Conversation
Creation
Collaboration
Web 2.0
 Web 2.0 describes web sites
that use technology beyond
the static pages of earlier web
sites.
 Examples of Web 2.0 include
social networking sites, blogs,
wikis, folksonomies, video
sharing sites, hosted services,
web applications, and
mashups.
Technologies
 client-side (web browser) technologies
used in Web 2.0 development include
Ajax and JavaScript frameworks such
as Yui Library, Dojo Toolkit, MooTools,
jQuery, Extjs and Prototype JavaScript
framework.
Web 2.0
 The Web 2.0 application is a rapidly
growing technology that promises to help
various businesses operate more
efficiently and generate more profits.
 It encompasses applications such as RSS,
blogs, tags, wikis, social bookmarking,
interactive encyclopedias and
dictionaries, and advanced gaming.
 More and more people have started to
realize how it enhances interaction in
various websites and how it has made
online activities a lot more enjoyable and
easier.
Media and Web 2.0
Web 2.0 tries to tap the power of humans connected
electronically through its new ways at looking at social
collaboration. This is one of the commonalities between
social networks and Web 2.0 -both have people as their
fulcrum.
Social Media
 The main agenda of Web 2.0 is to
connect people in numerous new ways
and utilize their collective strengths. In this
regard, many new concepts have been
created such as: Techniques(Blogging,
Social Networking, Communities,
Mashups, and Tagging), Standards
(XHTML, CSS,and REST) and Tools (RSS,
AJAX, DOJO, PHP and Ruby). The power
of Web 2.0 is the creationof new
relationships between collaborators and
information.
Social media
OCIAL MEDIA
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFZ0z5Fm-Ng
The power of web 2.0 and social media:
Web 2.0 media applications
 Chicago Every block: a crime
reporting tool.
 The medical community: benefiting
from the sharing of information.
 Waze.
 Photosynth.
Citizen media
 Citizen media is a term coined
by Clemencia Rodriguez, who
defined this concept as 'the
transformative processes they
bring about within participants
and their communities’.
Benefits of citizen media
 citizen journalists are
complementing mainstream
media by providing speedier
reports and information from a
range of sources that allow
mainstream media reports to
be better balanced and
factually more accurate.
Benefits of freely sharing information
 Wikileaks is empowering the common
citizen by placing classified reports in
his/her hands and urging them to think
before they lend direct and
unfaltering support to any leaders.
 This also results in increased
accountability of the global leaders.
 Also, there is an increased fear in the
government and a sense of increased
security among anonymous reporters
and journalists.
Media 2.0 – Negatives
 Privacy, Security and Safety - Too much transparency creates vulnerabilities
 Disconnect - Generational and social divide
 Misinformation - Information distribution without checks
Media 2.0 – Negatives
 Privacy, Security and Safety
 Individuals
 Public affairs for Business and government
 Hackers and Impersonators
Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety
 How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?
 Individual
 The sociologist Erving Goffman observed that people have "front-stage" and
"backstage" presentations of themselves -- the former a polished form intended for
public consumption, the latter raw and unedited. "I think there's more and more of
the backstage leaking into day-to-day conversation," says Ron Bishop, a pop
culture professor at Drexel University. 1
 Without proper Social Media etiquette, users can expose more of themselves to
unintended audiences. The ramifications can be catastrophic.
 Social Media use without a level of common sense and awareness of the tool
being used can risk personal safety.
1 http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/06/tech/social-media/misinformation-social-media/index.html
2 https://lauraleewalker.wordpress.com/tag/albuquerque-police-department/
Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety
 How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?
 Individual Privacy
 In Albuquerque, N.M., a police officer was demoted for listing his occupation as “human waste disposal” on his
Facebook page. 1
 In one 2009 case, charges against a man accused of illegal gun possession were dropped after it was
discovered that the arresting officer had listed his mood as “devious” on his MySpace page and said he was
“watching ‘Training Day’ to brush up on proper police procedure. 1
 Three junior Congressional staffers were caught on Twitter posting about drinking on the job and insulting their
boss. Although the staffers were tweeting from personal accounts, their identities were eventually discovered
and they were fired. 1
 Patterson, N.J., schoolteacher was suspended after describing herself as a “warden for future criminals.”
Another New Jersey schoolteacher recently came under investigation for making anti-gay remarks on her
Facebook page. 1
 On April 9th, 2010, four staff members at St. Mary Medical Center in Long Beach, California took photos of a
60-year-old, nearly-decapitated stabbing victim and posted them on Facebook. He died shortly after the
photo was taken. This incident was a gross violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA), which protects patients’ privacy. 2
1 http://blog.ohmygov.com/blogs/general_news/archive/2012/07/25/7-reasons-every-government-agency-needs-a-social-media-policy.aspx
2 https://lauraleewalker.wordpress.com/tag/albuquerque-police-department/
Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety
 How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?
 Individual Security and Safety risked. Examples from the recent incidents reported in the news.
Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety
 How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?
 Public affairs for Business and government.
 Old Model – Controlled dissemination of information
 Today - Every organization now has unofficial communicators in their employees
“who are not trained or closely controlled” and who have twitter, Facebook and
LinkedIn accounts.
 Today – Promotion hashtags in Media 2.0 websites can be a double edge sword.
Unhappy Social Media users can misappropriate or hijack the hashtag and us it to
incur bad publicity or drive their own agenda.
 Today – Public Image is tied to your Facebook and twitter posts. A storm of criticism
can be easily created from misinterpreted posts or promotions.
 Media 2.0 enables persistent memory. Nothing ever seems to go away.
http://blog.ohmygov.com/blogs/general_news/archive/2012/07/25/7-reasons-every-government-agency-needs-a-social-media-policy.aspx
Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety
 How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?
 Examples of how Media 2.0 has affected public affairs for Business and government.
 In November of 2011, a Kansas high school student named Emma Sullivan tweeted some unkind things about Governor
Sam Brownback. Brownback’s staff hastily and clumsily responded to Sullivan, and before they knew it, the politician
found himself in the middle of a full-blown public relations nightmare. 1
 CelebBoutique, an online store, posted a promotional tweet with the Aurora hashtag to take advantage of a trending
topic. Unfortunately, the company's PR apparently did not take the time to read up on why Aurora was trending, so the
tweet came off as incredibly insensitive.2
 American Apparel offered 20% off for those in states affected by Hurricane Sandy, in case they were "bored" by the
storm. Customers quickly took to Twitter and other social networks to criticize the ad. 2
 As the storm made its way up the East Coast, The Gap seemed to encourage those hunkering down for the storm to do
some online shopping. The company eventually took down the tweet and offered a semi-apology. 2
 Macy's was pressured to drop spokesman Donald Trump after Trump's publicity stunt, in which he offered to donate $5
million in exchange for President Obama's college records and passport application. More than half a million people
signed an online petition asking Macy's to sever its relationship with Trump, and the retailer's Facebook and Twitter pages
were bombarded with anti-Trump comments. 2
1 http://blog.ohmygov.com/blogs/general_news/archive/2012/07/25/7-reasons-every-government-agency-needs-a-social-media-policy.aspx
2 http://mashable.com/2012/11/25/social-media-business-disasters-2012/#gallery/biggest-social-media-disasters-of-2012/521295e95198406611001875
Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety
 While Wikileaks and other Media 2.0 mediums have provided more government
transparency, they have also brought on disruption of security and have risked lives.
A 2011 report by the Congressional Research Service said that terrorist groups have been
known to use social media networks to plot attacks. “Social media could be used as a tool
for such purposes by issuing calls for assistance to an area, or notifying officials of a false
hazard or threat that requires a response,” the report stated.
http://blog.ohmygov.com/blogs/general_news/archive/2012/07/25/7-reasons-every-government-agency-needs-a-social-media-policy.aspx
Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety
 How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?
 Hackers and impersonators
 In 2012 Facebook released statistics showing that
there are more than 83 million fake accounts on
its social network. 1
 According to WebProNews “Over 27% of the Top
10 Twitter Accounts’ Followers Are Fake”
 Barracuda Labs [a multi-disciplinary research and
threat analysis team] found 20 eBay sellers and 58
websites devoted to the selling of fake Twitter
followers. 2
 The average “Abuser” has 48,885 followers. 2
 The average fake account follows 1,799 people. 2
1 http://blog.ohmygov.com/blogs/general_news/archive/2012/07/25/7-reasons-every-government-agency-needs-a-social-media-policy.aspx
2 http://www.webpronews.com/you-can-buy-1000-fake-followers-for-18-and-thats-a-huge-problem-for-twitter-2012-08
Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety
 How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?
 Hackers and impersonators
 Methods: Phishing, Malware, Vulnerability Exploits on Media 2.0 websites
and apps.
 What can they do?
 Ruin your reputation
 Use your PII to hack your bank
account.
 Get access to other more private
or secrete documents
 Is that all?
 Acquire more friends to increate
their reputation through your
account
 Acquire access to more accounts
 They can overwhelm Organizations such as businesses and government
driving their own agendas with floods of fake demands or appeals
http://socialmediatoday.com/mrisher/1227536/asocial-network-how-hackers-use-social-networks-destroy-your-online-life
Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety
 How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?
 Hackers and impersonators
Media 2.0 – Negatives
 Disconnect
 Society’s Generational and social divide
 Closely tied in to the digital divide.
 Media 2.0 has psychological effects.
 Self – promotion: Hyper lives in Social Media feed narcissism
 Communication breakdown
 Effects in education and learning
 What is the connection between Social Networks and Being Lonely? 1
1http://journal.digitaltheatre.com/content/innovation-loneliness
Media 2.0 – Negatives
 Disconnect – Generational Divide
 The generational divide indicates a social
network divide
 "The more people use [Social Media] for
socializing and for their professional life, the more
costly it becomes for others (who aren't
members)” 2
 As younger generations use Media 2.0 in place
of normal paths of communication (i.e. Phone
call) and this becomes the norm, a greater
communication rift is created with older
generations that are not adopting this
technology.
 Non-adopters might miss personal and
professional opportunities.
1 http://royal.pingdom.com/2012/08/21/report-social-network-demographics-in-2012/
2 http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/new-concern-social-media-divide-6C10406195
Media 2.0 – Negatives
 Disconnect – Social Divide
 Similarly we have other groups where we can find divides on the Media 2.0
front.
 Privacy supporters do not join Social Media websites or do not participate in order to protect
their privacy. 1
 Certain Socio-Economic groups are also slow comers into this new form of communication. 2
1 http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/new-concern-social-media-divide-6C10406195
2 http://www.atwebo.com/social_media.htm#Social Media Divide
“The biggest cybersecurity agency in Europe
[European Network and Information Security
Agency (ENISA)] peeked at the future, 2014, to
predict the effects of online social media connectivity
24/7 and concluded that too much social networking
could make you paranoid and feel like you are
constantly under surveillance by Big Brother.”
Psychological
effects?
http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/too-much-social-media-networking-paranoia-big
Media 2.0 – Negatives
 Media 2.0 Nourishes a culture of Self – promotion
In “Cultural differences in social networking site use: A comparative study of China and the
United States” by Jin-Liang Wang and Linda A. Jacksona
 “In the United States, it’s all about promoting yourself and taking credit for positive
outcomes and denying blame for negative outcomes,” Jackson says. “In China, it’s the
opposite. If something bad happens, you take the blame and talk about how you can
improve. If something good happens, the credit is shared for the good of the group.”
 The researchers surveyed over 400 social networkers in each country to try and find out
how they used the sites. The study finds that US participants spent nearly twice as long on
social networking sites (nearly 52 minutes a day) compared with Chinese participants
(about 28 minutes a day). Further, nearly a fifth (19 percent) of Chinese participants said
they almost never use social networking sites, compared to just 4 percent in the United
States. 2
1 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212003299
2 http://www.adigaskell.org/blog/2013/02/08/the-social-media-cultural-divide/#sthash.67bVmlYD.dpuf
How can it affect
Learning?
Media 2.0 – Negatives
 Effects on Education and Learning
In “Advantages and Disadvantages of Sosial Networking” by Don Quick PHD
1. Being connected and search for information on Facebook, Google, and other web services
simultaneously, seize and fragment our attention. Although students can develop “scanning and
skimming” skills, they could also get used to not paying enough attention to what is important.
2. They can subvert higher-order reasoning processes, “including the kind of focus, concentration,
and persistence necessary for critical thinking and intellectual development” (Lederer, 2012).
3. Some researchers have correlated heavy Internet use with greater impulsivity, less patience, less
tenacity, and weaker critical thinking skills (Connelly, 2011).
4. Prolonged Internet use exposes students to interactive, repetitive, and addictive stimuli that
produce permanent changes in brain structure and function damaging their learning skills
(Connelly, 2011).
4. While it is true that the more one uses the Internet and social media, the better the brain can skim
and scan, research suggests that these gains degrade the capacity for concentration.
http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Advantages-And-Disadvantages-Of-Sosial-Networking/165292
What is the
connection between
Social Networks and
Being Lonely?
Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=c6Bkr_udado
http://journal.digitaltheatre.com/content/innovation-loneliness
Media 2.0 – Negatives
 Misinformation - Information distribution without checks and it’s impact
Image “borrowed”
from an Art
Installation
Misinformation spread
rampant in social media.
Who falls far it?
Media
Agencies
Individual
persons
Large
Organizations
“Banker’s Tip” reported by multiple
media entities including CNN.
1 http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/06/tech/social-media/misinformation-social-media/index.html
Reporter Myers later stated
“You know, I got that from the
National Weather Service Chat
bulletin board”
More Disruptive behavior generated by
Social Media
Misinformation
 Unsupported claims posted and reposted by users
 No Fact checking by Media Agencies
 Spread of misrepresented information seeps into our daily lives and slowly twists facts.
 Why does it matter?
Misrepresentation – cultural impact
“When Osama Bin Laden was killed in May 2011, certain rousing quotations captured the social
media sentiment and were repeated and spread widely.”1
"I mourn the loss of thousands of precious lives, but I will
not rejoice in the death of one, not even an enemy." Martin Luther King, Jr
“All men have an emotion
"I've
tonever
kill; when
wished
theyastrongly
man dead,
dislike
but
some
I
one they involuntarily wish
have
he was
readdead.
some Iobituaries
have never
with
killed
great
any
one, but I have read some
pleasure."
obituary- notices
Mark Twain
with great
satisfaction.” - Clarence Darrow
1 http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/04/it-wasnt-sunil-tripathi-the-anatomy-of-a-misinformation-disaster/275155/
Impact during Tragedies
In 2011, rescue efforts after the tsunami
disaster in Japan were hampered by
misleading and confusing tweets, according
to a report by International Journal of Web
Impact during
Tragedies
Based Communities.
“The biggest
problem
was the reliability of Twitter updates,
particularly in calls for help, that were
misplaced or lies,” the report noted.
… On Monday, social media site Reddit acknowledged its
role in helping to disseminate false information, saying,
"Some of the activity on reddit fueled online witch hunts and
dangerous speculation."
Impact during Tragedies
Reddit also said it apologized to the family of missing Brown
University student Sunil Tripathi, who was misidentified on
social media as a bombing suspect…
Missleading Health Information
Why Does it Matter?
http://mashable.com/2012/04/18/social-media-and-the-news/
Why Does it Matter?
Why Does it Matter?
Why Does it Matter?
 Information is power and can trigger positive changes.
 Misinformation and misrepresentation are confusion and can create hurdles.
 Stocks were affected by a malicious twit from a (hacked) reputable handle.
 News Media Credibility drops as they continue to report unsupported news.
 Police efforts to investigate crimes are cluttered by distractions generated by false twitter and
Facebook reports.
 Quotes, images, and erroneous postings end up seeping into our everyday lives as more and
more people share and re-share the misinformation and do not bother to check its authenticity.
 Ultimately, this information becomes part of our social interaction degrading the quality of our
culture.
Our Social Interaction based on
Misinformation
Not only did #HelpFindKara trend worldwide on
Twitter, nearly 34,000 people retweeted her call for
help to raise awareness about the incident. She also
gained about 95,000 followers by Monday morning
and the local police department received more than
6,000 calls after her tweet went viral.
What’s next for media 2.0?
 Web 3.0 (Still in development stages)
 “Semantic Web”
 Tagging
 Web 4.0 (Still in development stages)
 “Symbiotic Web”.
 Web will become a personal companion.
(Voice recognition could be perfected)