Transcript Pasture Weed Control - PowerPoint Presentation

Pasture Weed Control
Ralph E. Whitesides
Utah State University
Plants, Soils, and Climate
Is it possible to fight weeds
effectively on small acreages in
Utah?
What is a weed?
Any plant growing where you don’t want it.
Are weeds bad?
What function do weeds play in the environment?
What are weeds telling us?
Why Worry About Weeds?
 They are just plants. Right?
 Its not like you have a rampaging grizzly
in your garden. Right?
 No!
 Once weeds move in they stay.
 They multiply.
 Soon the unwanted and uninvited
guests have taken your land and won’t
give it back without a fight!
What is the first step?
 Take inventory of property
 If you try to control weeds without a
game plan there is a good chance you
won’t succeed.
4 Golden Guidelines of Weed
Control for Small Acreage
Properties
1. Know what you want to do with your
property. (Why did you buy it in the first place?)
2. Promote healthy vegetation.
3. Implement good land use practices.
4. No one weed control method works
alone.
Controlling weeds in your pasture
Weeds are best controlled through an integrated
approach using several of the following methods
• Prevention
•
Detection
•
Control
•
•
Cultural
•
Mechanical
•
Biological
•
Chemical
Restoration
Two Working rules for controlling
weeds in your pasture
“Prevention”
1. Prevent weeds in the first place
2. If you cannot do #1 everything else will be
more work, more time, and more money.
More of everything!
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How practical is Rule #1?
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How practical is Rule #1?
Where do weeds come from?
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How practical is Rule #1?
Where do weeds come from? (prevention)
1. Seed Bank in the soil
2. Irrigation Water
3. Off-site Feed – Hay
4. Bedding materials
5. Wind borne – animal borne (field bindweed seeds
can survive 144 hrs in stomach of migrating birds)
6. Seed Mixtures
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)
1. Management
2. Knowledge
3. Judgment
4. Experience
5. Work – Time – Money
6. More Work – Time – Money
7. Constant Work – Time – Money
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)
What caused us to get weeds in the first place?
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)
What caused us to get weeds in the first place?
The answer to that question will aid us in our work
to control weeds.
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)
What caused us to get weeds in the first place?
The answer to that question will aid us in our work to
control weeds.
Grazing Issues – Overgrazing, timing, wrong animals
Soil Issues – Fertility, salt, texture, etc
Water Issues – irrigation and natural precipitation, too much or
too little
Seed mixture- not suited to environment
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)
Cause: Improper grazing – treating the pasture as a
corral instead of as a pasture.
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)
What is a Corral?
What is a Pasture?
Controlling weeds in your pasture
We may want something like this?
Controlling weeds in your pasture
These may be more realistic.
Controlling weeds in your Pastures
“Detection”
What am I trying to control? Identify the weed.
Grass – Broadleaf
Annual – Perennial
Edible – Poisonous
Spreading – Non-spreading
HOW DID IT GET TO BE A WEED?
Controlling weeds in your pastures
Whatever caused the weed to become a problem or
concern in the first place must be addressed to
help you in controlling it.
Each potential solution is as individual as is the
problem and the person wanting to solve it.
Controlling weeds in your pastures
“Control”
General Guidelines:
•
Proper irrigation and soil fertility
•
Mowing to prevent from going to seed
•
Spot spraying as soon as weeds are detected
•
Monitoring the Pasture (high eyes to acre ratio)
Range and
Pasture Weed
Management
Approved Herbicides
 2,4-D / MCPA
 Milestone
 Amber
 Plateau
 Cimarron / Escort
 Redeem R&P
 Cimarron Max
 Roundup
 Clarity / Banvel
 Spike
 Crossbow
 Transline / Reclaim
 Curtail
 Telar
 Garlon / Remedy
 Tordon
 Grazon P+D
 Transline
 Journey
 Weedmaster
Approved Herbicides
 2,4-D / MCPA
 Milestone
 Amber
 Plateau
 Cimarron / Escort
 Redeem R&P
 Cimarron Max
 Roundup
 Clarity / Banvel
 Spike
 Crossbow
 Transline / Reclaim
 Curtail
 Telar
 Garlon / Remedy
 Tordon
 Grazon P+D
 Transline
 Journey
 Weedmaster
Dyer’s Woad
Isatis tinctoria
Perennial Pepperweed
Lepidium latifolium
Hoary Cress
Cardaria draba
Cimarron
 Metsulfuron (Escort renamed)
 Hoary cress, dyer’s woad, perennial
pepperweed, thistles, houndstongue
 Must add surfactant or COC
 No grazing restrictions
 Tall fescue and perennial ryegrasses are
sensitive (damage)
Cimarron Max
 Metsulfuron + dicamba + 2,4-D
 Ratio: 5 oz Part A + 2.5 gal Part B
 Greater weed spectrum controlled
 Must add surfactant or COC
 Dicamba’s grazing restrictions
 Tall fescue and perennial ryegrasses are
sensitive (damage)
Telar
 Chlorsulfuron
 Hoary cress, dyer’s woad, perennial
pepperweed, thistles, houndstongue
 Must add surfactant or COC
 No grazing restrictions
 Tall fescue and perennial ryegrasses are
sensitive (damage)
Russian Knapweed
Centaurea repens
Spotted Knapweed
Centaurea maculosa
Yellow Starthistle
Centaurea solstitialis
Milestone
 Aminopyralid
 Knapweeds and thistles
 Weak on mustards
 Closely related to Tordon
 Not “Restricted-Use”
 Wildland and recreation sites
Medusahead
Taeniatherum caput-medusae
Plateau
 Imazapic
 Winter annual grasses
 Downy
Brome
 Medusahead
 Rangeland improvement
 Safe on most established
perennial grasses
Some poisonous weeds
of pasture
Houndstongue
Cynoglossum officinale
Houndstongue
 Foothills, pastures, roadsides
 Horses, cattle, sheep
 Fresh (unpalatable) or in hay
 Cummulative, may taint milk
Houndstongue
(Symptoms)
 Dullness, wandering
 Increased pulse and respiration
 Weakness, nervousness
 Constipation or diarrhea
 Death by liver hemorrhage
Houndstongue
(Management)
 Avoid contaminated hay
 Digging / pulling
 Escort (Cimmaron), Ally, Tordon,
Clarity (Banvel), 2,4-D
Poison Hemlock
Conium maculatum
Poison Hemlock
 Wet areas, disturbed sites
 Sheep, cattle, horses, humans
 Coniine and other alkaloids
 4 to 8 oz sheep, 10 to 16 oz cow
Poison Hemlock
(Symptoms)
 Salivation, nervous trembling
 Bloating, lack coordination
 Pupil dilation, rapid pulse
 Blue mouth lining
 Respiratory paralysis, coma
Poison Hemlock
(Symptoms - cont.)
 Abortion
 Crooked calf disease
(same timing and effect as lupine)
 Death in 2 to 3 hours
 Confused with wild edibles, has
caused death of children
Poison Hemlock
(Management)
 Animals normally avoid (fresh)
 Do not cut in hay
 2,4-D, Ally, Escort (Cimmaron), digging
Weed Control in Pastures
“Restoration”
Summary Thoughts• Fertilizer- 150 lbs/a split in 3 treatments (50+
50+ 50 in April- July- September)
• Irrigation- improve distribution and training
• Spot treat weeds- use a backpack or hand
held sprayer, and treat problem areas
(especially fence lines on a regular basis)
Controlling weeds in your pastures
Questions?