Transcript Agriliance Deposition - Kansas State University

The Effect of Application Volume and
Deposition Aids on Droplet Spectrum and
Deposition in Broccoli for Aerial Applications
Presented at the
2006 ASAE NAAA/ASAE Technical Session
40th Annual National Agricultural Aviation Association Convention
Rosen Shingle Creek Hotel & Resort
December 4-6, 2006
Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Paper # AA06-009
Objective:
The effect of application volume and
deposition aids on droplet spectrum
and deposition in broccoli for aerial
applications.
Materials and Methods:
•
•
•
•
•
Broccoli field in Yuma, Arizona
March 7 and 9, 2006
15 treatments
Products completely randomized
Broccoli was post harvest stage
– Planted on ridges, double rows, 1824 inches tall, and dense
• Application Conditions:
– Treatments 1-7 = 73°F and 40% RH
– Treatments 8-15 = 48°F and 66% RH
– Wind speed:
• Range = 4-10 and 2-3 mph
Materials and Methods:
• AT 402B (Tri Rotor; Yuma, AZ and Lakin, KS)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Drop booms
CPTT11 nozzles with 8° deflection
3 GPA (36 nozzles) CPTT11 - 15
5 GPA (36 nozzles) CPTT11 - 20
10 GPA (67 nozzles) CPTT11 - 30
58 - 73 psi (average = 62.8)
128 – 141 MPH (average = 132.5 mph, GPS
measured)
• Aircraft Operation S.A.F.E.
calibrated
• Application Height 10-12 feet
• Swath width = 60 feet
Materials and Methods:
•
5 deposition aids:
•
•
Water/Prime Oil/Red dye as a
check
Spray mixes containing 50 gal
•
Application volumes
–
–
–
–
–
Interlock
Interlock + Preference
Interlock + Rivet
AG06011
AG06038
–
–
–
Prime Oil @ 3 ounces/acre
Tap water
Required amount of product or
combination of products per label
–
3, 5, 10 GPA
Collection Procedure for canopy:
• 1 pass
• 5 collector areas evenly
spaced across the swath
width
• 3 kromekote papers
stapled to leaves
• placed in top, middle, and
bottom of canopy = 15
papers
DropletScan used to analyze droplets:
System Components
Analysis Procedure:
• Scanned and recorded
– 675 canopy papers (5 x 3 x 15 x 3)
– % Area Coverage, droplet size
characteristics, and number of
droplets in the bottom, middle, and
top of the broccoli canopy.
• Statistical analysis with SAS
– Proc GLM
– LS Means compared
• Alpha = .05
Results and Discussion:
• Comparison of locations in canopy
• Comparison of application volume
• Comparison of products vs. water
– Percent area coverage
– Number of droplets per square centimeter
– Volume median diameter in lower canopy
Coverage in Bottom of Canopy – 3 GPA:
0.80
0.70
0.67
0.67
0.70
% Area Coverage
0.60
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.33
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.00
w
-3
er
t
a
te
In
3
kc
rlo
f-3
e
r
+P
t
In
AG
06
3
31
0
Treatments
R
t+
In
i
t -3
e
v
G
+A
t
In
3
03
0
06
Coverage in Bottom of Canopy – 5 GPA:
1.20
0.97
0.93
0.80
0.80
0.73
0.70
0.60
0.47
0.40
0.20
5
In
t+
AG
06
03
0-
t-5
t+
R
iv
e
In
AG
06
01
3-
5
f-5
t+
Pr
e
In
In
te
rlo
ck
er
-5
-5
0.00
w
at
% Area Coverage
1.00
Treatments
Coverage in Bottom of Canopy – 10 GPA:
2.50
2.20
1.85
1.50
0.95
1.00
0.50
0
Treatments
iv
In
t+
R
In
t+
Pr
e
f-1
0
at
er
-1
et
-1
0
0.00
w
% Area Coverage
2.00
wa
te
r-5
wa
te
r-3
In
te
rlo
ck
-5
In
te
rlo
ck
-3
In
t+
Pr
ef
-5
In
t+
P
AG ref
06 3
0
AG 13 5
06
01
3In
3
t+
Ri
ve
t-5
In
t
+
In
Ri
t+
AG vet
06 3
In
0
t+
AG 3 0
-5
06
03
0wa 3
te
r-1
In
0
t+
Pr
ef
In
-1
t+
0
Ri
ve
t-1
0
% Area Coverage
Percent Area Coverage Bottom Collectors
2.50
Average = 0.85
2.00
1.00
0.50
b
b
0.00
LSD = 0.87
b
b
a
a
1.50
b
b
b
b
b
b
Treatments
b
b
b
Droplets/Sq. cm - Bottom Collectors
Average = 19.4
35.0
29.3
Droplets/sq. cm
30.0
25.3
25.0
13.7
10.0
5.0
15.3 16.7 16.7
13.3
10.3
de
de
cde
cde
de
e
12.0 11.7
e
ab
21.7
abc
20.0
15.0
31.0
32.7
a
23.0
18.7
abcd
abcd
abcde
bcd
e
0.0
0
-5
-3
-5
-3 -10
-5 3 -3
-5
-3
-5
-3
-5
-3
10
t
t
1
r
r
f
f
k
k
0
0
3
e
e
t
r
te
te
re Pre
e
ef
iv
oc rloc
03 603 a te
01 601 Riv
r
a
a
l
P
iv
r
6
R
6
+
+
P
w
w
e
e
t
t
0
0
+
+
R
0
0
t
t
w
t+
+
In
In
nt
nt
In
In
G
G
n
G
G
I
I
I
nt
I
A
A
A
A
t+
t+
In
In
LSD = 12.9
Treatments
wa
te
r-5
wa
te
r-3
In
te
rlo
ck
In
-5
te
rlo
ck
-3
In
t+
Pr
ef
-5
In
t+
P
AG ref
06 3
0
AG 13
06 5
01
3In
3
t+
Ri
ve
In
t-5
t+
In
R
t+
AG ivet
06 3
In
t+
0
AG 3 0
06 5
03
0
wa -3
te
r-1
In
0
t+
Pr
ef
In
-1
t+
0
Ri
ve
t-1
0
Microns
VMD – Bottom of Canopy
350
LSD = 60.3
Average =284
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Treatments
Summary of findings:
• The 10 GPA treatments of water only and the
combination of Preference/Interlock provided
significantly better coverage in the lower
canopy.
• There were no other significant differences
measured among all other volumes and
products.
• For the 5 GPA treatments, the Interlock and
the Interlock/Preference combination
provided the best coverage.
• Increased volume per acre improved coverage.
Summary of findings cont.:
• Deposition aids only slightly increased canopy
penetration except with the 10 GPA
treatments where water alone was best.
• Higher application volumes increased the
number of droplets measured in the lower
canopy.
• The combinations of Interlock/Rivet and
Interlock/Experimental AG06030 at both 5
and 3 GPA improved the droplet count.
• Interlock/Preference at 10 GPA had the most
droplets in the lower canopy.
Acknowledgements:
– Agriliance
– Tri Rotor– Jim DeKoster - Pilot
– Armando – Mix Master