Transcript Building and Assembling an Indirect Calorimeter

Building and Assembling an
Indirect Calorimeter
Jon Baran
Dhaval Desai
Kyle Herzog
Tim Pearce
Injury Reserve
Client
Dr. Dongsheng Cai MD, PhD
Department of Physiology
Advisors
Dr. Ken Gentry PhD
Department of Biomedical
Engineering
Dr. Richard Keesey PhD
Professor Emeritus –
Department of Psychology
University of Wisconsin - Madison
Biomedical Engineering Design Courses
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Metabolism
• Controlled by intricate
biochemical pathways
• Aberrations in these
pathways results in
disorders
– Obesity
– Diabetes
• Stress and inflammatory
pathways in the CNS 
impact on metabolism
– Genes (mutations,
deletions)
Source: http://universe-review.ca/I10-35-organs.jpg
Indirect Calorimeter
• Measure values of
VO2 and VCO2
– VO2: Rate of oxygen
consumption
– VCO2: Rate of carbon
VCO 2
RER 
dioxide production
VO 2
– Respiratory Exchange
Ratio (RER)
• Monitor fluctuations over Heat(kcal/hr)[3.815 (1.233* RER)]* VO 2
time
• Heat production and
energy source
Problem Statement
• To build and assemble an indirect
calorimeter for mice, which has
capabilities to monitor O2 consumption
and CO2 production, measure animal
movement, and store these values for
further data analysis.
Design Constraints
• Measurements:
– O2 and CO2 within 5% error
• Units should be in mL/hour
• Measurements should be taken every 5 minutes
for 24 to 48 hours
– Food and water consumption
– Waste excretion
– Animal Movement
Design Constraints
• Construction:
– 2 identical systems each with 5 cages
• One set for control mice, the other for experimental
mice
– Must fit on a rolling cart for transportation
around the building (size and weight
considerations)
– Should cost less than $2000
– Should last 2-5 years
Design Constraints
Must use the parts provided
Oxygen sensors and analyzers,
CO2 sensors and analyzers, air
flow controls, mouse chambers,
tubing, computer, electronic
switches, software, manual
instruction
Competition
• CLAMS
– Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring
System
– Can monitor: Activity, food and water
consumption, urine and waste
produced, O2 consumed, CO2
generated.
– Uses measurements to calculate the
animals’ respiratory exchange ratio
VCO2/VO2, as well as heat production.
– Data can be imported to a computer
with statistical spreadsheet programs for
analysis.
– Costs about $150,000.
Final Design – Push-Pull System
Final Design – Push-Pull System
• Overall Design:
• Pump  Collection
Chamber  Manual
Valve Five Cages
 Solenoid Valves
(Innervated by Relay)
Dehumidifier
Flow Meter  CO2
 O2  Air Release
to Atmosphere
Pros/Cons of Push Pull
Pros
• Allows for accurate
flow rates
• Dehumidifies air
with collection tank
• Maintains constant
flow through cages
• Allows needed
amount of air to
pass through
sensors/analyzers
Cons
• Collection chamber will
require more space
• System must be
checked periodically
for leaks
• Large space
requirements
Another Alternative – Pull-pull
system
O2
Sensor/
Analyzer
1
CO2
Sensor/
Analyzer
2
3
5L
Pump
.2L
Pump
4
5
CPU
Another Alternative – “One to one”
1
O2
CO2
Pump
2
O2
CO2
Pump
Pump
3
O2
CO2
4
O2
CO2
Pump
5
O2
CO2
Pump
Cages
O2 sensors & CO2 sensors
analyzers
& analyzers
CPU
0.2 L/min
Pump
Design Matrix
Cost Knowledge
(1-10) Base (1-10)
Size Simplicity
(1-5) (1-5)
Total
PushPull
7
10
4
4
25
Pull
7
6
4
3
20
One to
One
1
4
1
5
11
Future Work
• Test and calibrate all equipment
– Purchase additional equipment as needed
• First build single cage unit
– Pump  Cage  CO2  O2
• Connect 4 additional cages with relay and
solenoid values
– Allows for switching of cages
– Must be built onto moveable cart
– 2 independent system must be made
• Connect sensors to DAQ device
– Integrate A/D Converters as needed
References
Kouyama R, Suganami T, Nishida J, Tanaka M, Toyoda T, Kiso M, Chiwata T,
Miyamoto Y, Yoshimasa Y, Fukamizu A, Horiuchi M, Hirata Y, and Ogawa Y.
Attenuation of Diet-Induced Weight Gain and Adiposity through Increased
Energy Expenditure in Mice Lacking Angiotensin II Type 1a Receptor.
Endocrinology. 2005. 146 (8): 3481-3489.
Streeper RS, Koliwad SK, Villanueva CJ, and Farese RVJr. Effects of DGAT1
deficiency on energy and glucose metabolism are independent of
adiponectin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006. 291: E338-E394
Molero JC, Turner N, Thien CBF, Langdon WY, James DE, and Cooney GJ.
Genetic Ablation of the c-Cbl Ubiquitin Ligase Domain Results in Increased
Energy Expenditure and Improved Insulin Action. Diabetes. 2006.
55:3411-3417.
Oxymax Lab Animal Monitoring System: CLAMS. Columbus Instruments.
Retrieved from <http://www.colinst.com/brief.php?id=61> on February 20,
2007.
Any Questions???