Transcript Distributed Generation & Energy Storage in Indonesia

Distributed Generation &
Energy Storage in Indonesia
Chayun Budiono
PT Gerbang Multindo Nusantara
Jakarta, Indonesia
Indonesia in Profile*)
Currency : Indonesian Rupiah (IDR)
1 USD  8500 IDR
All figures are approximation only
*) Central Bureau of Statistics 2003
• Sea area :
7 900 000 km2
• Land area :
1 900 000 km2
• Population :
212 Million
• Provinces : 31
• District
: 302
• Sub-district : 4 918
• Village
: 70 460
• Islands
: 17 000
Energy Reserve in Indonesia
Fossil
• Fuel Oil*)
• Gas *)
• Coal *)
:
:
:
5.00
2.05
5.22
Renewable
• Hydro
• Biomass
• Solar Energy
• Wind & Wave
:
:
:
:
75.0
GW
470
Million GJ/year
5.0
kWh/m2.day
Potential along South Coast of Java
*)
Billion Barrels (0.5%)
Trillion m3 (1.4%)
Billion Ton (0.5%)
Proven Reserve as of 2000; percentage to the world reserve.
Needs for Energy Storage
• Supply of most RE systems as well as
energy demand are time dependent.
• Both RE supply and energy demand
generally follow a statistical phenomena
• Availability of RE supply does not
necessarily coincide with the energy
demand
Supply & Demand Pattern
20
PV Output (kW)
PV Output
15
output to battery
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Tim e of the Day
Power Demand (kW)
20
output to load
15
10
load to be supplied from battery
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Tim e of the Day
15
Solar Home System (SHS)
PV Panel
TL Lamp
BCU
TL Lamp
TL Lamp
Batter
y
Socket for radio, TV, etc
• PV-panel
50Wp
• Battery Control Unit
10 A/12VDC
• Battery
70 Ah/12VDC
• 3 TL lamps
10W/12VDC
Solar Home System (SHS)
50 ~ 300 Wp
PV-SHS Costs
Unit Cost USD 300-350
PV-D Hybrid System
PV Array
Bi-directional Inverter
To Consumer
Battery
Diesel Gen-set
Stand-alone PV System
Decentralized PV System for Pena'ah Island
18.0
120
16.0
100
12.0
80
kW
10.0
60
8.0
6.0
40
Battery State of Charge (%)
14.0
4.0
20
2.0
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
hours of the day
load pv
load dgs
load batt
total supply
state of charge
PV Size = 30 kWp ; Battery = 400 Ah(220 VDC)
PV-Diesel Hybrid System
PV-Diesel Hybrid System for Pena'ah Island
16.0
120
14.0
100
12.0
kW
8.0
60
6.0
State of Charge (%)
80
10.0
40
4.0
20
2.0
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
hours of the day
load pv
load dgs
load batt
total supply
State of Charge
PV Size=12.5 kWp ; Diesel=15 kW ; Battery = 120 Ah(220 VDC)
PV-D Hybrid at Pena’ah Island
PV Generator
Battery
Diesel Generator
Inverter
12.5 kWp
400 Ah / 220 VDC
20 kVA
15 kVA
PV-D Hybrid System
Capacity 12.5 – 15 kWp
Cost ± USD 150,000
Micro-hydro Plant
LEGEND
1. Weir
2. Sand Trap
3. Pipe Bridge
4. Head Race Channel
5. Siphon
6. Storage Tank
7. Penstock
8. Spillway
9. Power House
10. Tailrace Channel
Hydraulic Storage
The 2275 m3 capacity storage
tank provides back-up capacity
allowing the scheme to supply
peak load demands for limited
periods (min 2 hours) even when
streamflow is below design flow.
Power Output
Design flow
Net Head
Headrace
Storage
2 x 125 kW
600 l/s
64 m
572 m
2,275 m3
Pumped Sea water
1.1 MW Tapered Channel Wave Concept at Baron, Yogyakarta
Conclusion
• Storage system remains an important component or plays an
important role in distributed generation, particularly for the
renewable energy system applications.
• Cost of RE distributed generation, particularly a stand-alone PV
system, is significantly influenced by the cost of battery. Hence,
there is a need to reduce the battery cost and increase the battery
lifetime to enable bring both the investment- and lifecycle costs of
renewable energy systems down.
• Hydraulic storage (pumped water) can be one of alternative energy
storage system for RE application.
• Utilization of pumped sea water as a storage has an economic
potential to be developed along the south-coast of Java island. It
can be used to fill the valley during low demand of Java-Bali grid or
in combination with the utilization of distributed renewable energy
sources (wave, wind and solar-energy).