Transcript Freshwater Systems - Higley Unified School District

Bell Work 1/13/15
1. Where do you think
this picture was taken?
The Grand Canyon
2. What river is located at
the bottom?
The Colorado River
3. Explain how it was
formed.
The Colorado River slowly
eroded the sedimentary
rock over millions of
years.
On your desk:
1. IN
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
Interactive Notebook
Table of Contents
1.
Title
Date
Page #
Freshwater Systems
1/6/15

States of Matter
1/6/15
7

H2O Cycle
1/8/15
13

Double Bubble
1/13/15
??
Water
• 97% is saltwater.
• ONLY 3% is freshwater.
Output side!
Double Bubble: Where is water stored on our planet??
FW
SW
Water
• 97% is saltwater.
• Only 3% is freshwater.
– 2% is locked up in glaciers
and ice caps.
– 1% is usable by humans
• Groundwater
• Rivers
• lakes
Freshwater Systems
Interactive Notebook
Table of Contents
1.
Title
Date
Page #
Freshwater Systems
1/6/15

States of Matter
1/6/15
7

H2O Cycle
1/8/15
13

Double Bubble
1/13/15
??

Freshwater
1/13/15
??
Chapter 1 Section 1
• Reading :
http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn
=0030490839
• Output Activity: Definition and Picture
Picture
Vocabulary Word
Erosion
Water Cycle
Tributary
Watershed
Divide
Channel
Load
Definition
Bell Work 1/14/15
1. What percentage of all available water
does SW make up?
Salt water makes up 97% of all water on Earth.
2. List 3 places where SW is found.
3. What percentage of all available water does
FW make up?
Fresh water makes up only 3% of water on
Earth.
4. List 3 places where FW is found.
On your desk:
1. IN
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
Erosion- the process by which wind, water, ice or
gravity transports soil or sediment from one
location to another.
Water Cycle- the continuous movement of water from the ocean
to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean.
Tributary- A stream that flows into a
lake or a larger stream.
Watershed- The area of land that is
drained by a water system.
Divide- The boundary between
drainage areas that have streams that
flow in opposite directions.
Channel- The path that a stream
follows.
Load- The materials
carried by a stream.
Freshwater Systems
• 97% is ocean water.
• Only 3% is freshwater.
– 2% is locked up in glaciers
and ice caps.
– 1% is usable by humans
• Groundwater
• Rivers
• lakes
Freshwater Storage
• Glaciers- form where more
snow falls than melts each
year.
• Ponds and Lakes- form in
depressions(low areas) in
the land.
• Atmosphere- tiny % of
earth’s water is found in
the form of clouds.
Lakes
• Lakes are formed when water fills in bowl-shaped
depressions in the Earth's surface, called basins.
• Lake basins are formed in several ways.
– Many lakes were formed by glaciers that covered large areas of
land during the most recent ice age, about 18,000 years ago.
Lake Types
• Natural Lakes- Form
naturally when water
filled in basins and there
is no outlet. Ex: Mormon
Lake, AZ
• Reservoirs- Formed when
a river is dammed. A
natural lake’s outlet can
be dammed as well to
regulate water flow. Ex:
Bartlett Lake, AZ
Lakes
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ZONES:
Littoral Zone- area closest to the shore.
Benthic Zone- lowest area of a body of water.
Pelagic zone- makes up the rest of the lake
Streams and Rivers
• Tributaries- a stream
that flows into a lake or
into a larger stream.
• Watershed- The area of
land that is drained by
a water system.
– Also called drainage
basins.
• Divide- The boundary
between drainage
areas that have streams
that flow in opposite
directions.
ArizonaWatersheds
• Upper Colorado
River Basin
• Verde River
Basin
• Salt River Basin
• Little Colorado
Basin
Let’s Create our own Watersheds!!
Materials:
• Piece of white paper
• Tape
• Markers- brown, green
and blue
• Spray bottle
• Water
Bell Work 1/20 /15
On your desk:
1. IN
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
Let’s Create our own Watersheds!!
Bell Work 1/21 /15
On your desk:
1. IN
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
1. Log on to Edmodo/Synergy and check your
target test scores from yesterday.
2. Bubble in your scores in the back of you IN.
3. Are you satisfied with the results?
If Yes, what did you do to prepare?
If No, what will you do next time to
prepare for the target tests?
REVIEW: Lakes
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ZONES:
Littoral Zone- area closest to the shore.
Benthic Zone- lowest area of a body of water.
Pelagic zone- makes up the rest of the lake
What happens to H2O after it
precipitates from the clouds??
Stream Development
• Streams erode paths through sediment and
rock, forming V-shaped valleys.
• But.... what affects stream formation and
structure? How does the water want to flow?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=ubP_-ptVDbY
Supply of Water
• Stream formation relies on a consistent
water supply
– Precipitation
– Underground deposits of water
Supply of Water
• Moving water carves a narrow pathway into the
sediment or rock called the stream channel.
• Stream banks hold the moving water within them.
Velocity of stream
• When a stream is straight the water has
maximum velocity in the center of the
channel
• The water has minimum velocity on the sides
and bottom of the channel
WHY????
Meanders
• A bend or curve in a stream channel is called a meander .
• Water moving along the outside of a meander curve
experiences the greatest velocity and erodes the side of the
stream bed.
• Water moving along the inside of the meander is slower and
deposition is occurring.
Erosion
Deposition
Deposition
• Delta- A fan-shaped mass of material deposited
at the mouth of a stream.
Deposition
• Alluvial Fan- A fan-shaped mass of material
deposited by a stream when the slope of the
land decreases sharply.
Floods
• A flood occurs when
water spills over the
sides of the stream’s
banks.
• The flat area that is
covered with water
during times of flooding
is called the floodplain.
pH
pH of Water
• Acid- A substance that can donate a hydrogen ion (H+) to
another substance
• Base- A substance that can accept a hydrogen ion (H+) from
another substance
– Hydroxide ion (OH-) is formed
Acidic Water (pH<7)
Basic (Alkaline) Water (pH>7)
Chapter 1 Section 1 Questions
• Reading :
http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=00
30490839
• Output Activity: Answer questions 1-10
• Make sure to write the question and answer!!
Bell Work 1/22/15
1. What is the difference between a delta and
alluvial fan?
On your desk:
1. IN
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
The difference between a delta and alluvial fan is the
elevation change of the stream to the ocean.
2. Describe how a meander is formed. Make sure
to include velocity, erosion, and deposition.
• Meanders are formed due to the movement of
stream water. The greatest velocity is on the
outside of the meander, which causes erosion.
The lowest velocity occurs at the inside of the
meander, where deposition occurs.
Groundwater
The water located beneath the earth's surface in soil
pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
Rock is either…
Impermeable rock- a
rock that water
cannot flow through.
Permeable rock- a
rock that water can
easily flow through.
Groundwater
The majority of freshwater is found underground.
• Water collects in spaces between particles of
sediments underground.
Aquifers
A layer of rock or sediment that stores groundwater.
What type of rock makes a good aquifer?
- sedimentary rock
- many pores (open spaces) between sediments
Aquifers
• Porosity- The
fraction of a rock’s
volume that is taken
up by pores.
• Permeability- A rocks
ability to let water
pass through.
Aquifer
• Saturated zone- region
where pore spaces are
entirely filled with water.
• Water table- top of the
saturated zone.
How do we get to groundwater?
• Well- A hole dug
below the water
table in order to
access water.
• Spring- The side of a
hill intersects the
water table and
water flows out.
Well Location
Bell Work 1/23/15
1. What type of rock makes a good aquifer?
Describe why!!
Sedimentary rock! Sedimentary rock is very
porous and holds a lot of water.
2. What is permeability?
A rocks ability to let water pass through.
Volume of water / Time = Permeability
On your desk:
1. IN
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
Video??
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HORIZON Eight
Arizona PBS-Water Sustainability
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxC779Fjw1o
What are the three Rs?
Where does AZ get it’s water? (groundwater, surface water, and a
little bit of reclaimed water.)
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• Why is Arizona fortunate as far as water supply? (We have alot of
ground water, we have large rights to the CO River)