Transcript Diapositiva 1 - FRANCESCO LISSONI

Academic Patenting in Europe
(APE-INV): An Overview
Francesco Lissoni 

GREThA-Université Bordeaux IV; KITES-Università Bocconi, Milan
APE-INV ‘s main features
Database Harmonization project [which] ...
… aims at re-classifying patents by inventors [and]
… promote(s) the collection of cross-country data
… on European universities’ contribution to patenting
Research Networking Programme
… no direct funding of research activities
… provision of infrastructure and discussion forums
… to help laying the foundations of national research initiatives
APE-INV ‘s sponsors
Background: From university patents
to academic inventors
Trajtenberg M., Henderson R., Jaffe A. (1992) “Ivory Tower Versus Corporate
Lab: An Empirical Study of Basic Research and Appropriability”, NBER
Working Paper Series 4146

Balconi, M., Breschi, S., & Lissoni, F. (2004). Networks of inventors and the
role of academia: an exploration of Italian patent data. Research
Policy, 33(1), 127-145

• Lissoni, F., Llerena, P., McKelvey, M., & Sanditov, B. (2008). Academic
patenting in Europe: new evidence from the KEINS database. Research
Evaluation, 17(2), 87-102.
• Azoulay, P., Ding, W., & Stuart, T. (2007). The determinants of faculty
patenting behavior: Demographics or opportunities? Journal of Economic
Behavior & Organization, 63(4), 599-623
• … many more papers based on INVENTOR DATA
INVENTOR-BASED DATA
Patent
applications
Publicaton number,
priority date, IPC
class, citations etc.
INVENTOR DISAMBIGUATION
Standardisation of company
names/addresses/parent co.
Company-level data
Inventor-level data set:
ID, address(es)
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INVENTOR-PROFESSOR
MATCHING EXERCISE
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What did we know (that we did not know before…)?
• Academic patenting is not just university patenting  IP ownership
• Academic patenting is not just a US phenomenon
• “Open Science” vs “Private technology”:
 Complementarity at the individual level
 Trade-off at the systemic level
What didn’t we know (yet..)?
• Inventors’ incentives and strategies
• Ownership: How good are universities as IP asset managers?
• Academic patenting outside the US: Is it increasing? In quantity? In
quality? We need longitudinal data!
• Inventor data: How to improve quality? How to get feedbacks?
 APE-INV project!
APE-INV’s objectives
MAIN:
M1. to share expertise and methods for the creation of an
inventors’ database;
M2. to share expertise and methods for matching the inventors’
database with national databases of academic scientists
 produce comparable counts of acad. patenting activity
 collect auxiliary information on academic inventors;
M3. to produce a freely available database on “academic
patenting in Europe”
SUBSIDIARY
S1. to produce one or more joint publications;
S2. to devise a method for collecting the database users’
feedbacks on the quality of the data.
Activities & achievements, by objective
M1. creation of an inventor database
S2. method for collecting the database users’ feedbacks
 Data repository and feedback platform
2806516 inventors  2032701/2481582 individuals
 2200000 patents (EPO applications, 1978-2010)
 Reference source: Worldwide Patent Statistical Database
(PatStat), issued by the European Patent Office (EPO)
M2. produce comparable counts of academic patenting
M3. free database on “academic patenting in Europe”
 APE-INV country datasets: “PUBLN_NR” + “Academ. dummy”
BOTH ON APE-INV website’s DB page
( front page http:/www.academicpatenting.eu)
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Activities & achievements, by objective (cont.)
S1. to produce one or more joint publications
• Academic Patenting In Europe: A Reassessment of Evidence and Research Practices
Francesco Lissoni
• Academic Inventions Outside the University: Investigating Patent Ownership in the UK
Cornelia Lawson
• University autonomy, the professor privilege and academic patenting: Italy, 1996-2007
Francesco Lissoni, Michele Pezzoni, Bianca Potì & Sandra Romagnosi
• When Do Universities Own Their Patents? An Explorative Study of Patent Characteristics and
Organizational Determinants in Germany
Anja Schoen & Guido Buenstorf
• Academic Inventors, Scientific Impact and The Institutionalisation of Pasteur´S Quadrant In Spain
Catalina Martínez, Joaquín M. Azagra-Caro & Stéphane Maraut
• The Impact of Academic Technology: Do Modes of Involvement Matter? The Flemish Case
Julie Callaert, Mariette Du Plessis, Bart Van Looy & Koenraad Debackere
• Academic Inventors, Technological Profiles and Patent Value: An Analysis of Academic Patent
Owned by Swedish-Based Firms
Daniel Ljungberg, Evangelos Bourelos & Maureen Mckelvey
• What Determines University Patent Commercialization? Empirical Evidence on the Role of
IPR Ownership
Paola Giuri, Federico Munari & Martina Pasquini