Transcript Enlightenment Thinkers - World Civ at DHS with Mrs. Thomsen

The Enlightenment Thinkers
Fill in your chart with these facts
as we go through the notes.
Basics Vocab
 Natural
 Rights
Rights
that all humans are given at birth
 Separation
of Powers
 The
idea that governments should have
more than one person in charge to
make sure things are equal.
 Philosopher-King
 Plato’s
idea of the perfect ruler who
would be trained and educated in
Philosophy before becoming a king.
Quick Review

What is the difference between an
absolute monarch and a limited monarch?

What is the difference between a direct
democracy and an indirect democracy
(also called a representative democracy)?
Aristotle
Add to your Basics Vocab

Aristotle – Greek philosopher who
argued that democracy was the least
dangerous form of government (if
everyone was educated and power was
held by the middle class)
 His
second preferred type of government was
a king guided by a group of philosophers.
Aristotle
Ideal Form of
Government
Main
Reasons/Beliefs
Unrealistic
Can People
Govern?
for all
citizens to be
1. King with
NO – Unless
Philosophers educated
they are
Therefore a King educated
2. Democracy
should rule
ruled by
Middle Class w/guidance of
philosophers
Queen
Elizabeth I
Basics Vocab
 Queen
Elizabeth I – 16th
century monarch who believed
monarchs should be thought of as
a parent of their people, and have
nearly absolute control.
Queen Elizabeth I
Ideal Form of
Government
Main Reasons/Beliefs Can People
Govern?
Right—
No
believed God gave
her authority to rule
Believed each
person is born into
their proper place in
society
She thought she
was the mother of
the people
Divine
Wants
Absolute
Monarchy but
has Limited
Monarchy
Thomas Hobbes
Add to your Basics Vocab…
 Thomas
Hobbes – 17th century
enlightenment thinker who
believed that absolute monarchs
helped to control chaos in a
society
Thomas Hobbes
Ideal Form of Main Reasons/Beliefs
Government
humans are
No
naturally wicked
Government protects
people from their own
selfishness
King/Queen=best
form of government
All
Absolute
Monarchy
Can People
Govern?
John
Locke
Add to Basics Vocab
 John
Locke – 17th century
enlightenment thinker who believed
that when people are born “good”
and all deserve natural rights.
 When
people are denied their natural
rights, “life, liberty, and property”,
people have the right to overthrow the
government.
John Locke
Ideal Form
Can
of
People
Main Reasons/Beliefs
Government
Govern?
King & Queen need limitations
Limited
Yes
People can make good
Monarchy
decisions if they have proper
info
People should approve of their
leaders
Government should protect
individual freedoms & liberties
Natural Rights—Life,
Liberty & Property
King Louis
XIV
Basics Vocab
 King
Louis XIV – 18th century
king of France who believed that
he received his authority by
Divine Right and was only
answerable to God.
King Louis XIV
Ideal Form of
Government
Absolute
Monarchy—a
ruler with
unlimited
powers
Main Reasons
Can People
Govern?
Divine
No
Right—
received
authority from
God & only has
to answer to
God.
-Took this
belief to the
extreme
Baron de Montesquieu
Basics Vocab
 Baron
de Montesquieu – 18th
century enlightenment philosopher
who believed that government power
should be separated (to create
equality) and overall controlled by a
limited monarch.
Baron de Montesquieu
Ideal Form of
Government
Main Reasons
Can People
Govern?
Limited
Monarchy
Limited
Yes—but only if
they are
educated
powers makes
country stable
“Separation of
Powers”
Checks
Balances
&
Plato
Basics Vocab
 Plato
– Greek philosopher who
argued that government leaders
should be chosen by their
strengths and talents, not their
family line or money.
Plato
Ideal Form of Main Reasons
Government
PhilosopherKing
Talent
Can People
Govern?
determines
No—Only the
each person’s role in educated can
society
rule.
Everyone should be
educated
Democracy not
good = mob rule
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Basics Vocab
 Jean
Jacques Rousseau – 18th
century enlightenment
philosopher who believed that
direct democracy was possible
because all people are naturally
good, and will do what is best for
their country.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Ideal Form of Main Reasons
Government
Can People
Govern?
YES!!
Direct
Democracy
Everyone
should vote
on EVERYTHING!
Absolute power
corrupts everybody.
Mary
Wollstonecraft
Basics Vocab
 Mary
Wollstonecraft – 19th
century feminist who argued that
women should be equal to men in
education, business, and
government.
 She
wanted women to be equal
NOT above the men.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Ideal Form of
Government
Main Reasons
Can
People
Govern?
Democracy or Women should have
YES
any system of equal rights in education,
Equality
business & government
James Madison
James Madison
Ideal Form of
Government
Main Reasons
Believed
Indirect
Democracy
(aka Republic
or Rep.
Democracy)
Can
People
Govern?
all people were
created equal and should YES
have an equal voice in
their government.
Thought a system of
checks and balances
would guarantee good
decisions.
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson
Ideal Form of
Government
Main Reasons
Can
People
Govern?
Indirect
Democracy
(aka Republic
or Rep.
Democracy)
Believed
YES
all people were
created equal and should
have an equal voice in
their government.
Believed a society of
farmers was independent
minded.
Answer these in your notes
 Of
the philosophers whose ideas did
you like the best? Why?
 Whose ideas did you like the least?
Why?
 Which
of the thinkers’ ideas have been
the most influential in the modern
development of democracy?
Draw this chart on the bottom of your notes or on a new
sheet of paper
Title:
Press Conference Matrix
Where do you think the ELEVEN
Philosophers line up on the chart of
Democracy?
Autocracy
Democracy
—Press Conference Matrix
Where do you think the ELEVEN
Philosophers line up on the chart of
Democracy?
Autocracy
Democracy
Madison
King
Louis
XIV
Queen
Elizabeth I
Plato
Thomas
Hobbes
Aristotle
John Wollstonecraft
Locke
Montesquieu
Rousseau