Co-generation and District Heating Systems based on biomass, geothermal and solar thermal energy

Erik Larsson

Manager, Energy Policy Swedish District Heating Association 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 1

District Heating in Sweden

● 9 million inhabitants ● 50 TWh district heating ● Almost 50 % of total heat market ● Present in every community with more than 10 000 inhabitants ● More than 600 DH systems ● Still growing ● Turnover 2,7 billion euro ● Competing on the heat market 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 2

TWh 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000

Fuel/energy used for District Heating in Sweden 1980 to 2005

CO 2 ) CO2(kg/MWh 350,0 300,0 250,0 200,0 150,0 100,0 50,0 Wood Fuel Others Surplut heat ind Waste Peat Heat pump Electric boilers Coal Natural gas Oil 0,000 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Year 0,0

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Evolution in CO 2 emissions globally and in Sweden

Koldioxidutsläpp - historiska uppskattningar

Index, 1900=100 Significant investments in

1600

District Heating are launched

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1899 1919 1939 1959 1979 1999

År

Hämtat: 2008-01-31 Källa: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center Not: Avser koldioxidutsläpp från förbränningen av fossila bränslen samt cementtillverkning.

Sverige Globalt 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 4

We do not need fossil fuel for heating only!

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Strategic heat sources 2003 flow from the five strategic heat sources for district heating in EU-32 (in EJ).

Possible supply is approx. 200 times higher!

Source:ECOHEATCOOL project 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 7

District heating effects Doubling the sales of district heat in Europe would ● Reduce primary energy consumption by 2,1 EJ/a (Primary energy consumption of Sweden) ● Reduce import dependency by 4,5 EJ/a (Primary energy consumption of Poland) ● Reduce CO2 emissions by 400 mln tons / 9,3% ( Emissions of France from fossil fuel combustion) Source:ECOHEATCOOL project 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 8

Primary resource factors Primary resource factors express the ratio between the non-regenerative energy input and final energy used. The lower the PRF of a technology (in operation), the greater its contribution to reduce the use of fossil primary energy 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 9

To build new passive-houses is easy but how to make this house zero-emitting ?

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Examples of low emitting District Heating

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Solar heating connected to District Heating

Eksta Malmö Odensbacken Falkenberg Säter Kungälv Nykvarn Brædstrup, DK Marstal, DK 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 12

”Geothermal” energy in District Heating

● Defined as energy from the ground or lakes utilized by heat pumps. (RES dir) ● Average COP of 3,1 heat pumps cover 8 % of Swedish District Heating ● Decreasing because… ● …carbon emissions similar to oil fired boilers 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 13

Efficiency of production of electric power in EU-27 in years 2000 and 2005

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Sundsvall 1968-2008 What you don’t see on the picture Facts Population: 95 000 Area: 3 200 km2

Yield

from 35% to 80%

After

Fossil fuels

-80% (in 2012 0% fossil fuels)

Before 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

CO

2 linked to heating and local electricity production

-75%

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DH/CHP plant in Västerås, Sweden

Block 1+2 Block 3 Block 4 Boiler 5 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 19

Available Technology and Investments with rapid pay-off

To double the District Heating share in Europe from 7% to 15% :

70 B € investment <4years pay-off time 10% reduction in CO 2 emissions would reduce the need for fossil fuel imports to EU of 4,5 EJ/year 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 20

Substitution of natural gas with district heating based on recycling of industrial surplus,

cutting 7% of all CO 2 emissions in the city of Varberg in less than 5 years Annual sales, GWh/year

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1994 1996 1998

Varberg, Sweden

2000 2002 Natural gas District Heat 2004 Source: Dr Sven Werner Professor, Energy Technology, Halmstad University 2006 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 2008 21

Integrated Power, Heat and Pellets production in Skellefteå

Pellets production Capacity: 24 t/H Pellets 4,9 MW electricity Boiler & Turbine Capacity: 64 MW DH; 35 MW electricity Accumulator 15 000 m 3 Similar integrations can be done with other biofuel plants 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 22

Environmental improvements due to the Surplus heat utilization -

100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Without Surplus heat With Surplus heat

16000

Biomass Surplus heat Electricity Butane Fuel oil

12000 8000 4000 ● 0 CO2 ton/year NOX kg/year Electricity MWh/year The heat is transported from Frövifors Bruk to Frövi, Vedevåg and Lindesberg over an 18 km long transmission pipeline.

Without Surplus heat With Surplus heat 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 23

What are the opportunities with District Heating

● ● ● Connecting energy sources to energy consumers and hereby utilize surplus energy from ● Electricity production ● Heavy industry and biofuel plants ● Energy from waste Introduce large scale biomass use, solar and geothermal heating Less dependency on imported fossil fuel - money used for infrastructure – increases the security of supply 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 25

A few ideas to make it happen...

 Definition of clear objectives at the policy level  Cooperation between policy-makers and industry in the analysis  Strong participation of the industry in the development of technical tools and rules  Coherence is a key...

 Do not fragmentize – keep Energy Efficiency, RES and CO 2 reduction on the table all the time - District Heating do 8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 26

Conclusion More info at: www.euroheat.org

www.ecoheatcool.org

Or [email protected]

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