Transcript Use of Nano Reactors in Edible Oil Processing

102nd AOCS Annual Meeting
May 1-4, 2011
Cincinnati, OH
Use of Nano Reactors
in Edible Oil Processing
Wim De Greyt1, Marc Kellens1,Tim Kemper2 and Jim Willits2
1Desmet
Ballestra Group, Zaventem, Belgium;
2Desmet
Ballestra North America, Marrietta, GA
Science behind Technology
1
www.desmetballestra.com
Refiner’s Challenge
EFFICIENCY
REFINING
CONDITIONS
REFINING
TECHNOLOGY
QUALITY
Science behind Technology
SUSTAINABILITY
2
www.desmetballestra.com
Oil Refining Processes
OILSEEDS
Mechanical Pressing
Oil Extraction
Deoiled Meal
Solvent extraction
Crude Oil
Gums
Water degumming
Chemical
LECITHIN
Physical
WDG Oil
Soapstock
Alkali Neutralisation
Acid Gums
Bleaching
Spent
bleaching earth
Deodorization
Deodorizer Distillate
Acid degumming
Bleaching
Physical deacidification
Deodorization
Refined Oil
Science behind Technology
3
www.desmetballestra.com
Oil Refining Processes
OILSEEDS
Mechanical Pressing
Oil Extraction
Deoiled Meal
Solvent extraction
Crude Oil
Gums
Water degumming
Chemical
LECITHIN
Physical
WDG Oil
Soapstock
Alkali Neutralisation
Acid Gums
Bleaching
Spent
bleaching earth
Deodorization
Deodorizer Distillate
Acid degumming
Bleaching
Physical deacidification
Deodorization
Refined Oil
Science behind Technology
4
www.desmetballestra.com
Oil Refining Processes
OILSEEDS
Mechanical Pressing
Oil Extraction
Deoiled Meal
Solvent extraction
Crude Oil
Developments in
Wet oil pretreatment
Water degumming
Gums
LECITHIN
WDG Oil
Soapstock
Alkali Neutralisation
Acid Gums
Bleaching
Spent
bleaching earth
Deodorization
Deodorizer Distillate
Acid degumming
Bleaching
Physical deacidification
Deodorization
Refined Oil
Science behind Technology
5
www.desmetballestra.com
Developments in degumming
Enzymatic Degumming
* PL-C on high PL-containing crude oils (RSO, SBO)
* PL-A on crude/WDG oils
Main driver
POTENTIEL YIELD GAIN PLC
3,00
soya
% oil yield gain (max)
2,50
Fatty acid
rape
PLC
Fatty acid
2,00
P
1,50
Higher Oil Yield
AEIC
1,00
0,50
DIGLYCERIDE INCREASE
NEUTRAL OIL INCREASE
TOTAL OIL INCREASE
0,00
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
ppm P in crude oil
Science behind Technology
6
www.desmetballestra.com
Alkali Neutralisation - Degumming
MORE EFFICIENT GUMS/FFA REMOVAL
Using less chemicals
Trend towards more intensive mixing
Static
Dynamic
High Shear
(single stage)
Silverson
Ultra High Shear
(multi-stage)
IKA
More intensive mixing requiring higher energy input
How to improve efficiency further ?
Science behind Technology
7
www.desmetballestra.com
Nano Reactors
Nano Reactors
Generation, growth and collapse of bubbles
Release of large magnitudes of energy over small location
(high energy density)
Locally very high temp/pressure with overall ambient
conditions
‘Mechanical’ Effects
*High turbulence
*High shear forces
‘Chemical’ Effects
*Fragmenting of molecules
*Formation of radicals
*Fine emulsions
Science behind Technology
8
www.desmetballestra.com
Nano reactors
POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF NANO REACTORS
1. Process intensification (faster-higher yield-more selective)
2. Cell disruption (biotechnology)
3. Microbial disinfection/destruction contaminants
4. Many other specific applications
Can Nano Reactors be applied in Oil Processing ?
Ref : Gogate – Chemical Engineering and Processing 47 (2008),515-527
Science behind Technology
9
www.desmetballestra.com
Acoustic Process
ACOUSTIC PROCESS (SONOCHEMISTRY)
* Generated by Ultrasound waves
*Tested successfully for degumming
Moulton and Mounts (1999)
> 90 % PL removal
*No industrial application due to inherent drawbacks
* Effect depends on distance from source (not uniform)
* Batch process, not suitable for large scale processing
* High energy requirement
Science behind Technology
10
www.desmetballestra.com
Hydrodynamic Nano Reactors
HYDRODYNAMIC NANO REACTORS
* Less studied than ultrasound process
* Generated by passage of a liquid through a constriction
Typical velocity and pressure profile in a hydrodynamic Nano reactor
* Much more energy efficient than acoustic process
* Suitable for larger scale, continuous processes
Science behind Technology
11
www.desmetballestra.com
Nano-Reactors
NANO-REACTORS
* Unique internal geometry
* Generation of very small ‘nano’ bubbles
in liquid streams
* Liquids (homogeneous/heterogeneous)
are fed to nano-reactor with HP pump
* Mechanical and chemical effects
- Formation of very fine emulsions
- Increased surface area
- Strong shear forces
Proprietary design of CTI
- Activation of atoms, molecules
- Formation of radicals
- Initiation of chemical reactions
* Reactor, more than just a good mixer
Science behind Technology
12
www.desmetballestra.com
Nano-NeutralisationTM
Standard
Neutralisation
Nano-
NaOH
Neutralisation
Nanoreactor
Science behind Technology
13
www.desmetballestra.com
Nano-NeutralisationTM
- Patent pending technology
- Add-on process to existing oil refinery
neutralisation system
- Process benefits (industrial proven)
•
No addition of H3PO4 (NHP converted in HP in nano-reactor)
•
No acid retention tank
•
Less NaOH required (no need for H3PO4 neutralisation)
•
Less soaps in nano-neutralized oil reducing need for silica
or wash water
•
Improved oil yield due to improved separation of soapstock
(Less neutral oil/no salts in soapstock)
Science behind Technology
14
www.desmetballestra.com
Nano-NeutralisationTM
Industrial plant : 500 TPD
Science behind Technology
15
www.desmetballestra.com
Nano-NeutralisationTM
500 TPD Nano-neutralisation of soybean oil
Industrial data
Feedstock
Process parameters
-Phosphoric acid (ppm)
-NaOH (% 16.6 °Be)
Water-degummed soybean oil
(120-150 ppm P; 0.45-0.55% FFA)
Nano-neutralization
Classical caustic refining
0-100
0.7
850-900
1.2
-Pressure (bar)
-Temperature (°C)
60
75
Refined Oil Quality
-P-content (ppm)
-Ca & Mg (ppm)
-FFA (%)
-Soaps (ppm)
1-3
<1
< 0.03
< 100
Science behind Technology
16
6-8
< 0.05
200-300
www.desmetballestra.com
Nano-NeutralisationTM
Industrial plant : 500 TPD
Proven Process Advantages
- 90% less phosphoric acid
- 40-50% less caustic soda
- min. 0.2% extra refined oil yield
- less silica consumption
Science behind Technology
17
www.desmetballestra.com
Other possible applications
1. Nano-degumming of crude/WDG oils
• Deep degumming to allow physical refining
2. Nano-degumming of palm oil
• Replacing the ‘dry’ phosphoric acid degumming
• Also suitable in biodiesel feedstock pretreatment
3. Enzyme assisted nano-degumming
Still in testing phase, not proven yet
Science behind Technology
18
www.desmetballestra.com
Summary - Conclusions
* Efficiency, Quality and Sustainability are key criteria
for new/improved processes in edible oil refining
* Enzymatic degumming meets all these criteria and
is therefore being applied more
* Hydrodynamic Nano Reactors is interesting
technology for edible oil refining
* Nano-neutralisation is being implemented on
industrial scale
* Nano-degumming (in combination with enzymes) is
tested on lab/pilot scale
Science behind Technology
19
www.desmetballestra.com
102nd AOCS Annual Meeting
May 1-4, 2011
Cincinnati, OH
Thank You For Your Attention
Wim De Greyt1, Marc Kellens1,Tim Kemper2 and Jim Willits2
1Desmet
Ballestra Group, Zaventem, Belgium;
2Desmet
Ballestra North America, Marrietta, GA
Science behind Technology
20
www.desmetballestra.com