K. V. Petrides

Trait emotional intelligence

K.V. Petrides

London Psychometric Laboratory Department of Psychology, University College London, UK E-mail: [email protected]

www.psychometriclab.com

Google: trait EI October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Aims

• To give an indication of the main divisions of the research programme • To mention, as opposed to explain, core research findings – All papers are downloadable from www.psychometriclab.com

• To bring to your attention the range of assessment materials available via LPL October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Background & milestones

• Thornike’s ‘social intelligence’.

• Gardner’s (1983) ‘multiple intelligences’.

– Intrapersonal intelligence – Interpersonal intelligence • ‘Emotional intelligence’ as a term appears in Greenspan (1989), Leuner (1966), Payne (1986).

• Salovey & Mayer (1990) • Goleman (1995) • Petrides and colleagues (2000-) – Trait EI versus Ability EI – Trait emotional intelligence research programme October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Operationalization of EI

• Two crucial issues are involved in the operationalization of EI (and of any other construct): – What is the sampling domain of construct?

– How do we measure the various components of the sampling domain?

• Until recently – and even now – the first question was resolved by having as many sampling domains and EI definitions as researchers in the field.

• Until recently – and even now – the second question was not even considered, with researchers assuming that the use of

self-report

or

maximum-performance

implications for operationalization.

tests has no October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI vs ability EI

• •

Ability EI

(or ‘cognitive-emotional ability’) in theory encompasses emotion-related cognitive abilities and should be measured via maximum-performance tests (although this has not proved possible).

Trait EI

(or ‘trait emotional self-efficacy’) encompasses emotion-related dispositions and self perceptions and should be measured via self-report questionnaires.

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI vs ability EI II

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KV Petrides

Veridical scoring in IQ tests

Nonverbal analogies Raven’s matrices

•

The existence of single, invariant, and objectively derived correct response is a defining characteristic of intelligence testing.

K. V. Petrides

Operationalization of ability EI

• If ability EI is a new cognitive ability, then items or tasks with emotional content need to be developed such that they can be scored according to truly veridical criteria.

• In other words, the construct

in its entirety

ought to be assessed through items that can be responded to correctly or incorrectly. • Is it possible to develop EI items along cognitive ability lines? – NO: emotional experience is inherently subjective (Brody, 2004; Locke, 2005; Pérez, Petrides, & Furnham, 2005; Watson, 2000).

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

MSCEIT II

• • • • • • •

Brody, N. (2004)

. What cognitive intelligence is and what emotional intelligence is not.

Psychological Inquiry, 15,

234-238.

Conte, J. M. (2005).

A review and critique of emotional intelligence measures.

Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26,

433-440.

Keele, S. M. & Bell, R. C. (2008)

. The factorial validity of emotional intelligence: An unresolved issue.

Personality and individual differences, 44

, 487-500.

Ortony, A., Revelle, W., & Zinbarg, R. (2007)

. Why emotional intelligence needs a fluid component. In G. Matthews, M. Zeidner, & R. D. Roberts (Eds.),

The science of emotional intelligence. Knowns and unknowns

- Series in Affective Science (pp.288-304). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

O’Sullivan, M., & Ekman, P. (2005)

.

Facial expression recognition and emotional intelligence

. In G. Geher, (Ed.). Measuring emotional intelligence: Common ground and controversy. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishing.

Rossen, E., Kranzler, J. H., & Algina, J. (2008)

Personality and Individual Differences, 44,

. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test V2.0 (MSCEIT). 1258-1269

.

Wilhelm, O. (2005)

. Measures of emotional intelligence: practice and standards. In R. Schulze, & R. D. Roberts (Eds.),

International handbook of emotional intelligence

(pp. 131-154). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.

K. V. Petrides

Trait emotional intelligence

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI

• Trait emotional intelligence is a constellation of emotion-related self-perceptions located at the lower levels of personality hierarchies (Petrides, Pita, & Kokkinaki, 2007).

• The trait EI sampling domain aims to provide comprehensive coverage of the emotion-related aspects of personality.

• Trait EI rejects the notion that emotions can be artificially objectified in order to be made amenable to veridical scoring, along IQ lines.

• An alternative label for the construct is “trait emotional self-efficacy”.

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

The sampling domain of trait EI

• Petrides & Furnham (2001;

EJP

): October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue , TEIQue-SF, TEIQue-ASF, TEIQue-CF,TEIQue 360 o )

• 153 items, 15 subscales, 4 factors, global trait EI score.

• TEIQue translations – Greek – French – Spanish – Chinese – Portuguese – Dutch – Norwegian – Croatian – Serbian – Italian • Theory-based • Research-based • Peer-reviewed • Open-access • TEIQue-SF – 30 items, global trait EI score • Adolescent TEIQue-ASF • TEIQue 360 o October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides Trait EI factor structure

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI: Experimental studies

Petrides & Furnham, 2003;

EJP

Tension & Depression Anger & Vigour Confusion & Total POMS N = 30; Residualized Trait EI scores October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI and academic performance I

Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID

KV Petrides

Trait EI and academic performance II

+1

SD

+1

SD

Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID

Trait EI

KV Petrides

and academic performance III

Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID

Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; PAID

Trait EI and behaviour at school

• Pupils with high trait EI scores tend to have fewer unauthorised absences (

truancy

).

• Pupils with high trait EI scores are less likely have been expelled from their school for serious breaches of discipline (

exclusions

).

<.05

<.05

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Mavroveli, Petrides, Rieffe, & Bakker, 2007; BJDP

Self- and other-ratings of trait EI

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI in children I

Mavroveli, Petrides, Shove, & Whitehead, 2008; ECAP

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K. V. Petrides

Trait EI in children II

Mavroveli, Petrides, Shove, & Whitehead, 2008; ECAP

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Trait EI in children III

Mavroveli, Petrides, Sangareau, & Furnham, 2009; BJEP

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Trait EI and teen self-harm

Mikolajczak, Petrides, & Hurry, 2009; BJHP

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Trait EI and communicative anxiety

L1; N = 425 L2; N = 406 Dewaele, Petrides, & Furnham, 2008; Language Learning

October 2009, NTU Taipei

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Trait EI in Asperger’s Syndrome

October 2009, NTU Taipei

Behavioral genetics of trait EI

July 2009, Athens GREECE

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI and big five – Genetic analysis

N E O A C Vernon, Villani, Aitken Schermer, & Petrides, 2008; TRHG

October 2009, NTU Taipei

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Trait EI and humor styles – Genetic analysis October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Gender differences in trait EI • Overall, small or non-existent gender differences in global trait EI scores.

TEIQue data; N = 351; p = ns Modified EQ-i data; N = 166; p < .01 TEIQue-SF data; N = 668; p < .01 Schutte et al. scale data; N = 260; p = ns

K. V. Petrides

Incremental validity of trait EI

N = 200 N = 212; Spain

K. V. Petrides

Trait SI - Definition • The domain of SI lacks the objectivity required to be amenable to maximum performance measurement.

• Trait SI (or trait social self-efficacy) is a constellation of social self perceptions located at the lower levels of hierarchical personality structures.

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

The sampling domain of trait SI

• Sampling domain:

Negotiating Perspective taking Communicative anxiety Networking Savoir vivre Social forecasting Social relationships Social confidence Social attentiveness Managing others Understanding others Social desirability Teamwork/coop eration Social adaptability Social interest/social empathy

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides Trait Social Intelligence Questionnaire (v. 1.5) (TSIQue & TSIQue-SF)

• Internal consistencies are high at all levels.

• Factor structure – 15 facets – 3 factors (Social acting, Social thinking, Social relating) – Global trait SI All versions and forms available free for research purposes October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides The trait intelligences research program Research divisions

Psychometric Educational Industrial/Organizational Child/Human Development Behavioral Genetic

Students PhD:

E. Cole

BA, BSc, MA, MSc, MPhil International links

UK, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, India, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain.

Current & past funding bodies

ESRC Nuffield Foundation British Academy University of London

www

www.psychometriclab.com

October 2009, NTU Taipei