Transcript T-DAP MAP 32 - Centennial College

T-DAP MAP 32
WPP
Agenda
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Toyota General Information
Nameplates
 VIN
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Fire Safety
 Vehicle Dimensions
 Tools & Measurement
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Toyota Nameplates
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Found on cowl panel
Information
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Model
Engine type
VIN/Frame number
Body colour
Trim code
Transmission code
Axle code
Plant name code
Since 1989 – replaced with door certification label
VIN Breakdown
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All VIN numbers (Vehicle Identification
Numbers) have been 17 digits (alphanumeric) since 1981
JT2BA02E3T0123450
 What do all the positions mean?
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VIN Breakdown
What year is it?
 1980 started with “A”
 2001 started with “1”
 2010 will start with “A” again
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Fire Safety
Types of Fire Extinguishers
 Classes
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Vehicle Dimensions
Tools & Safety
Hand Tools
 SSTs
 Measuring Tools
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Vernier Calipers
Is considered a precision measuring tool
as it can provide information to
hundredths of millimeters and
thousandths of inches
 “Vernier” means small moveable scale
that runs parallel to a fixed scale
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Vernier Calipers
Vernier Calipers
Vernier Calipers
Vernier Calipers
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Proper use
Vernier Calipers
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Proper use
Vernier Calipers
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Proper use
Vernier Calipers
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Proper use
Vernier Calipers
Vernier Calipers
Vernier Calipers
Vernier Calipers
Vernier Calipers
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applet
Micrometers
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Two types
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Inside and outside micrometers
Used to measure inner and outer diameters
respectively
 Precision vs. verniers
Micrometers
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Construction
Micrometers
Micrometers
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How does it work?
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As the thimble turns on it’s threads, if the
pitch of the thread is 1mm, for each
revolution of the thimble, the spindle moves 1
mm
Therefore, the markings on the thimble are
divisions of 1mm.
What do the markings on the outer sleeve
represent?
Micrometers
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Zeroing/calibration
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Dealing with rotating parts
Must make sure, for accuracy sake that
micrometers are calibrated
Clean surfaces
Use ratchet stopper! (I mean properly use)
Use calibration block (usually comes with mic)
Use lock clamp
Line up zero with index line
Micrometers
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Zeroing!
Micrometers
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Reading micrometers
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Make sure micrometer is type you want e.g.
imperial/metric
Take note of micrometer size e.g. 0-200mm,
200-400mm, 50-250mm, 0-1 inch,3-4 inch
Use ratchet end slowly to fit mic to object
Close lock clamp
Micrometers
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Reading micrometers
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From the scale above the index line, note the
number of whole units
Note the number of partial units below the
index line
From the index line, note the reading on the
thimble
Add together to get reading
Micrometers
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http://members.shaw.ca/ron.blond/Micrometer
.APPLET/
Micrometers
Micrometers
Micrometers
Micrometers
Micrometers
Micrometers
Ten-thousandths?
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Some micrometers have another
vernier style scale to measure to the
ten-thousandths of an inch
Ten-thousandths?
PMI Care
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Proper use and care
Always wipe tool clean
Always zero
Ensure tool in good working condition
Ensure surfaces are clean and dry *
Never force tool
When storing – clean & dry, use WD-40
Store open – let air circulate
Never touch tips
Inside Micrometers
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Reads same way as micrometer (same
scales, lines etc.)
More difficult to use
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Make sure you know starting length!
Open mic until touches and make sure
you are on true plane
Position correctly
Inside Micrometers
Inside Micrometers
Depth Micrometers
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Reads same way as micrometer (same
scales, lines etc.)
Used for determining depth
Can add/remove rods
Depth Micrometers
Telescoping Gauges
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Used for measuring bore diameters
and other clearances
Also called “snap gauges”
Available in small (small bore gauges)
up to 6”
Telescoping Gauges
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Consists of two
telescoping springloaded plungers
A handle
Lock screw
* Small bore
gauges are slightly
different
Telescoping Gauges
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To use:
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Compress plungers
Lightly tighten lock screw
Install into bore
Loosen lock screw; plungers expand
tighten lock screw
Measure with micrometer or other proper
measuring instrument
Telescoping Gauges
Telescoping Gauges
Telescoping Gauges
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Do not:
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Open lock screw and allow plungers to
open all the way unobstructed
Over tighten the lock screw
Treat the same as a PMI
Dial indicators
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Used for measuring movement
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Consists of a body with outer ring
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Runout, parallelism, flatness etc.
Body has connection for mounting
Stem and spindle (tips)
Pointer and revolution counter
Dial indicators
Dial indicators
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Magnetic Stand
Vice grips and flexible stand
Rigid clamp stand
Dial indicators
Dial indicators
Dial indicators
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Important to make sure spindle is at
90° to the item being measured
Adjust zero point
May count above and below zero line
Use “V” blocks for measuring shaft
runout (cam/crank etc.)
Dial indicators
Dial indicators
Dial indicators
Cylinder Gauge
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Used to measure bore diameters with
greater accuracy
Works similar to inside micrometer but
with dial gauge and spring loaded
measuring point
Cylinder Gauge
Cylinder Gauge
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Care must be taken to accurately calibrate
tool with washers and rods
How to measure
Measure work with vernier to select correct
washer and rod
Set micrometer to decided length and place
cylinder gauge in micrometer. Zero gauge.
Gauge is now exact to micrometer reading.
Place tool in work. Move tool to find lowest
point. This gives accurate and centered
reading
Cylinder Gauge
Cylinder Gauge
Feeler Gauges
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Thin strip of metal or plastic of known
and closely controlled thickness
Usually come in a set where desired
thickness can be pivoted out to use
Uses
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Piston ring end gap, clearances, endplay,
spark plug gap
Feeler Gauges
Feeler Gauges
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Special gauges made from plastic and
brass for use on magnetic parts eg.
Crank/speed sensors
Special round-wire gauge for spark
plug
Straightedge
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A precise machined bar, totally flat and
straight used to check flat surfaces
Cylinder head, block
Used with feeler gauge to determine
warpage
Straightedge
Torque
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Definition: “A turning or twisting force”
Torque is a twisting force equal to the
distance from the pivot point, times the
force applied
Expressed in N-m (newton-metres) or
lb-ft (pound feet)
Note: Newtons are sometimes replaced
by kilograms or kg giving kg-m. * Watch
because 1 N = 9.8kg
Torque
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Q: What is a torque wrench?
A: It makes sure that big, burly
mechanics and those of slighter builds
agree on when a bolt is “tight.”
Based on Hooke’s Law that simply
states, “the extension of a spring (or
other stretch object) is directly
proportional to the force acting on it”
Torque
Torque
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Calibrated scale measures beams
bend
Torque
Torque
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4 types of torque wrenches in various ranges
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Beam (like previous slides) – old, not highly
accurate
Click type – most common – wrench emits audible
“click” when desired torque reached
Dial type – has a “dial indicator” style gauge that
points to the amount of torque exerted on the
wrench (some have light/buzzer)
Digital – displays torque digitally (may have
light/buzzer)
Torque wrench - beam
Torque wrench - clicker
Torque wrench - clicker
Torque wrench - clicker
Torque wrench - dial
Torque wrench - dial
Torque wrench – use for accurate
readings
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Specs – make sure you find PROPER specs
Mentally divide reading by 3
Hold torque wrench at 90° to fastener
Tighten to 1/3 torque
Tighten to 2/3 torque
Tighten to torque value -10
Tighten to torque value
Recheck torque
Torque wrench – Do’s
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Use at 90° to fastener
Grip properly at handle
In vertical applications, push down not
pull up
Use good sockets
Use smooth motion
Zero torque and release tension after
use
Torque wrench – Don’ts
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“jerk” the torque wrench
Continue after torque setting achieved
Use a torque wrench for loosening
fasteners
Use cheater bars – torque values
distorted
Torque wrench - cautions
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Avoid use of torque wrench at limits
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accuracy
Torque wrench - calibration
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Torque wrenches can go out of
calibration
Responsibility of tool owner to calibrate
Usually based on use not just time
Torque wrench - adapters
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Adding adapters to a torque wrench will
change torque value
Demo
Using socket extensions – 6”
Torque wrench
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Adding adapters to a torque wrench will
change torque value
Demo
Using socket extensions – 6”