Transcript Document

BIOCHAIN WORKSHOP 2014 JAN27-29
Characterisation of the organic pools in biomass and the
related biochemical methane potential (BMP)
Ali Heidarzadeh
January 2014
Objectives
• Developing a method/instrument that in real time assess
biochemical methane potential (BMP) of agricultural biomass
• Developing a method to define the organic carbon pools
affecting biogas production and GHG emission, and the
change in pool size during anaerobic digestion.
Activities
Activity 1: Pretreatment effect
Beet root and ensilage effect
Activity 2: Running batch and pilot-scale CSTR
Agricultural biomasses and manures, change in content of organic
components and defining carbon pools in relation to degradability.
Activity 3: Developing fast analytical methods
NIR (Methane potential & organic pools)
Activity 4: Effect of vegetation age
BMP as affected by lignification and cellulose crystallization
Types of Biomasses in WP3
Source: http://www.riomay.com/renewable-technologies/biomass-energy
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Agricultural crops and residues
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Sewage
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Municipal organic solid waste
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Animal residues
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Industrial organic waste
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Forestry crops and residues
Types of Biomasses studied in my research
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Source: http://www.riomay.com/renewable-technologies/biomass-energy
Livestock by-products
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Animal manures
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Abattoir
Agricultural Lignocellulosic biomass
Energy crop (beet roots, maise, etc.)
Crop residues ( Straw, beet top etc.)
Activity 1
Objectives:
• Effect of ensilage of beet root pulps on methane potentials and
changes in organic pools for biogas production.
• Effect of depth on beet roots pulp silage characteristics and BMP
• Effect of silos type (close and open) on ensilaged beet roots
characteristics and BMP
Table 1. Presenting the characterisation schedule of biomass in the study of beet root biogas
production potential.
Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP)
BMP is reliable and simple method to obtain:
• Extent of organic matter conversion
• Rate of organic matter conversion
The information from BMP test is useful when:
• Assessing potential substrates
• Optimizing the design of an anaerobic digester
• Functioning of an anaerobic digester
BMP application:
• Methane production determination
• Biodegradability
Factors affecting BMP
Inoculum
Substrate
Experimental and operational conditions
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pH
Inoculum to substrate ratio (I/S ratio)
Temperature
Mineral Medium
BMP Protocol (German Standard Method, VDI 4630)
Substrate
Inoculum
Inhibition
pH
Minerals
To avoid the inhibition:
• I/S ratio is at least 2/1 on the VS basis
• Using buffer solution
Inoculum (German Standard Method, VDI 4630)
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2.
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Origin
Characterisation: pH, TS, VS, VFAs, TAN
Inoculum concentration between 15 and 20 gVS/L
VS content of inoculum should be more than 50% of the solid content
Physicochemical analysis
Substrate (German Standard Method, VDI 4630)
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Type (part and particle size)
Amount and concentration at start-up of the experiment
The gas yield from substrate should make up more than 80% of the total
gas
The solid content of the batch should not exceeded 10%
Physicochemical analysis
Fiber extraction
Control batch and gas quantification
(German Standard Method, VDI 4630)
Reference sample and control batch:
• Not ferment too quickly
• Completely degradedable
• A gas quantity produced in the control test should reach 80% of
theoretical value
Gas quantification:
• Total biogas mesurement:
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Manometric, by pressure
Volumetric, by water displacement or gas counter
Gas bags
Syringe
• Biogas composition:
 Gas Chromatography (GC)
VDI 4630 Conditions
• Mesophilic, 37˚C or Thermophilic 55˚C
• I/S ratio is at least 2/1 on the VS basis
• Using buffer solution
• Inoculum concentration between 15 and 20 gVS/L
• VS content of inoculum should be more than 50% of the solid content
• The solid content of the batch should not exceeded 10%
Activity 2
Objectives:
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Study transformation of organic components in biogas digesters
Provide kinetic constants for the dynamic biogas production model for
WP1 and WP2
Study effect of retention time and pretreatment
Evaluation of GHG with collaboration of and WP4
Table 2. Presenting the characterisation schedule of biomass in the CSTR study.
Activity 3
Objectives:
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Developing a robust model for rapid determination of BMP and related
organic pools of animal manure using NIR. (FTIR-TGA may be tested)
Study of ultimate digestability and digestion rate of each organic pool in
animal manure in anaerobic digestion.
Obtaining NIR spectra using a rotating sampler
NIR spectra
Activity 4
Objectives:
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Study the effect of physiological age of plant biomass on lignification and
cellulose crystallization
Study the effect of vegetation age of plant biomass contributing to a low BMP
in old biomass
Characterisation by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA)
Table 3. Characterisation of samples included in the plant age test.
Cellulose Crystallisation
TGA Curve
Thanks for your attention