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Present
Preterit
Imperfect
Perfect tenses
Progressive tenses
Future
Conditional
corremos
We run
pienso
I think
You
comes
eat
camina
They
vango
He
canta
sings
The present tense is formed as
follows:
yo
hablar
habl o
comer
com o
vivir
vivo
tú
hablas
com es
viv es
él
habla
com e
vive
nosotros
hablamos
com emos
viv imos
ellos
hablan
com en
viven
There are many irregular “yo” forms in
the present tense. Some are:
tener:
salir:
traer:
dar:
saber:
decir:
tengo
salgo
traigo
doy
sé
digo
venir: vengo
hacer: hago
caer: caigo
estar: estoy
poner: pongo
oír: oigo
Can you think of any others?
She eats apples
Ella come manzanas
We live in Chicago.
Nosotros vivimos en Chicago
corrimos
We ran
caminó
I suddenly
pensé
comiste
You ate thought
They
fueron
went
He
cantó
sang
The preterit tense is formed as
follows:
yo
hablar
habl é
comer
com í
vivir
viví
tú
hablaste
com iste
viv iste
él
habló
com ió
vivió
nosotros
hablamos
com imos
viv imos
ellos
hablaron
com ieron
vivieron
There are numerous irregulars in the
preterit. There is a pattern to some,
though. Note the following endings:
yo e nosotros
tú iste
él o
ellos
imos
ieron
They work with the following verbs:
poder traer
decir
poner
estar tener saber querer
hacer venir andar
Do you remember the stems that these
verbs change to before adding the
endings?
pudtrajtuvsupanduv-
dijpusquis- hic-
estuvvin-
Two exceptions are “traj” and “dij” in
which you add “eron” instead of “ieron”
in the “ellos” form.
Other irregulars in preterit include:
SER/IR
DAR
di
diste
dio
fui
fuimos
fuiste
fue
fueron
HABER
dimos
dieron
hubo
Don’t forget in third person, some
verbs stem change, ie; murió,
durmieron, pidió, sirvieron, etc.
She ate apples
Ella comió manzanas
We lived in Chicago.
Nosotros vivimos en Chicago
We
corríamos
I pensaba
thought
used to
Youcomías
always ate
run
caminaba
They were
iban
going
He cantaba
would sing
The imperfect tense is formed as
follows:
yo
hablar
habl aba
comer
com ía
vivir
vivía
tú
hablabas
com ías
viv ías
él
hablaba
com ía
vivía
nosotros
hablábamos com íamos
viv íamos
ellos
hablaban
vivían
com ían
There are only 3 irregulars in the
imperfect:
IR => iba
SER => era
VER => veía
*Imperfect generally indicates action
that was going on over a period of
time. It also sets the scene and
describes. In English it can translate
to : ”used to” and “was doing.”
She used to eat apples.
Ella comía manzanas
We used to live in Chicago.
Nosotros vivíamos en
Chicago.
We have
run
hemos
corrido
I he
have
pensado
thought
You had
habías
comido
eaten
They
hadido
gone
habían
ha caminado
He hadcantado
había
sung
The perfect tenses are made up of
two parts: “haber” and the “past
participle.” The forms of “haber” are:
yo
tú
él
nosotros
ellos
Present
Past (imp.)
he
has
ha
hemos
han
había
habías
había
habíamos
habían
The participle is formed as follows:
-ar verbs= -ado
-er, -ir verbs= -ido
However, there are some irregulars:
decir-> dicho
poner-> puesto
escribir-> escrito
romper-> roto
cubrir-> cubierto
hacer-> hecho
abrir-> abierto
volver-> vuelto
ver-> visto
morir-> muerto
*any verb ending with the same as above
will share the irregular ending, ie: imponer=
impuesto
Present perfect
means:“has or
have done something”
For example:
he comido = I have eaten
has escrito = You have written
hemos ido = We have gone
She has eaten apples.
Ella ha comido manzanas.
We had lived in Chicago.
Nosotros habíamos vivido en
Chicago.
Estamos
We
are
eating
Estaba
I
was
thinking
comiendo
pensando
Estaba
He was
corriendo
Está
running
caminando
Estaban
They areesperando
waiting
The progressive tenses are made of
two things: “estar” and the “present
participle”
estar
present participle
present: está
-ar => -ando
preterit: estuvo -er => -iendo
imperfect: estaba -ir => -iendo
They only irregular (que yo sepa) is IR
which goes to “yendo.”
She is eating apples. (right now)
Ella está comiendo manzanas.
We were living in Chicago.
Nosotros estábamos viviendo
en Chicago.
Comeremos
We will eat
I will think
Pensaré
You
Cantarás
will sing
Caminará
Correrá
He will run
Esperarán
They will wait
The future tense is formed as
follows:
yo
hablar
hablar é
comer
comer é
vivir
vivir é
tú
hablar ás
comerás
vivirás
él
hablar á
comerá
vivir á
nosotros
hablar emos comeremos
ellos
hablar án
comer án
viviremos
vivir án
Some irregulars in the future are:
querer-> querr- salir-> saldrhacer-> hartener-> tendrdecir-> dirhaber->habrpoder->podr- venir-> vendrponer-> pondrThe normal endings are added to
the stems above instead of the
infinitive.
She will eat apples.
Ella comerá manzanas.
We will live in Chicago.
Nosotros viviremos en
Chicago.
Comeríamos
We would eat
IPensaría
would think
YouCantarías
would
sing
Caminaría
He
Correría
would run
Esperarían
They would wait
The conditional tense is formed as
follows:
comer
comer ía
vivir
viviría
tú
hablar ías comerías
vivirías
él
hablar ía
vivir ía
nosotros
hablar íamos comeríamos viviríamos
ellos
hablar ían
yo
hablar
hablaría
comería
comer ían vivir ían
The conditional shares the
irregular stems of the future
tense.
querr
podrpondr
vendrdirsaldrtendr
harhabr---
She would eat apples.
Ella comería manzanas.
We would live in Chicago.
Nosotros viviríamos en
Chicago.
I will go to the park.
Iré al parque. or Voy al parque.
We have seen the light.
Hemos visto la luz.
You wrote a letter yesterday.
Escribiste una carta ayer.
Alex used to visit often.
Alex visitaba a menudo.
You all would buy a car, but…
Uds. comprarían un coche, pero...
Katie & Sylvia are eating in class.
Katie & Sylvia están comiendo en
clase or comen en clase.
Sara has been singing in the car.
Sara ha estado cantando en el coche.
You will want a bite (mordisco).
Querrás un mordisco.
Matt would have seen the accident
if…Matt habría visto el accidente si...
Lauren will have been running for
10 miles (millas). Lauren habrá estado
corriendo por 10 millas.