Transcript Husbands and Wives - Dr. Crihfield's Website

Husbands and Wives
THEMATIC POWER POINT #2
CHAPTERS 10-17
JULEAH AIKEN
AP AMERICAN HISTORY
Chapter 10
Expansion and limits of suffrage (265)
 Patriarchal belief that men headed households and represented the interests of all
household members
 Denial of suffrage to white women
 Even wealthy single women who lived alone were considered subordinate
 Politics
 Presidents’ wives were famous for providing the social setting for which their
husbands would conduct business
 Dolley Madison and Abigail Adams
 Women ran the Washington boardinghouses- the place where most congressmen
lived during their legislative term
 They were valuable sources of information and official contacts for the boarders.
 The wives of politicians (just local and state )were very actively involved in political
activities
 The informal involvement increased for women
 Men soon started to ignore the women and started viewing their activity as
inappropriate
 Politically active women resented this
Chapter 10 cont.
A strong executive (271)
 Jackson’s secretary of war, John Henry Eaton,
married a flamboyant woman
 She was ‘unfit’ for society of that time
 The ladies of Washington shunned her
 This hardened the social life of the cabinet members
 Jackson’s wife (Rachel) would have helped Peggy
Eaton
Chapter 11
The challenge to survive (302)
 African American pregnant women were undernourished
 They gave birth to 6-8 children all very close in age
 Fanny Kemble
 British actress that moved to her husband’s plantation in GA.
 Shocked by the treatment of slaves.
From cradle to grave (304) (slaves)
 Men were generally field slaves
 Women were cooks, maids, seamstresses, weavers, and nurses
 Men’s slave jobs achieved skill status
 The women did not get this because generally, the tasks that they perform are not considered
skills
 Slave Families
 No southern state recognized slave marriages in law
 Slave owners encouraged slave marriages because it formed unity and made slave rebellions
less likely
 Also economically so that they would have a baby slave soon
 Slave marriages were more equal
 Raise children the right way, one big large family
Chapter 11 cont
Free African Americans (310)
 Life was especially difficult for female-headed families because only
the most menial work was available for them
 Poor White People (312)
 Their relationships were either to help each other out or trying to
show which one had more power
The Natchez (315)
 The planter elite rationalize their use of slaves and the submissions
the wives accomplished
 Laid burdens on plantations mistresses
 Spent most of live tending to the family members
 Hostess
 The master was head of the household
 Many southern women suffered from isolation
Chapter 12
Rural Life: The Springer Family (327)
 Slaves and Elizabeth Springer work together to get
things done
 Tasks were passed down from their fathers
Patriarchy in Family, Work, and Society
 Organized around one work
 Strict and unquestionable authority by the man of
the house
 Men had all legal rights and women had no rights
pretty much whatsoever
Chapter 12 cont
Mechanization and Women’s Work
 Posed a major threat to skilled male workers
 The garment industry
 Men and women’s roles changed in society
Motherhood
 Children needed a new kind of upbringing
 Many changes took place with the men and women’s
roles, feelings, and beliefs
 Mothers were used for raising the children, but the
fathers got the primary decision
Chapter 13
Seneca Falls: Women reformers (352)
 1848 a convention was held to discuss the rights of women
 Men had deprived women of:
 legal rights
 Property rights
 Custody of children in the case of a divorce
 Right to higher education
 Right to vote
 Full participation in religious activity
 Over 300 people (both men and women) showed up for the 2 day convention over
women’s rights
 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott were main influences on women’s
reformation
 They wanted change in the household that would allow for women to still take care
of the household but also correct the wrongdoings of society
 Communities all over America started forming groups to help solve the problems
Chapter 13 cont
Urban Popular Culture (359)
 Men found violence in theatres because women rarely joined
 Only prostitutes came, and would meet men in the third tier of the balcony to meet
their needs
 By 1830, more respectable men started going to better theatres and bringing wives
and daughters
Education and women teachers (366-367)
 Churches were deeply involved with the reform movements
 Married couples were extremely involved
 Mothers gathered to raise children as ‘true Christians’
 Women had a dominate occupation in school teaching because it was believed that
the classroom should be a happy place and feel like home, so women took the role of
the teacher
Temperance (368)
 Heavy drinking men hurt their families by spending money on alcohol and not on
taking care of the family
 Laws gave men complete financial control over households
 Divorce was hard and socially unacceptable
 Martha Washington groups formed to help with the problem
Chapter 14
The Fur Trade (389)
 “mountain men”
 Maintained long lasting Indian marriages
 The Indian women helped with getting the furs
 Served as diplomats between the two worlds
 The overland trails (394)
 Families traveled 2,000 miles to the west coast
 This could be very trying times for families
 Men would help other widows with their wagons in event
of death
 Women would nurse and take care of babies who parents
died
Chapter 14 cont
Oregon (396)
 The donation land claim act of 1850 gave over 640
acres to each married couple to settle
 Had to live as a community to survive
Santa Fe (398)
 American merchants married daughters of important
families to get frontier contracts
Chapter 15
Cultural Life and Social Issues (421)
 Stowe married a congregational minister and wrote a
novel about the evils of slavery
 She wrote many things about families and issues
 The political parties and changes in politics most
likely caused distress in marital relations
 The succession of the southern states for the cause of
slavery would be presumed to either
 strengthen or
 weaken the relationship between husband and wife
Chapter 16
The Border States (452)
 Families were split
 Mary Todd Lincoln
 The president’s wife
 Three brothers of Kentucky died fighting for the confederacy
The Black Response (464)
 Slaves were contraband of war
 67 escaped slaves (both men and women) showed up and were used
to help build and work for the north
The front lines and the home front (467)
 Soldiers wrote millions of letters home
 More than any war in American history
 These letters and the ones that they received in return linked the
battlefield and the home
Chapter 16 cont
Army Nurses (468)

Medical supplies were provided by United states sanitary commission for the north

Women’s volunteer groups supplied the south with medical supplies throughout the war
Urgent need for skilled nurses to help the

Wounded

Convalescent

Nursing considered a female’s job

As opposed to the male counterpart’s job of fighting in the war and ‘protecting’ the family
Taking care of strange men

Strong objections

They thought it was unfit for a respectable woman
Wartime necessity

Doctors did not want to give women that were just like their wives or daughters any authority

But they still became army nurses

It soon became a suitable job for middle class women instead of just underclass
Northern Nurses- wives and daughters became nurses

Under Dorthea Dix and vocal support of Mother Bickerdyke

More than 3,000 had worked as paid nurses

Many volunteers

Ellen Ruggles

Her husband objected her being a nurse

Clara Barton worked with members of congress

Distribute supplies and force reforms
Southern Nurses- wives and daughters became nurses

Never had any big organizations

Roadside hospitals

The civil war marked an important breakthrough in prewar traditions

Before the war, southern ladies were less actively involved in the community than the northern ladies.
Chapter 16 cont.
The life of the common soldier (469)
 Men had to fend for themselves and make food instead of having
their wife do it
 In the seven days battles one soldier describes an instance where
both sides lay their weapons down and got food from the fields
The failure of southern nationalism (471)
 Due to the need of need of military, the bureaucracy consisted
partially of women called “government girls”
 Women being paid and in the workforce was not welcomed at all
 Food prices jumped and starving families could not afford to feed
their kids
 Poor men and women could barely make it work when rich men and
women lived prosperously
Chapter 17
Woman suffrage and reconstruction (491)
 The women were displeased with the 14th and 15th
amendments because they supported blacks and their
right to vote and it still said male…
 They didn’t want to enfranchise all the men with all the
political power and have none for the women
 NWSA’s magazine, Revolution, wrote feminist ideas on
 Divorce laws
 Unequal pay
 Property rights
 Marriage
Chapter 17 cont
The meaning of freedom (492)
 Slaves would not tip their hat to old masters and
mistresses
 They wouldn’t move for the old mistresses or masters to
walk and the whites got very offended
 The freedman’s bureau designated the husband as the
head of the household
 People would use bible quotes that wives should submit
to their husbands
 African Americans denied slavery by insisting their wives
worked at home instead of on the fields
 Southern planters complained about the scarcity of
women and children for work
Vocabulary 10-12
 Suffrage- the right to vote
 Flamboyant- showy and dashing in a self-satisfied way
 Kitchen Cabinet- a group of senior officials appointed by
a president, prime minister, or other government leader
to advise on policy
 Paternalistic- a style of government or management, or
an approach to personal relationships, in which the
desire to help, advise, and protect may neglect individual
choice and personal responsibility
 Industrialization- to adapt a country or group to
industrial methods of production and manufacturing,
with all the accompanying social changes, or to be
adapted in this way
Vocabulary 13-15
 Mountain men- men that were employed by




American companies but lived in the wilderness
catching and trapping; usually had relationships
with natives
Pioneer- the first people to explore a territory
Wagon train- a line of two or more animal-drawn
wagons traveling cross-country and carrying people,
food supplies, or goods
Temperance- total abstinence from alcoholic drink
Prostitute- someone who is paid for sexual
intercourse
Vocabulary 16-17
 Vocation (nurse)- career: the particular occupation




for which you are trained
Sanitary commission- official agency of the United
States government to coordinate the volunteer
efforts of women who wanted to contribute to the
war effort of the Union
Widow- a woman whose spouse has died
Widower - A man whose spouse has died
Mistress/ mastor- the people that have authority
over others (slaves)
People Chapter 10-12
 Peggy Eaton (271) - She married a member of the
cabinet and was shunned for her showy lifestyle.
Nobody stood up for her minus her husband, John
Henry Eaton.
 Fanny Kemble (302) – She was a British actress that
came to live with her husband on a Georgia
plantation. She was astounded by the way pregnant
slaves were treated.
People Chapter 13-15
 Elizabeth Cady Stanton
 She was the wife of a well known orator that opposed
slavery. She fought for women’s suffrage and for the
reformation.
 Jim Beckwourth and Crow Woman
 He was a legendary fur trapper that married a Crow
woman and became a part of the tribe, later to be
accepted as the chief.
People 16-17
 “Mother” Bickerdyke- She was a middle-aged widow that
went to Calico to help the boys in battle with cleaning the
hospitals and such. All the men respected her for all her
hard work in keeping everything going. She was unfazed
by much that was going on around her and said that she
was just “doing the Lord’s work”.
 Mary and Abe Lincoln- she was the wife of President Abe
Lincoln and had controversy in her family over the civil
war. Her three brothers died while fighting for the
confederacy. She supported her husband throughout the
entire war and was with him when he was assassinated.
Multiple Choice Questions
CHAPTERS 10-12
ANSWERS
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. A
1. During this time, the household was mainly:
A. Matriarchal
B. Patriarchal
C. All the above
D. None of the above
2. When white women wanted to vote, what
happened?
A. They were denied
B. They were granted
C. They were only allowed to do it sometimes
D. They never wanted to in the first place
3. What were the President’s wives famous for?
A. Keeping the white house well decorated
B. Being good listeners
C. Preparing for political meetings
D. Saving famous paintings
4. Who were valuable sources of information for
the boarders of Washington’s boardinghouses?
A. The boarders themselves
B. Congress
C. Other people like that
D. Their wives
5. Who did John Henry Eaton marry?
A. A classy girl
B. A very young girl
C. A shy girl
D. A flashy girl
6. What did female slaves usually do?
A. Cook
B. Seamstress
C. Weave
D. All the above
7. ____ southern states recognized slave
marriages in law
 No
 All
 Some
 Not many
8. Why did slave owners encourage marriage?
A. They like weddings
B. It would hurt the economy
C. They wouldn’t run away as easily and they’ll make
baby slaves
D. None of the above
9. What did many southern women suffer from?
A. Skin cancer
B. Isolation
C. Depression
D. Anorexia
What thing changed the industry?
A. The garment
B. Gas
C. Oil
D. Mass produced shoes
Multiple Choice
CHAPTERS 13-15
ANSWERS
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. A
1. A convention was held to discuss the rights
of women in:
A. Washington DC
B. Pennsylvania
C. Seneca Falls
D. Charleston
2. Men had deprived women of everything
except:
A. legal rights
B. Custody of children in the case of a divorce
C. Right to higher education
D. Right to take over if they died
3. More respectable men started going to better
theatres and bringing wives and daughters in
what year?
A. 1830
B. 1840
C. 1850
D. 1860
4. What occupation became dominate for women
during this time period?
A. nurse
B. schoolteacher
C. receptionist
D. secretary
5. What made many men neglect their family’s
needs?
A. Marijuana
B. Slave trades
C. Prostitutes
D. Alcohol
6. What were the groups called that were formed
to help build temperance in families?
A. George Washington Groups (GWG)
B. Martha Washington Groups
C. Dolley Madison Society (DMS)
D. Temperance Groups
7. Indian women whom married fur traders
served what helpful purpose?
A. Diplomats between the cultures
B. Raising mixed children
C. Surviving through the winter
D. They did not serve any helpful purpose
8. In Oregon, how much land was given to each
married couple?
A. 100 acres
B. 275 acres
C. 640 acres
D. 1000 acres
9. American merchants would do what to get
frontier contracts?
A. kill
B. buy slaves
C. move west
D. marry daughter of important families
10. Who was Stowe?
A. author
B. mother
C. wife
D. schoolteacher
Multiple Choice
CHAPTERS 16-17
ANSWERS
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. D
9. D
10. A
1. happened to families in the Border States?
A. They formed stronger family ties
B. Split apart
C. Stayed the same
D. None of the above
2. How many letters were written home during
the war?
A. Millions
B. Billions
C. Thousands
D. Hundred-thousands
3. Who supplied the south with medical supplies?
A. Sanitary Commissions Association
B. Confederate government
C. Women’s volunteer group
D. Men’s volunteer group
4. Why were there objections to women taking
care of strange men?
A. It’s unsanitary
B. It’s unconstitutional
C. It could cause people to fall in love
D. People didn’t think it was respectable
5. Who were “government girls”?
A. First ladies
B. Women that were part of the senate
C. Women that were part of the bureaucracy
D. Women that were related to those in government
6. Why couldn’t some families provide for
themselves?
A. Food prices jumped
B. Taxes to pay for the war
C. Unemployment
D. Amputated limbs
7. The magazine Revolution wrote on all of the
issues except
A. Marriage
B. Domesticity
C. Divorce
D. Property
8. What did people use to tell their wives to
submit to their husbands?
A. The newspaper
B. The constitution
C. Common sense
D. The Bible
9. Nursing was primarily for
A. Men
B. Children
C. Slaves
D. Women
10. What is a widow/widower?
A. A person that loses a spouse
B. A type of baker
C. A freed slave
D. A nurse that has killed somebody
Citation
FARAGHER, JOHN MACK, MARY JO BUHLE,
DANIEL CZITROM, AND SUSAN H.
ARMITAGE. OUT OF MANY: A HISTORY OF
THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. REV. 3RD ED.
UPPER SADDLE RIVER, NJ: PRENTICE HALL,
2002. 73-162. PRINT.